calandra 
Europe and northern Africa. The term lias 
been the book-mime of the species for centu- 
ries. ('*) [''/(.] Made' by Lesson, in 1H:)7, age- 
neric name : a synonym of MtUcMOOOTwka, Also 
Calniidriiia, (<?) In the form I'nliindria, applied 
by Des Murs to the American niocking-thriishcs 
of the genus Mininn. 2. [</' J In i-ntuui., a ge- 
nus of weevils, typical of the family (.'iilinnlritln: 
M.IIU- i,f the IllillUte j-perir;. inlulllit ^Ivitt hav.T IN L:rali 
arles. In iHith tlieir larval ami their perfect state. They 
are very numerous, au<l aiuoni.' them are the wcll-knoH n 
7r>o 
Grain- weevils. 
IT, corn-weevil (Calandrtt franariai ; *, rice-weevil (Ca/aHttra 
orystr] ; c, larva ; it, pupa. ( Small figures show natural sizes. ) 
eorn weevil, f. ^i-iniiifia t l.imia-nsi. and the rice-weevil, 
C. oryta. The gru-gru worm, which destroys palm-trees 
in South America, is the larva of C. ixdmantin, and is 
nearly 2 inches long. The grub is eagerly Bought (or by 
the natives, who cook and eat it. This species, with ' '. 
miv/m/-/. destroys also the sugar-canes of the West Indies. 
calandrelle (kal-an-drel'),H. [A P. form, < NL. 
ciilainlrrlla, dim. of calamira, q. v.] A name of 
the short-toed lark, Alnuda ctilandrella. 
calandrid (ka-lan'drid), a. and . I. a. Per- 
taining to or having the characters of the Ca- 
liiiiiii-i/ln'. Also calamlrnitl. 
II. H. A weevil or snout-beetle of the family 
Culaudridce. 
Calandridae (ka-lan'dri-de), w. pi. [NL., < Ca- 
laiidra, 2, + -idie.'] A family of rhynchophorous 
Coleoptera having strong folds on the inner 
faces of the elytra, the pygidium undivided in 
both sexes, tibiffi not serrate, geniculate an- 
tennre, no labrum, the last spiracle not visible, 
and the last dorsal segment of the male more 
or less retractile and concealed, species of the 
leading genus, Calatutra (or Sitophilu*), are known as 
corn- or grain-weeU*. The family is related to the Cnr- 
culiOHidfe, and is often included therein. .See cut under 
ratamlrtt. 
Calandrinae (kal-an-dri'ne), M. pi. [NL., < CH- 
liiiitlrn, -, + -ina\] A subfamily of CurctiUo- 
niilii; containing weevils of varying size with 
geniculate clubbed antennas and a steep or ver- 
tical pygidium, typified by the genus Calandra, 
and corresponding to the family Calandrida. 
calandroid (ka-lan'droid), . Same as calandrid. 
calandrone (kal-an-dro'ne), u. [It.] A small 
reed instrument of the clarinet kind, with two 
holes, used by the peasants of Italy. 
calangay (ka-lang'ga), . A species of white 
parrot, a native of the Philippine islands. 
calanget, n. and v. A Middle English form of 
chdlll't'ifr. 
calanid (kal'a-nid), n. A copepod of the family 
Cain nil In: 
Calanid8e(ka-lan'i-de),n.;)/. [XL., ,,<* + 
-II/H: ] A family of gnathostomatous copepods, 
of the suborder Kiieopepoda, having very long 
anterior antennae, only one of them modified 
for prehension, and the posterior antennas bi- 
ramous. The fifth pair of feet is modified in the male 
to assist in copulation. Caltuittx, Crtochilwi, Tetiwra, and 
lH'tjitiinuui are genera of this family. 
Calanus (kal'a-nus), n. [NL.] A genus of 
copepods, typical of the family Calaiiidte. C. 
jturo is an example. 
calao (ka-la'o), w. [E. Ind.] A general name 
of the hornbills, or birds of the family Bueero- 
li'lii' : adopted by Brisson in 1760 for the whole 
of them, as Huceros lii/ilrncnrtix of the Philip- 
pines. I!, nlisriirii.i of tlio Moluccas, etc. 
calapitte (kal'a-pit), . [< Malayan caliiii/m, 
the cacao-tree.] A stony concretion occasion- 
ally present in the cocoanut, much worn by the 
Malays as an amulet of great virtue. Also 
called I'fi/i'tiiM,' h, -our. 
Calappa'(ka-lap'ii). . [XL. Of. rttlapittr.] \ 
genus of brachyurous decapod crustaceans. 
sometimes giviiij; name to a family ('ulii/i/iidir. 
<'. ili'iiri-.i.tn and <'. iiriiinilatii are' among the 
species known us hiijr-crabs. 
calappian (ka-lap'i-an), M. [< Calappa + 
-iini.] A crustacean of the fainily ('iilu/ipida'. 
Box<rab (Calaffa tUfrtiia 
calappid (ka-lap'id), n. Same as calii/. 
Calappidae (ka-lap'i-de), M. pi. [NL., < c,i 
laj>pa + -itla>.] A family of braehyurous de- 
' 
capod crustaceans, typified by the genus ( ' 
)i/i ; the box-crabs. They have a rounded carapace 
subtrlangular anteriorly, a triangular Imccal frame ami 
the riiair 1,'eiierative openings on the basal joint of the last 
pair of legs. One of their most characteristic features is 
the manner in which the large crested pincers fold against 
the front of the carapace. The genera are several, and the 
slK-cies Inhabit tropical seas. 
calappoid (ka-lap'oid). a. and n. I. a. Per- 
taining to or having the characters of the Ca- 
lajipidte. 
II. H. A calappian or calappid. 
calascione, colascione (ka-, ko-la-shio'ne), w. 
[It.] A musical instrument of lower Italy, of 
the lute or guitar family, having two catgut 
strings tuned a fifth apart, and played with a 
plectrum. It is said to be closely similar to 
the very ancient Egyptian nofre or nefer. 
calash (ka-lash'W . [Also formerly caleah, 
caleche, < P. caliche = Sp. calesa = It. calesxe, 
calesso, < G. kalesche, kaltssc, < Bohem. koleska = 
Pol. kolaska = Russ. kolyaska, a calash, dim. of 
Bohem. kolesa = Pol. kolasn, a calash (cf . OBulg. 
kolesinitsa = Russ. kolemitga, a car, chariot ; 
Bohem. fro/<w> = Russ. koleso, a wheel), < OBulg. 
Serv. Bohem. kolo = Pol. kolo (barred /), a 
wheel.] 1. A light carriage with low wheels, 
open or covered with a folding top which 
1 let down at pleasure. The Canadian ca- 
either o 
can be 
lash is two-wheeled, and has a seat on the splashlioartl for 
the driver. 
An old calah, belonging to the abbess, lined with green 
frieze, was ordered to be drawn into the sun. 
Sterne, Tristram Shandy, vll. 21. 
2. The folding hood or top usually fitted to 
such a carriage. Specifically called a calash-top. 
3f. A hood in the form of a calash-top worn 
by women in the eighteenth century and until 
about 1810. It was very large and full, to cover the 
head-dresses of the period, and was made on a framework 
of light hoops, capable of being foMed back on the shoul- 
ders, or raised, by nulling a riblHm. to cover the head and 
project well over the face, similar hoods had been worn 
at earlier times, hut the reintroduction under this name 
appears to date from 1765. 
Mrs. Bute's eyes flashed out at her from under her black 
"/"/. Thnckfi-ttii, Vanity Fair. 
calata (ka-la'ta), a. [It., a dance, also a slope. 
descent, < caltire, let down, lower, descend: 
see calude, calando.'] A lively Italian dance 
in J time. 
calathi, . Plural of calathux. 
calathia, . Plural of calathium. 
calathidium (kal-a-thid'i-um), n. ; pi. calathtaia 
(-a.). [NL., < Or. '*jP.0ici>i>, dim. of ndiaBof, L. 
ri'iliithus, a basket for fruit, flowers, etc., hence 
the bell of a (Corinthian) capital : see calathvu.'] 
In lot., a name sometimes given to the flower- 
head in the order Composite. Also called cala- 
t III Kill. 
calathiform (kal'a-thi-f6rm), a. [< L. caltithiix. 
a basket, + forn'iti, form.] In hot. and -o.V/.. 
hemispherical or concave, like a bowl or cup. 
calathium (ka-la'thi-um), .; pi. calathia (-). 
Same as cdldtliiiliiim. 
calathus (kal'a-thns), M. ; pi. mlatlii (-thi). 
[L., < Gr. w&Mof, a vase-shaped basket: see 
I'lilatliidiinn.'} \. In clunxirtil mi/ii/.. a basket 
in which (iivek and Roman women kept their 
calcar 
work. It is often represented on moninr 
especially as a symbol of maidenhood. 2. 
!<"/>.] (Nl.. 1 A Delias of adepha^'ous tieetli-. 
of the family I'arahidn: having nlilii|iiely ~-'u\n 
ate elytra and serrate claws. 'I'. , /////</< 
an example. 
calaverite (kal-a-ve'rit), n. [< CaUneriu 
( -<< del. ) + -it> -'."I A rare tellurid of gold, oc- 
curring massive, of a bronze-yellow color and 
metallic luster, first found in'Calavei i- <-oun 
ty, California. 
calcagiumt (kal-ka'ji-nm), . [MI^. (after OF. 
i-fiiiriiii/r), < mlccata, a road: see causey.] A 
tax, anciently paid by the neighboring inhabi- 
tants of a country, for the making and repair- 
ing of common roads. K. riiilli/j.t, 1706. 
calcaire (kal-kar'), . [F., limestone, < lj. ral- 
i-iirnis: sc'e I'nlcareoMt.'J Limestone, calcaire 
Krosaler (litei-ally, coarse limestone), a calcareous di-|Bit 
in the Paris basin, tu'lunging to the Middle i:.,.vn, U roup 
of the Tertiary, and nearly the equivalent <>f tlie l' t agtthot 
lieds of the London basin. It Is a coarse-grained rock ; 
hence the name. H U rich In foulU, especially of mol- 
lusks of the genus Cfrithittm, and some beds contain great 
nnmlKTHof t'nraiitin(frra. It Is extensively used in the 
rough parU of buildings In and about Paris. 
calcanea, . Plural of nilcanenm. 
calcaneal (kal-ka'ne-al). a. [< calcnneiim + 
-</'.] 1. In aiitil., relating to the calcanemn 
or heel-bone: as, caleaneal arteries, ligaments, 
etc. 2. In ornith., of or pertaining to the 
back upper part of the tarsometatarsus (tar- 
sus of ordinary language) of a bird, where there 
is often a tuberosity regarded by some orni- 
thologists as a calcaneum, and so named by 
them: as, a calcanenl tubercle; calcaneal tuber- 
osity. See cut under taramnetatarsus. 
In most birds, the posterior face of the proximal end of 
the middle metatarsal, and the adjacent surface of the Ur- 
sal l)onc, grow out Into a process, which Is commonly, but 
Improperly, termed calcanrat. Hialry, Anat Vert., p. 2.14. 
calcanean (kal-ka'ne-an), a. [< calcaneum + 
-an.] Belonging to the heel ; calcaneal. 
calcaneum (kal-ka'ne-um), H. ; pi. caleanea (-S). 
[L., the heel, < calx (calc-), the heel.] 1. 'in 
anat., one of the tarsal bones, the os calcis, or 
bone of the heel ; the outer one of the bones of 
the proximal row, in its generalized condition 
called the fibulare ; in man, the largest bone of 
the tarsus, forming the prominence of the heel. 
See cuts under foot, hockl, and Ornitliosctlida. 
2. In ornith., a bony process or protuberance on 
the back of the upper end of the tarsometatar- 
sal bone : so called because considered by some 
as the representative of the os calcis ; but the 
latter is more generally regarded as represented 
in the outer condyle of the tibia. 
calcantt (kal'kant), n. [< L. clfan(t-)s, ppr. 
of calcare, tread, < calx (calc-), the heel.] A 
bellows-treader; a man who worked the clumsy 
bellows of old German organs with his feet. 
calcar 1 (kal'kilr), H.; pi. calcaria (kal-k'ri-a). 
[L., a spur, < calx (calc-), the heel: see r/i/j- 2 .] 
1. In hot., a spur ; a hollow projection from the 
base of a petal or sepal: the nectary (necta- 
rium) of Linnaeus. 2. In anat., a projection 
into the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle 
of the brain of man and some other mammals; 
the calcar avis or hippocampus minor. 3. 
In ornith., a Spur, (n) The homy process, with a 
ttony core, borne upon the lower and inner part of the 
shank of sundry gallinaceous birds, as the turkejr, phea- 
sant, domestic cock, etc. It is of the same nature as a 
claw, or u the horns of cattle, but differs from a claw in 
t>eing an offset from the side of a lionc, not at the end of 
a phalanx. There is sometimes a pair of spurs, one above 
the other, on each shank, as in the genus PohplMiYMi, 
(See cut uniler i-nlcaratf.) Spurs are commonly devel<>j>cl 
only in the male sex, not pa*ing a rudimentary condition. 
if found at all, in the female. (See cut under tarmmrta- 
larniK.) (b) A similar but usually smaller horny process 
borne upon the side of the pinion-bone, near the wrist- 
joint, of various birds, as the jacanas, spur-winged goose, 
etc. (<) Loosely applied to the claws of Mr-Is, esitecialty 
the hind claw when notably long and straight, as in larks, 
spur-heeled cuckoos, etc. 
4. In liotifera, a spur-like setigerous process 
more or less closely attached to the single 
ganglion of these animals, near the trochal 
disk. 5. In Chiroptera, a slender elongated 
bone or cartilage upon the inner side of the 
ankle-joint, assisting in the support of the pa- 
tagium. 6. [cap.'] [NL.] In mliim., a genus 
of atraeheliate beetles, of the familv Trnclirio- 
nidir. l>ij,,in. 1 *_']. 7. [r<7/..] [NI,.] Incniirh., 
a genus of mollusks. Minitl'nrt. 1810. 8. The 
spur forming part of any ceremonial costume. 
calcar- ( kal'kar), n. [< L. calcaria, a lime-kiln, 
fem. of calcarius, pertaining to lime: see cal- 
careous.] 1. In glass-works, an oven or fur- 
nace for calcining the materials of frit, prior 
to melting. Also called fritHiiti-fiirnari. 2. 
