calendar 
Let i hi- pernicious hour 
Stand aye accursed in II ..... ,iL ,i,l,,,- ' 
Hlillk., Macbeth, iv. I. 
The Egyptians were the first to institute :i 
'lit,', ill which every da)' almost eUTyholir liaditsspc 
ciiil religions ceremony. FttttJuty ll- H'./.-W. p. HO. 
2. A systoui of reckoning time, especially the 
method of fixing the length anil divisions of 
the year. 3. A table or tables of the days of 
each month in a year, with their numbers, for 
use in fixing dates. 4. A table or catalogue 
of persons, events, etc., made out in order of 
time, as a list of saints with the dates of their 
festivals, or of the causes to be tried in a court ; 
specifically, in British universities, a chrono- 
logical statement of the exercises, lectures, ex- 
aminations, etc., of a year or of a course of 
study. 
Tin' care I have had to even your content, I wish might 
lie found in the calendar of my past endeavours. 
Shale., All's Well, 1.3. 
He keeps a calendar of nil the famous dishes of meat 
that have been in the court ever since onr great-grand- 
lathers time. Beau, anil Ft., Woman-Hater, I. 1. 
RhadunianthiiH, who tries the lighter causes Mow, leav- 
ing to his two brethren the heavy calenilnrx. 
Lamb, To the Shade of Elliston. 
5f. A guide ; anything set up to regulate one's 
conduct. 
h'irfi-iuler is she 
To any woman that wol lover l>e. 
Ckaui-i-r. Hood Women, 1. 642. 
6. A series of emblematic pictures of the months : 
a common motive of decoration during the mid- 
dle ages, in sculp- 
ture, painted glass, 
earthenware tiles, 
andthelike. For each 
month the zodiacal siuii 
is represented, with one 
or more persons engaged 
In labors or sports char- 
acteristic of the month. 
Calendar - amend- 
ment Act, :in English 
statute of 1751, which 
took effect in 1762, es- 
tablishing January 1st as 
the beginning of each 
year (instead of Lady- 
day, March 25th), adopt- 
ing the Gregorian or 
"new style" in place of 
the Julian or " old style " 
calendar, and canceling 
the then existing excess 
toe Uthls know,, , 
Lord Che*terfiM'f Act. 
Calendar month, a solar month as it stands in al- 
manacs. Calendar moon. Same as ecclffiaittical momi 
(which see, under eccleriantical). Ecclesiastical calen- 
dar, an arrangement of the civil year employed by the li- 
turgical churches to designate the flays set apart for partic- 
ular religious celebration. As many feasts of the church 
depend upon Easter, the date of which varies from year to 
year, either the calendar must vary every year or must con- 
tain simply the matter from which a true calendar can be 
i -'imputed for cadi year. In the Roman Catholic Church, 
special circumstances in the history of each nation affect 
its liturgical calendar ; hence every nation, and to some 
extent every religious order and even every ecclesiastical 
province, has its own calendar. The German Lutheran 
church retained at the Reformation the Roman Catholic 
calendar, with the saints' days then observed. The Church 
of England still retains In its calendar certain festivals, 
i -ailed black-letter days, for which no service is prescribed 
and which have been omitted by the Protestant Episcopal 
riinrch of America. See Hatter. Gregorian calendar, 
the ivii in i led Julian calendar introduced by the bull of Pope 
Gregory XIII. in February, 1582, and adopted in England 
in September, 1752; the "new style" of distributing and 
naming time. The length of the year of the Gregorian cal- 
endar is regulated by the Gregorian rule of intercalation. 
which is that every year whose number in the common 
reckoning since Christ is not divisible liy 4, as well us even 
year whose number is divisible by 100 but not by 400, shall 
have 305 days, and that all other years, namely, those whose 
numbers arc divisible by 400, and those divisible by 4 and 
1 1 > '! hy 100, shall have :tG& days. The Gregorian year, or the 
mean length of the years of the Gregorian calendar, is 386 
'lavs. ;, hours. 4ii minutes, ami 12 seconds, and is too Ion-; by 
26 seconds. The Gregorian rule has sometimes been stated 
as if the year 4000 and its multiples were to l>e common 
years : this, however, is not the rule enunciated by Greg- 
ory. The Civ.'orian calendar also regulates the time of 
Kastcr, upon which that of the other movable feasts of 
the church depend; and this it does by establishing a fic- 
titious iniwui, which is purposely made to depart from the 
place of the true moon in order to prevent the coincidence 
of the Christian Paschal feast with that of the Jews. He- 
brew calendar, the luni-solar calendar used by the .lews 
since the second century of the Christian em. The years, 
numbered from tie creation, are either ordinary, contain- 
ing 12 lunar months and 3s:t, :i4, or 355 days, or embolls- 
mic, containing 13 lunar months and 383, 384, or 886 days. 
In every cycle of 19 yeara 7 are emltolismic. to bring lunar 
and solar time into agreement. To find the number of the 
Hebrew year lieirinnim: in the course of a unveil i;re<_-<inan 
year, ad I ::7iit to the number of the latter. -Julian Cal- 
endar, the solar calendar as adjusted by Julius t^e-ar, in 
which the chronological reckoning was first made definite 
and invariable, and the average leliirth of the year fixed at 
I165J days. This average year (called the Julian t/fnr) be- 
ing too long by a few minutes, the error was rectified in 
703 
the Gregoiian calendar. The .Inlian calendar, or 'old 
style, ' is still retained in Russia and Greece, whose dates 
iiicntly are now 12 days in arrear of those of other 
Christian countries. Mohammedan calendar, the lu- 
nar calendar ciuplo>ed in all Mohammedan countries., 
thonu'h there is another jwculiar to IVi -ia. I 
Hist of ::.ii or n.v> dais, in the mean :i:i4la. The Mftnntav 
of the year thus retrogrades thioujih dill, -rent - 
completing their circuit in almut .".'; >ears. They are num- 
bered from the hejlra (which see), the nrstdayof the first 
>ear heini; .Inly loth, \. l.. BB, lie I'.ootli M ,r l- Ki iii 
Sunday. Vnvniiicr uth. i-.vj. Republican calendar, 
the calendar of the first French republic. The \eai i 
slsted of 365 days, to which a :<iK)th was to be added "ac- 
cording as the position of the- opiinox requires it," so that 
the year should always liegin at the midnight of the Paris 
observatory preceding the true autumnal equinox. The 
numlK-rs of the years were written in Roman numerals. 
The year I. began September 22d, 1792, hut the calendar 
was not introduced until October 5th, 1793. Every period 
of four years was called a/rantuuie. The years of ;**> days 
were called textile. There were 12 months of 30 days each, 
and 5 or 6 extra days at the end called nani-atlottida. The 
names of the months, t>eginning at the autumnal equinox, 
ere Vendcmiaire, Brumalre, Frimaire, N'ivose, Pluvlose, 
Ventose, Germinal, Floreal, Prairial, Messldor, Themiidor. 
and Fructidor. 
calendar (kal'en-dar), v. t. [< calendar, n.] To 
enter or write in a calendar; register. 
Twelve have been martyrs for religion, of whom ten r.re 
calendared for saints. 
Waterhmuu, Apol. for Learning, p. 237. 
And do you not recall that life was then calendars! by 
moments, threw itself Into nervous knots or glittering 
hours, even as now, and not spread Itself abroad an equa- 
ble felicity? Emerton, Works and Days. 
The greater and Increasing treasures of the Record- 
office . . . lately calendared and indexed. 
X. A. Re.t., CXXVI. MO. 
calendar-clock (kal'en-diir-klok), n. A large 
hall- or wall-clock having dials or other appli- 
ances for indicating the days of the week, 
month, or year, with sometimes the phases of 
the moon, as well as the hours and minutes. 
calendarial (kal-en-da'ri-al), a. [< calcndary 
+ -al.] Same as calendary. 
calendary (kal'en-da-ri), a. [< L. calendaring, 
katcnitarius : see calendar, n.] Belonging to 
the calendar. 
The usual or calendar]/ month. 
Sir T. Brmrne, Vulg. Err., iv. 12. 
calender 1 (kal'en-der), n. [< F. calandre, < 
ML. celendra, a calender, a corruption of L. cy- 
lindriig, a roller, cylinder: see cylinder.] 1. A 
machine consisting of two or more cylinders or 
rolls revolving very nearly in contact, between 
which are passed woven fabrics, paper, etc., 
for preparation or finishing by means of great 
pressure, often aided by neat communicated 
from the interior of the cylinders. The object of 
the calender for cloth and paper is to give the material a 
perfectly smooth and equal surface, and sometimes to pi <> 
duce a superficial glaze, as In certain cotton and linen 
fabrics and what is specifically called calendered paper, or 
a wavy sheen, as in watered silk, etc. The larger rolls in 
such a calender are usually made of solidified paper or 
pasteboard turned exactly true, with intermediate cast- 
iron cylinders. Calenders are attached to paper-making 
machines for expressing the water from the felted web of 
paper, and for the finishing processes of smoothing and 
glazing. They are also used for spreading india-rubber 
into sheets suitable for making rubber fabrics, etc. 
2. An establishment in which woven fabrics 
are prepared for market by the use of the cal- 
ender and the other necessary processes. 
It is as usual to say that goods are packed as that goods 
are dressed at a calender. Kiurjfc. Brit., IV. 682. 
3. [Prop, calendrer, q. v.] A calendrer. 
calender 1 (kal'en-der), r. t. ..[= F. calandrer; 
from the noun.] To press in a calender, as 
cloth or paper. 
calender'* (kal'en-der), n. [< F. calendre, cn- 
landre, calande, now only cabindre, a kind of 
lark, also a weevil : see calandra.] 1. A lark. 
See calandra, 1. 2. A weevil. 
Calender 1 *, Kalender (kal'en-der), . [= F. 
calender, < Ar. qalandar, > Turk, qalandcr, 
Hind, qalandar.] One of an order of der- 
vishes founded in the fourteenth century by 
an Andalusian Arab named Yusuf, who was ex- 
pelled from the order of Bektashis on account 
of his extreme arrogance. The Calenders are wan- 
derers who preach in the market-places and live by alms. 
Though the title Calender asserts for its bearers a life of 
great purity, the members of this order, even before the 
death of its founder, fell into the grossest licentiousness 
and debauchery, and have not hesitated at assassination 
They hold that salvation is as little affected by vice and 
crime as by virtue and holiness, and that sin stains the 
body only and can Iw removal by ablutions. 
On the road I caused my beard and eyebrows t" IK- 
shaven, and assumed a calender'!! habit. 
Arabian Night*, Hist, of Third Calender. 
calender 4 !, An obsolete corrupt form of 
nlinnili-r for I'nrinnili r. 
calf 
calendographer (kal-cn-<lt>g'r-fi-r). //. [Ineg. 
< ML. riilriiil(iiriinii). a calendar, + (ir. ^Ktyt/v, 
write.] One who makes calendar*. Itoyle. 
[Hare.] 
calendrer, calenderer (kal'en-dn'-r. -dWr), . 
[Also ciintr. fttli-Hilcr ; < ruU-nitirl, f., + -/.T 1 .] 
A person who calenders cloth, paper, etc. 
calendric, calendrical (ka-len'drik. -<lri-kal), 
it. [Irreg. < nilrndiir + -ir, -iral.] Pertaining 
to a calendar. [Kiirr. ] 
calends, kalends (kaivmlz), H. ;</. [< MK. /</ 
lendes, rarely sing., the first dav of the month, 
< AS. call-nil, a month, < L. i-nl' -iidir, in classi- 
cal L. usually kalenda;, pi., the first day of the 
month, also by extension a month, < *cni> n , 
(a/arc = Gr. na).fiv, call, summon (not connect- 
ed with E. call 1 ). The reason of the name is 
uncertain.] 1. In the Roman calendar, the 
first day of the month. Krom this the days of the 
preceding month were counted backward to the ides, 
which in March, May, .Inly, and Octolier eorres|^mded to 
the 15th, and In all the other months to the l.ithdayof 
the month. Thus the 18th day of March by onr reckoning 
was In the Roman calendar the 17th day before tin- cab-nd. 
of April(the first of April being Included), m more briefly 
17th calends ; the 14th day of January was the imh day 
liefore the calends of February ; the 14th day of any month 
with thirty days being the isth before the calends of the 
succeeding month. 
2f . The beginning or first period. 
Now of hope the kalendet blgyune. 
Chaucer, Trollus, U. 7. 
On or at the Greek calends (Latin ml kalnuUu Graau\ 
at no time; never: an ancient Roman phrase alluding to 
the fact that the Greeks had nothing corresponding to the 
Roman calends; hence, to say that a debt umild IN- paid at 
til- 1 (,'i-fek cntenttx meant that the debt would never In- paid. 
Calendula 1 (ka-len'du-lft), . [NL., dim., < L. 
falenda-, the first day of the month; from its 
producing flowers almost all the year round.] 
A genus of plants, natural order Composite, 
with yellow or orange flowers, having a power- 
ful but not pleasant odor, natives of the Medi- 
terranean region j the marigolds. The common or 
pot marigold, C. ojRctnaliji, Is an old ornament of country 
gardens. Its flowers are used to give a yellow color to 
cheese, and to adulterate saffron. In medicine It has had 
repute as a remedy for cancer and other diseases, and its 
tincture is used as a cure for wounds and bruises. 
calendula' 2 (ka-len'du-la), . [NL., for "calan- 
dula, "culandrula, dim. of calandra, a lark: see 
calandra and calender?.] In itrnith.: (nf) An 
old and disused name of the crested wren of 
Europe, Regains crwtatun. Brisson, 1760. (6) 
The specific name of the ruby-crowned kinglet 
of North America, Regulus calendula. JAnnatut, 
1766. (c) (cai).] [NL.] A genus of African 
larks, of which C. eraxsirostris is an example. 
Svaiimon, 1837. 
calendulin, calenduline (ka-len'du-lin), n. [< 
Calendula 1 + -in 1 *, -te 2 .] A mucilaginous sub- 
stance or gum obtained from the leaves and 
dowers of the common marigold. 
calentes (ka-len'tez), n. Given by Sir W. Ham- 
ilton as another name for camenet (which see). 
Probably a mistake for celantex. 
calenture (kal'en-tur), n. [< F. calenture, < Sp. 
(Pg.) calentura, heat, a calenture, < calentar, 
heat, < L. calere, ppr. calen(t-)g, be hot: see 
calid, calefacient, etc.] A kind of delirium 
sometimes caused, especially within the trop- 
ics, by exposure to excessive heat, particularly 
on board ship. 
Xow I am made up of tire, to the full height 
Of a deadly calenture. 
Fletcher (and another). Fair Maid of the Inn, v. 1. 
Interest divides the church, and the calenture* of men 
breathe out in problems anil unactive discourses. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 18SSX Ded., I. S. 
This calenture which shows me the maple-shadowed 
plains of Berkshire, . , . tteneath the salt waves which 
come feeling their way along the wall at my feet. 
O. W. Holme*. Autocrat, x. 
calescence (ka-les'ens), w. [< L. calecen(t-)g, 
ppr. of calescere, grow warm or hot, inchoative 
of calere, be warm or hot : see calid.] Growing 
warmth ; increasing heat, 
calevilet, ". An obsolete form of ealnlle. 
caleweist, . [ME., appar. a corrupt form of 
OF. cailloel.] A fine variety of pear. Hum. of 
the Ritse. 
calf 1 (kaf), . ; pi. calces (kavz). [E. dial, also 
ranf; early mod. E. also calre, < ME. calf, < AS. 
mill'(p\. ceajfas, rnasc., cealfent. eealfm, neut.) 
= 68. kalf= D. kalf= MLG. LG. kalf= Icel. 
kalfr = Sw. kalf= Dan. kalr = OHO. riill,, <-l,lh 
(pl.d 
. . . , 
( pi. chelbir). MHO. kalp(p\. MtoO.G.faO, neut., 
OHO. fliiilM, MHO. kullif, f., a calf, = Goth. 
calenderer, ". 
calendering-rubber (kal'en-der-ing-mb"er). . 
A utensil formerly used for calendering. 
o. f., a heifer; related to AS. rilfor (-lomb), 
E. dial, chilrer, =OHG. eMbiirra. MHG. kilbere, 
a female lamb, G. dial. (Swiss) kilber, a young 
ram ; cf. Ir. colpa, eolpach, cow, heifer, bul- 
lock; the Lapp, kalbe, Finn. kalj; are borrowed 
