Horseshoe-Calks, 
calk 
= Sp. calafatea'r = Pg. calafetar = It. calafatare 
(ML. ntliifatare, MGr. naMtan'ai). calk a ship: 
of uncertain (perhaps Ar.) origin.] To drive 
oakum into the seams of (a ship or other vessel). 
See calking^-, 1 Calking-chisel. See chisel. 
calk a (kalk), v. t. [Also spelled caique; = D. kal- 
kercn = G. kalkicren = Dan. kalkere, < F. calquer 
= It. calcare, calk,< L. as if *calcare,( calx(calc-), 
lime: see chalk.'] 1. To cover with chalk, as the 
back of a design, for the purpose of transferring 
a copy of it. 2. To copy, as a drawing, a map, 
etc., by tracing. See calking"*. 
calk 3 (kak), n. [Also written cauk, cork; appar. 
short for caGeer* or calkin, q. v.] 1 . A spur pro- 
jecting downward from a horse- 
shoe, serving to prevent slip- 
ping. 2. A piece of iron with 
sharp points worn on the sole 
or heel of the shoe or boot to 
prevent slipping on the ice or 
to make it wear longer: also 
worn by lumbermen in the 
woods, and especially on the drive. [U. S.] 
calk 3 (kak), P. t. [Also written cock; < calk 3 , .] 
1. To fit with calks, as horseshoes. 2. To in- 
jure or hurt with a calk, as when a horse wounds 
one of his feet with the calk on another foot. 
calk 4 t, '' [Short for caleule, q. v.] To calculate. 
calker 1 , caulker (ka'ker), . [< calkl + -e-l.] 
One who calks; especially, one whose occupa- 
tion is the calking of ships. 
calker 2 (ka'ker), n. [Also called calkin, and in 
the United States calk (see calk 3 ); prob. con- 
nected with calk 1 and L. calx, heel. Cf . L. cat- 
car, a spur.] Same as calk 3 . [Eng.] 
calker 3 t, [< calkt + -er l .~\ One who calcu- 
lates nativities. Nares. 
calketrapt, Same as caltrop. 
calki, n. See kalki. 
calkin (ka'kin), n. Same as calk 3 . [Eng.] 
On this horse is Arcite 
Trotting the stones of Athens, which the calkins 
Did rather tell than trample. 
Fletcher (and another), Two Xoble Kinsmen, v. 4. 
calking 1 , caulking (ka'king), n. [Verbal n. 
of calk 1 , B.] 1. The operation of filling the 
seams of vessels with oakum, to prevent pene- 
tration of water. The oakum is forced below 
the surface, and the space outside of it is filled 
with melted pitch. 2. In carp., a dovetail 
tenou-and-mortise joint by which cross-timbers 
are secured together, much used for fixing the 
tie-beams of a roof, or the binding-joists of a 
floor, down to the wall-plates. 
calking 2 (kal'kmg), n. [Verbal n. of calk 1 *, .] 
The copying of a picture or design by means of 
tracing. Three methods are used : (1) rubbing the back 
of the design with a pencil, chalk, or crayon, and tracing 
over its lines with a hard point, which causes the coating 
on the back to make an impression of them on a sheet of 
paper or other material placed beneath ; (2) following over 
the lines of the superimposed design in the same way as 
above, but, instead of coating the back of the design with 
a painting medium, interposing a piece of prepared trans- 
fer-paper between it and the surface which is to receive 
the copy ; (3) tracing the design directly upon a piece 
of transferent paper, oiled linen, or 
the like, fixed over it. Also written 
caulking, cocking, and coayina. 
calking-iron (ka'king-i"ern), 
. A chisel used for calking 
the seams of vessels. 
calking-mallet (ka'king-mal"et), . A mallet 
or beetle for driving calking-irons. 
calk-swage (kak'swaj), n. A tool for forming 
calks on horseshoes. 
call 1 (kal), c. [Early mod. E. also cal, calle, < 
ME. callen, kallen, < AS. ceattian (rare), call, 
= OFries. kclla, Tcaltia, speak, = MD. kallen, 
speak, say, talk, D. kallen, talk, chatter, = 
MLG. kallen, speak, talk, call, = OHG. challon, 
MHG. kallen, speak loudly, talk, = Icel. kalla, 
say, call, name, = Sw. Italia = Dan. kalde, call, 
= L. garrire, talk (see garrulous), = Gr. 
Doric yapvev, speak, proclaim, = Skt. 
sing. Not connected with L. calare = Gr. KO'AC Iv, 
call: see calends.] I. trans. 1. To utter in a 
loud voice ; read over in a loud tone ; hence, to 
pronounce or announce. 
Nor parish clerk who calls the psalms so clear. 
Gay, Shep. Week, vi. 49. 
2. To attract or demand the attention of (a 
person or an animal), or arouse, as from sleep, 
by loudly uttering his (its) name, or some other 
word or exclamation. 
Answer as I call you. Shak., M. N. D., 1. 2. 
3. To invite or command to come ; summon to 
one's presence; send for: as, to call a messen- 
ger; to call a cab. 
Calking-iron. 
766 
Pharaoh shall call you, and shall say, What is your oc- 
cupation 1 Gen. xlvi. :. 
And sent forth his servants to call them that were bid- 
den to the wedding. Mat. xxii. 3. 
Call hither Clifford ; bid him come amain. 
Shale., 2 Hen. VI., v. 1. 
Be not amazed ; call all your senses to yon ; defend your 
reputation. Shak., M. W. of W., iii. 3. 
4. To convoke: assemble; issue a summons 
for the assembling of: as, to call a meeting: 
often with together: as, the king called his 
council tot/ether. 
Sanctify ye a fast, mil a solemn assembly, gather the 
elders and all the inhabitants of the land. Joel ii. 14. 
5. To name ; apply to by way of name or des- 
ignation. 
And God called the light Day, and the darkness he 
called Night. Gen. i. 6. 
And from thense we Ascendid a lytyll And come to a 
nother tower Callyd Galilee. 
Torkington, Diarie of Eng. Travell, p. 30. 
6. To designate or characterize as; state or 
affirm to be; reckon; consider. 
Call you that backing of your friends ? A plague upon 
such backing ! Shak., 1 Hen. IV., ii. 4. 
He [James II.] was willing to make for his religion exer- 
tions and sacrifices from which the great majority of those 
who are called religious men would shrink. 
Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vi. 
7. To indicate or point out as being ; manifest, 
reckon, or suppose to be. 
This speech calls him Spaniard, being nothing but a 
large inventory of his own commendations. 
Beau, and Fl., Philaster, i. 1. 
He was a grave personage, about my own age (which 
we shall call about fifty). Scott. 
The whole army is called 700,000 men, but of these only 
80,000 can be reckoned available. Brougham. 
8. To select, as for an office, a duty, or an em- 
ployment; appoint: as."Paul, . . . calledtobe an 
apostle," Bom. i. 1. 9. To invoke or appeal to. 
I call God for a record upon my soul. 2 Cor. 1. 23. 
10. In shooting, to lure, as wild birds, within 
range by imitating their notes. Called session, 
a special session of a legislative body summoned by the ex- 
ecutive. [U. S. ] TO call a card, in nil i'x(, to name a card 
which has been improperly exposed, requiring the player to 
whom it belongs to place it face up on the table, that it 
may be played whenever an opponent wishes. Such a card 
is known as a called card. lo call a chapel. See 
chapel. To call back, to recall ; summon or bring back ; 
hence, to revoke or retract. 
I have joys, 
That in a moment can call back thy wrongs, 
And settle thee in thy free state again. 
Beau, and Fl., Maid's Tragedy, v. 4. 
To call forth, to bring or summon to action : as, to call 
forth all the faculties of the mind. To call in, to col- 
lect : as, to call in debts or money ; or to withdraw from 
circulation : as, to call in clipped coin ; or to summon to 
one's house, invite to come together : as, to call in neigh- 
bors and friends. To call names, to use opprobrious 
epithets toward ; apply reproachful appellations to. Swift. 
To call Off, to summon away ; divert : as, to call o/Tthe 
attention ; to call off workmen from their employment. 
To call out. (a) To challenge to a duel. 
Yet others t^ll, the Captain nx'd thy doubt, 
He'd call thee brother, or he'd call thee out. 
Crabbf, Parish Register. 
(/>) To summon into service : as, to call out the militia. 
(c) To elicit; bring into play; evoke. 
New territory, augmented numbers, and extended in- 
terests call out new virtues and abilities, and the tribe 
makes long strides. Emerson, Misc., p. 181. 
Venice, afterwards the greatest of all, is the city which 
may most truly be said to have been called out of nothing 
in after-times. E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 11. 
To call over, to go over by reading aloud name by name : 
as, to call over a list or roll of names. To call the roll, 
to read aloud from a list the names of the members in a 
legislative or other body. To call to account, to de- 
mand an explanation or accounting from. 
The king had sent for the earl to return home, where he 
should be called to account for all his miscarriages. 
Lord Henry Clarendon. 
TO call to mind, to recollect ; revive in memory. 
I cannot call to mind where I have read or heard words 
more mild and peacefull. Milton, Areopagitica, p. 61. 
To call to the bar, to admit to the rank of barrister. 
[Great Britain.] To call up. (a) To bring into view or 
recollection : as, to call up the image of a deceased friend. 
(6) To bring into action or discussion : as, to call up a bill 
before a legislative body, (c) To require payment of ; as, 
to call up the sums still due on shares. = Syn. 3 and 4. 
Call, Invite, Bid, Convoke, Summon, assemble, COHVCIR-. 
Call is generic, and applicable to summonses of all kinds. 
Invite is more formal, and in compliance with the requin.-- 
ments of courteous ceremony ; bid in this sense is obsolete 
or poetic. Convoke, literally to call together, implies au- 
thority in the agent and an organization which is called 
into session or assembly : as, to convttke the Houses of Par- 
liament. Summon implies authority in the summoner 
and usually formality in the method. 
Call'd her to shelter in the hollow oak. 
Tennyxon, Merlin and Vivien. 
He [the Governor] dispatched his Chamberlain, an el- 
derly and dignified personage, bearing a silver mace as the 
badge of his office, . . . to matte me to dinner. 
O'Doiwcan, Merv, p. 116. 
call 
As many as ye shall find, bid to the marriage. 
Mat. xxii. it. 
In capital cases the grand council is convoked to pn>- 
nuunce sentence. J. Adaing, Works, IV. 338. 
Some trumpet xiniimnn hither to the walls 
These men of Angiers. Slink., K. John, ii. 1. 
5 anil 6. To designate, entitle, term, style. 
II. intrans. 1. To make a sound designed 
(or as if designed) to attract attention ; demand 
heed to one's wish, entreaty, etc.; shout; cry. 
The angel of the Lord called to Hagar. Gen. xxi. 17. 
Who is that calls so coldly ? Shale., T. of the S., iv. 1. 
And from the wood-top calls the crow through all the 
gloomy day. Bryant, Death of the Flowers. 
2. To make a short stop or visit : followed by 
at, for, or on or upon : as, to call at a house or 
place, for a person or thing, or upon a person. 
(See phrases below.) [Johnson supposes this 
use to have originated in the custom of denot- 
ing one's presence at the door by a call.'] 
Yet say the neighbours when they call, 
It is not bad but good laud. Tennyson, Amphion. 
3. In poker, to demand that the hands be 
shown To be (or feel) called on, to be (or feel) under 
obligation, compulsion, or necessity (to do something). 
He was not called on to throw away his own life and those 
of his brave followers, in a cause perfectly desperate, for 
a chimerical point of honor. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa. , ii. 7. 
TO call for. (a) To demand ; require ; claim : as, a crime 
calls for punishment. (b) To make a stop or brief visit 
for the procurement of, as a thing, or the company of a 
person to another place. To call on or upon, (a) To 
demand from or appeal to : as, to call on a person to pay 
what he owes ; to call upon a person for a song. (6) To 
pray to or worship ; invoke : as, to call on the name of 
the Lord, (c) To make a short visit to, as a person or a 
family, usually for a special purpose. To call out, to 
make utterance in a loud voice ; bawl. 
call 1 (kal), n. [< calfl-, v. ; ME. cal = Icel. kail."] 
1 . A loud cry ; a shout. 
They gave but a call, and in came their master. 
Btinyan, Pilgrim's Progress, i. 
2. An invocation or prayer. 
Hear thy suppliant's call. Pope, Dunciad, iv. 403. 
3. Demand; requisition; claim, public or pri- 
vate: as, the calls of justice or humanity; to 
have many calls upon one's time. 4f. Voca- 
tion; employment; calling. 
Still cheerful, ever constant to his call. Dryden. 
Specifically 5. A divine vocation or sum- 
mons : as, the call of Abraham. 
St. Paul himself believed he had a mil to it when he 
persecuted the Christians. Lixke. 
6. A summons or notice to assemble; a no- 
tice requiring attention or attendance : as, the 
president issued a call for a meeting to be held 
next week. 7. A specific invitation or re- 
quest, as of a public body or society ; particu- 
larly, the invitation presented by a congrega- 
tion (or on their behalf) to a clergyman to be- 
come their pastor, or the document containing 
such an invitation. 
All who accept calls and serve churches are pastors. 
Bibliotheca Sacra, XLIII. 420. 
8. An invitation or request (usually expressed 
by applause) to an actor to reappear on the 
scene, or to come before the curtain, to receive 
the acknowledgments of the audience. 9. 
Milit., a summons by bugle, pipe, or drum, for 
the soldiers to perform any duty : as, a bugle- 
ca il. 10. Naiit., a peculiar si Iver whistle or 
pipe used by the boatswain and Ms mates, 
whose special badge it is. It is used to attract at- 
tention to orders about to be given, and to direct the per- 
formance of duties by various strains or signals. In old 
times a gold call-and-cbain was the badge of an admiral. 
11. The cry or note of a bird. 12. In hi/ntini/ : 
(a) A note blown on the horn to encourage the 
hounds, (b) A pipe or whistle for imitating 
the notes of wild birds and thus luring them 
within range of the gun. 
What, was your mountebank their call > their whistle ? 
B. Juwon, Volpone, ii. 6. 
13. An assessment on the stockholders of a 
corporation or joint-stock company, or mem- 
bers of a mutual insurance company, usually 
for payment of instalments of their unpaid 
subscriptions, or for their promised contribu- 
tions to pay losses. 14. A request that hold- 
ers of bonds which have been drawn for re- 
demption by a government or corporation will 
present them and receive payment of the prin- 
cipal sums mentioned in them, and whatever 
interest may then be due, no further interest 
being payable after the date named. 15. In 
the stock exchaniji, the privilege (secured by 
contract and for a consideration) of claiming or 
