calm 
Quiet and calm, without a fear 
Of danger darkly lurking near, 
The weary laborer left his plough. 
Whittier, Pentucket. 
= Syn. 2. Calm, I'l'i'-i'l, Tranquil, Serene, Quiet,Cool, Com- 
posed, Collected, smooth, peaceful, unruffled, imperturba- 
ble. All the italicized words, when applied to the mind, 
still suggest the physical phenomena which they prima- 
rily denote. Calm implies that the mind remains unagi- 
tated, even by care and anxiety. There is a tendency to use 
the word to express the most complete mastery of the 
emotions ; but it is also used for the mere outward man- 
ner : as, in spite of hia anger, he remained calm. Placid 
is by derivation associated with the notion of pleasure ; it 
generally applies to that which belongs to the nature, but is 
also especially used of the face : as, a placid smile. Tran- 
quil implies not so much a. mastery of self amid disturb- 
ing circumstances as freedom from that which agitates, a 
settled calm. Serene, by its association with the aspects 
of the sky, implies an exalted calm, a tranquillity that 
rises above clouds or storms. Quiet, when applied to the 
disposition, implies that the person is naturally silent and 
undemonstrative; externally it implies that one is free 
from annoyances : as, to leave him in quiet. Like tranquil, 
but unlike the rest, it is not suggestive of a triumph of 
self-control over natural agitation of feelings or confusion 
of mind. Cool is the opposite of heated ; it indicates that 
state in which the heat of feeling is perfectly kept down, 
so that the intellectual faculties are not hindered from 
their best operation. Composed is applicable to the state 
of both thoughts and feelings, while collected, gathered 
together, can be used only with reference to the thoughts. 
Composed differs from collected also in expressing, like 
calm, merely a frame of mind ; while collected, like cool, 
expresses a readiness for action with the full and unim- 
peded force of the mind. See apathy. 
Calm me, my God, and keep me calm, . . . 
Yes, keep me calm, though loud and rnde 
The sounds my ear that greet, 
Calm in the closet's solitude, 
Calm in the bustling street. 
//. Bonar, The Inner Calm. 
In proportion as the mental energies go out in restless 
and multitudinous perception, they cannot go out in calm 
and deliberate thought. H. Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., 40. 
The placid marble Muses, looking peace. 
Tennyson, Princess, iv. 
Farewell the tranquil mind ! farewell Content ! 
Shak., Othello, iii. 3. 
Cloudless forever is her brow serene, 
Speaking calm hope and trust within her. 
Lowell, Irene. 
For mine own part, I could be well content 
To entertain the lag-end of my life 
With quiet hours. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., v. 1. 
There is the glib tongue and cool self-possession of the 
salesman in a large shop, which, as is well known, over- 
power the prudence and resolution of housekeepers of 
both sexes. Emerson, Eloquence. 
His [Dante's] gait was grave and gentlemanlike ; and his 
bearing, whether public or private, wonderfully composed 
and polished. 
Quoted in Lowell's Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 18. 
Early and provident fear is the mother of safety ; be- 
cause in that state of things the mind is firm and collected, 
and the judgment unembarrassed. Burke, Unitarians. 
calm 1 (kam), v. [< ME. calmen (= F. calmer = 
Sp. Pg. calmar = It. calmare), intr., become still ; 
from the noun.] I. trans. 1. To still; quiet, 
as the wind or elements. 2. To still, appease, 
allay, or pacify, as the mind or passions. 
Time's glory is to calm contending kings. 
Shak., Lucrece, 1.939. 
Scarce was her head laid on the pillow, ere a deep, re- 
freshing sleep closed her eyes and calmed her senses. 
Charlotte Bronte, Shirley, xx. 
3f. To becalm. 
Like to a ship that, having 'scap'd a tempest, 
Is straightway calm'd and boarded with a pirate. 
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iv. 9. 
II. intrans. To become calm or quiet: as, 
the tempest now began to calm. 
calm 2 (kam), n. [E. dial, and Sc. also caum, 
canlm; appar. a var. of cam 1 , a comb, cog, etc. : 
see cam 1 .] 1. A cog of a wheel. [North. Eng.] 
2. pi. A mold; a frame, etc. 3. pi. The 
small cords through which the warp is passed 
in a loom. In the caulms, in the state of being framed 
or modeled. Jamieson. 
calm :; t, . A dialectal form of qualm. 
Sick of a calm. Shak., 2 Hen. IV., ii. 4. 
calmant (kal'mant), n. [< P. calmant, ppr. of 
calmer, to calm: see cairn 1 .] A quieting med- 
icine or other therapeutic agent. 
calmative (karma-tiv), a. and . [< calm + 
-ative."] I. a. Quieting excessive action of any 
organ; relieving nervous agitation; sedative. 
II. n. A quieting drug or other therapeutic 
agent ; a soothing remedy. 
Where there is exhaustive mania, with high excitement 
and cerebral amentia, wine or whiskey I have always found 
to be the best calmative and soporific. 
E. C. Mann, Psychol. Med., p. 233. 
calm-belt (kam'belt), .. A zone or region 
embracing from four to six degrees of latitude 
parallel to the equator, characterized by the 
prevalence of calms during the greater part of 
the year. 
Panama is within the equatorial calm-belt, where the 
periodical calms continue ten or eleven months in the 
year. Science, IV. 435. 
770 
calmer (ka'mer), n. One who or that which 
calms, or has the power to still and make quiet; 
one who or that which allays, pacifies, or 
soothes. 
Angling was ... a cheerer of his spirits, a diverter of 
sadness, a calmer of unquiet thoughts. 
J. Walton, Complete Angler, i. 1. 
calmly (kiim'Ii), adv. Quietly; peacefully; with- 
out passion, agitation, tumult, disturbance, or 
violence. 
And calmly run on in obedience. Shak., K. John, v. 4. 
The gentle stream which calmly flows. Sir J. Denham. 
A man coole and temperate in his passions, not easily 
betraid by his choller : That vies not oath with oath, nor 
heat with heat ; but replies calmly to an angry man, and 
is too hard for him too. 
Bp. Earle, Micro-cosmographie, A Stayed Man. 
calmness (kam'nes), n. The state of being 
calm, (a) Quietness ; stillness ; tranquillity, as of the 
elements. 
The gentle calmness of the flood. Sir J. Denham. 
When mighty rivers gently creep, 
Their even calmness does suppose them deep. 
Dryden, Epistles, i. 10. 
(b) Quietness ; mildness ; unruffled state of the mind, 
passions, or temper. 
Sir, 'tis fit 
You make strong party, or defend yourself 
By calmness, or by absence ; all's in anger. 
Shak., Cor., iii. 2. 
Even the gambling-table fosters ... a capacity for 
bearing losses with calmness, and controlling the force of 
the desires. Lecky, Europ. Morals, I. 155. 
= Syn. Intlifference, Insensibility, etc. (see apathy), quie- 
tude, serenity, repose, composure, placidness, peaceful- 
ness. 
Calmuck, n. See SalmncJc. 
calmy (ka'mi), a. [A poet, extension of calm 1 , 
a.; or < calm 1 , n. Of. stilly, a.] Calm; tran- 
quil; peaceful. [Poetical.] 
A still and calmy bay. Spenser, F. Q., II. xii. 30. 
Tezcuco's calmy lake. Southey. 
calo-. [NL., < Gr. xaAo-, a less usual form for 
Ka'/M-, combining form of /caAof, beautiful: see 
calli-.] See calli-. 
Calochortus (kal-o-kor'tus), . [NL., < Gr. 
naUf, beautiful, + xfyTOf, grass, any fodder, 
prop, an inclosed space, = L. hortus, a garden : 
see hortus.] A genus of liliaceous bulbous 
plants, allied to the tulip and fritillary. it con- 
tains over 30 species, natives of the western United States 
and Mexico. The flowers are large and showy, and very 
variously colored. 
Calochroma, n. See Callichroma. 
Calodendron (kal-o-den'dron), n. [NL., < Gr. 
KaUf, beautiful, -t- ifaSpov, a tree.] A genus 
of beautiful Diosma-like Cape Colony trees, 
natural order Mutacece. C. Capense is an evergreen 
tree 40 feet high, with beautiful flowers and foliage. Its 
shining black seeds are used for necklaces, etc. 
Caloenas (ka-le'nas), n, [NL., < Gr. KaUf, 
beautiful, + oivdf, a wild pigeon of the color 
of ripening grapes (the wild pigeon, Columba 
cenas, or the rock-dove, C. Itvia), < olvr/, the 
(grape-) vine ; cf . olvof, wine : see vine, wine.] 
A remarkable genus of pigeons, containing a 
single species, Caloenas nicobarica, the Nico- 
bar pigeon, with 
long, acumi- 
nate, pendulous 
feathers on the 
neck like the 
hackles of a 
cock, a very tu- 
mid bill, green- 
ish coloration, 
12rectrices, and 
the epithelial 
lining of the giz- 
zard ossified, it 
is sometimes made 
the type of a fam- 
ily Cal&nadidtK or 
subfamily Calcena- 
Nicobar Pigeon (Catenas nicobarica}. dintK, but the char- 
acters hardly war- 
rant this distinction from the family Colummdce. Also 
Calluenas, and erroneously Calcenas, Calli&nas. 
calography (ka-log'ra-fi), n. Another form of 
calligraphy. 
calomel (kal'o-mel), n. [Formation uncertain, 
being variously given ; appar. < Gr. /ca/Wf, beau- 
tiful, fair, + /LfiAac, black (or ftth = L. mel, 
honey, in allusion to its name mercurius dulcis, 
' sweet mercury').] Hemi-, sub-, or protochlo- 
rid of mercury, or mercurous chlorid, Hg 2 Cl2. 
It was formerly prepared by grinding in a mortar mercury 
sulphate with as much mercury as it already contained', 
and heating the mixture with salt until it sublimed. It 
is now prepared by subliming corrosive sublimate with the 
proper quantity of mercury. It also occurs native in 
tetragonal crystals, which are white-gray or yellowish in 
color and have an adamantine luster. It is sectile, and 
is hence called horn-mercury or horn-quicksilver. It is 
caloric 
usually sold in the form of a white powder, odorless, taste- 
less, and insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether. Calomel 
is extensively used in medicine, especially in inflamma- 
tions of serous membranes and as a purgative. Also 
called subchlorid and protochlorid of mercury, and corne- 
ous mercury. 
Calophyllum (kal-o-fil'um), n. [NL. (cf. Gr. 
Ka>.Aupv/.'/.of, with beautiful leaves), < Gr. /ca/.of, 
beautiful, + $>Mm>= li. folium, leaf.] 1. In lot., 
a genus of plants, natural order Guttiferce. The 
species are large timber-trees of the tropics, rich in bal- 
samic resins, with oily seeds, and shining leaves which 
have numerous transverse parallel veins, giving the plants 
a very beautiful appearance. C. InupliiiUum yields a 
medical resin, the tacamahac of the East Indies. The seeds 
yield an oil which is in high repute for rheumatic com- 
plaints and bruises. The galba- or calaba-tree, C. Calaba, 
of the West Indies and Brazil, the keena, C. tomentosum, 
of Ceylon, the C. Tacamahaca of the Isle of Bourbon and 
Madagascar, and other species, furnish resins and oils, as 
well as strong and durable timber. The fruits of some 
species are edible. 
2. In zool., a genus of rugose stone-corals, of 
the family Cyathophyllida;. J. V. Dana, 1846. 
Calopsitta (kal-op-sit'a), n. [NL., < Gr. itaMf, 
beautiful, + ipiTraK6f, a parrot (abbr. after TJIIT- 
ra, collateral form of airra, a nuthatch).] A 
genus of cockatoos, sometimes made the type 
of a subfamily Calopsittina?, the cockateels: 
usually restricted to a single species, the Aus- 
tralian cockateel, Calopsitta novat-hollandiw. 
Also Callipsittacus. 
Calopsittina (kal'op-si-ti'ne), n. pi. [NL., < 
Calopsitta + -ina:.] A subfamily of Cacatuiflai, 
represented by the genus Calopsitta; the cock- 
ateels. 
Oaloptenobia (kal"op-te-no'bi-a), n. [NL., < 
Caloptenus + Gr. ftiof, life.] A genus of hyme- 
nopterous parasites, of the family Proctotry- 
pidce, founded by Eiley in 1877. The only species 
whose habits are known is parasitic upon the eggs of the 
Rocky Mountain locust and the Carolina locust, (Edipoda 
Carolina. It often occurs in great numbers, and destroys 
many eggs of these injurious insects. Caloptenobia is sy- 
nonymous with Scelia (Latreille). 
Caloptenus (kal-op-te'nus), n. [NL., < Gr. 
/toXof, beautiful, + 7TTrfv6f, feathered, winged, 
akin to nrepoV = E. feather.] A genus of grass- 
Rocky Mountain Grasshopper (Caloftfnus spretus}. 
a, a, newly hatched larvae ; t'. full-grown larva ; :', pupa ; d, female 
locust. ( All natural size. ) 
hoppers, of the family Aeri&i&te. c. fenmr-m- 
brum is the common red-legged grasshopper of the United 
States ; C. spretus (Thomas) is the Rocky Mountain grass- 
hopper or locust, which does incalculable damage to vege- 
tation. 
calor (kal'dr or ka'lor), n. [< L. calor, heat, 
< calere, be hot.] Heat. [Rare.] 
calorescence (kal-o-res'ens), n. [< L. calor, 
heat, + -escence; cf. caiescence, etc.] A name 
given by Tyndall to a luminous phenomenon, 
observed when the invisible heat-rays from an 
appropriate source are converged to a focus 
by a lens or mirror upon a piece of charcoal, 
which is thus heated to incandescence. 
In calorescence the atoms of the refractory body are 
caused to vibrate more rapidly than the waves which fall 
upon them. Tyndall, Light and Elect., p. 67. 
caloric (ka-lor'ik), a. and n. [= F. catorique, 
< L. color, heat : see color.] I. a. Pertaining 
to heat or the principle of heat. 
The velocity of an asteroid when it strikes the sun 
measures from 445,750 to 830,400 metres ; the caloric ef- 
fect of the percussion is consequently equal to from 27 
to 55 millions of degrees of heat. 
J. R. Mayer (trans.), in Grove's Corr. of Forces, p. 275. 
Caloric engine, a name given by Ericsson to his impn ived 
air-engine, to distinguish it from other air-engines on the 
same principle. The smaller motors of his design have 
been used to a considerable extent In situations where but 
little power has been required. The term caloric rii ; iiiu- 
has been popularly applied to hot-air C'IIKIIH-S as a class. 
See air-rnfiine. Caloric paradox. Sec x/ilirroidal state, 
under spheroidal. 
II. n. The name given to a supposed subtle 
imponderable fluid to which the sensation and 
