caloric 
phenomena of heat were formerly attributed; 
hence, heat. Sensible n<l insensible caloric, <>i> 
snlete terms fur >V;J.M/;/. and l<lt>-i,t Ixtll >rr A, n I 
caloricity (kiil-o-ris'i-ii), . [= V. caloricite, < 
rtiloritjue = K. caloric.] The power in animals 
of developing the quantity of heat necessary 
to life and to enable them to resist atmospheric 
cold, so as to preserve at all times and in every 
part an internal temperature nearly equal. 
caloriduct (ka-lor'i-dukt), . [< L. calor, heat, 
+ ductiM, a leading, < diiccri; lead. Cf. aque- 
duct, and see riiliilnct.] A tube or passage for 
conveying lieat. See riiliilnrl. 
calorie, . [F.] See calory. 
calorifacient (kal'o-ri-fa'shient), a. [< L. ca- 
lor, heat, + Jitririi(/-)x, jipr. "of fneere, make.] 
Heat-producing. Also calorijicient, calorijiant, 
and citlnritii'iit. 
calorifiant (kal*o-ri-fi'ant), a. [Also written 
calorifient; < L. color, heat, + P. -fiant, ppr. 
of -fier, E. -/, make.] Same as calorifacient. 
calorific (kal-o-rif'ik), a. [< L. calorificug. 
heat-producing, < calor, heat, + facer e, make.] 
Capable of producing heat ; causing heat ; heat- 
ing; calorifacient. 
We distinguish . . . the gravltative, luminlfcrous, and 
calorific properties of the sun. J. S. Mill, Logic. 
Broad golden-white day, with calorific beams, beating 
strongly upon us. Lathrop, Spanish Vistas, p. 166. 
Calorific rays, heat-rays. See heat and tpectrum, 
calorification (ka-lor'i-fi-ka'shon), . [= F. 
calorification, < L. calor, heat, + -flcare, <.facere, 
make. ] The production of heat, especially ani- 
mal heat. 
calorificient (kal'o-ri-fish'ient), a. Same as 
calorifacient. 
calorifics (kal-o-rif iks), n. [PL of calorific: 
see -ics.] The science of heating. 
calorifient (kal'o-ri-fi'ent), a. Same as calori- 
facicii' . 
calorimeter (kal-6-rim'e-ter), n. [< L. calor, 
heat, + metrum, ^ Gr. fitrpov, measure.] An 
apparatus for measuring the quantity of heat 
given off by a body under different conditions : 
used in determining the specific heat of differ- 
ent substances, the latent heat of fusion, ex- 
pansion, or vaporization, and the heat of com- 
bustion, or of chemical combination in general. 
In the ice-calorimeter the substance to be operated on is 
inclosed in a cavity of ice, and the quantity of heat is 
determined by observing the increase of volume due to 
the melting of a portion of the ice. In other forms the 
rise in temperature of a known quantity of gome liquid, as 
water or mercury, or the amount of expansion caused in a 
known volume of mercury, is noted. 
calorimetric, calorimetrical (kal*o-ri-met'rik, 
-ri-kal), a. Of or belonging to the calorimeter 
or to calorimetry. 
There are two methods of measuring the Intensity of a 
beam of light : 1. Catfirimelrical. ... 2. Photonietrical. 
A. Daniel', Prill. of Physics, p. 43. 
calorimetrically (kal*o-ri-met'ri-kal-i), adv. 
By means of the calorimeter; in accordance 
with the principles and methods of calorimetry. 
The total intensity of radiation may be measured calo- 
rimetrically. A. Vaniell, Prin. of Physics, p. 463. 
calorimetry (kal-o-rim'e-tri), n. [< calorime- 
ter.] The measurement of the quantity of 
heat in thermal units (see thermal and calory) 
which a body absorbs or gives out in passing 
through a certain range of temperature, or in 
changing its state (as in fusion or vaporization), 
or the heat which is produced by chemical 
combination ; the art or process of using the 
calorimeter. 
calorimotor (kal'o-ri-mo'tor), n. [< L. calor, 
heat, + motor, mo'ver: see motor.] A form of 
voltaic battery, consisting of one or more cells 
in wlu'ch the plates used are large, so that the 
internal resistance is very small. The current 
produced may have a low electromotive force while the 
quantity of electrical energy is large, and hence can pro. 
duce considerable heating effects in a short external cir- 
cuit. Hare's detlajrrator was an early form. 
calorist (kal'6-rist), . [< L. calor, heat. + 
-int.] One of tliose who upheld the theory that 
the sensation and phenomena of heat are at- 
tributable to a fluid called caloric. 
The theory of the ralori*ts, as those who held this \ lew 
were called, and called themselves, is now utterly dis- 
proved. Pop. ' 
771 
definitions, yet it I* practically assumed that the specific 
heat of water Is constant : so that If the calory were de- 
lined in lein,-,,( the degree from 20 Ui 21 , it would more 
accurately represent the meaning in use. Also spelled 
,vf/.,, ,,'. 
The Caloric Is equal to 41.593,010,000 ergs or 423.885 
kilogramme-metres. .1. linnirll, I'rin. of I'hyslcs, p. 317. 
Calosoma, Callosoma (kal-o-B6'mft), n. [NL., 
< Gr. Ka/.i{ t beautiful, + aijfta, body.] A large 
genus of beautiful adephagous i'/i/>trra, or 
carnivorous beetles, of tlie family I'arabidce. 
C. tycophanta, about an inch in length, is the largest and 
handsomest British Insect of the family. C. im/tii'nVor, 
calory (kal'6-ri), . [< F. calorie, < L. calor, 
heat.] In phys., the quantity of heat necessary 
to raise the temperature of a kilogram of water 
from to 1 centigrade, it is the unit of lieat 
ordinarily employed in calorimeti y liy modern ph\>ieKN, 
instead of the thermal unit based on tin- Kni:lish measures. 
(See 'fi.-i mat.) The small calory or thermal unit on the 
C. G. S. system is the heat rei|tlire<l to taise the tempera- 
ture of one gram of water from U I *'. Although this 
particular-degree of the scale is always specified in formal 
Rummaging (".round-beetle (Ca/afcma tcrtttatar}, with larva of 
C. calidttm. ( Natural sue. ) 
C. tenttator, anil C. calidum are other species of this 
widely distributed genus, commonly called gnund-beetlet. 
Also spelled Catlisotna. 
calote, n. Same as calotte. 
Calotermes (kal-o-ter'mez), n. [NL., < Gr. KO- 
Mf, beautiful, + L. termeg, tarmes, a wood- 
worm : see termes.] One of the principal genera 
of white ants or termites, of the family Termi- 
nate or isopterous Neuroptera. it contains both 
winged sexual individuals and apterous, fully developed, 
but sexually aborted individuals. C.JtamcoUu of south- 
ern Europe is an example. 
The nests of species of Calutenntx are the most incom- 
plete ; they only gnaw passages in wood, which mainly 
run in the direction of the axis of the tree. There Is no 
special place for the queen. Claug, Zo61. (trans.), p. 560. 
Calotropis (ka-lot'ro-pis), n. [NL. (in allusion 
to the keel of the flower), < Gr. na>.6c,, beautiful, 
+ r/joVff, a ship's keel, < rpentiv, turn.] A 
small genus of asclepiadaceous shrubs. The 
bark, which is known as mudar and yermm (names also 
given to the plants themselves). Is a medicine famous 
among Oriental physicians. It is employed In many dis- 
eases, especially in dysentery, as an alterative tonic and 
diaphoretic, and as a substitute for Ipecac. C. proccra 
ranges from India to the i'ape V'erd islands, and C. fffffttn- 
tea from India to Borneo and China. Tin- silky fiber of the 
latter is finer in quality, and is used for the robes of the 
native princes, for bowstrings, and for fishing-lines and 
-nets, as it is almost indestructible in water. The wood of 
both species is made into charcoal for gunpowder, the 
acrid milky juice mixed with salt Is used to remove hair 
from hides, and the hairs of the seeds are employed for 
stuffing mattresses. 
calotte (ka-lof), n. [< F. calotte, a skull-cap, 
dim. of OF. cale. a kind of little cap, > E. caul 1 , 
q. v.] 1. A plain skull-cap or coif of hair- 
cloth, satin, or other fabric, worn (a) by the 
Roman Catholic clergy to cover the tonsure 
when exposed to drafts; (6) in England, by 
serjeants-at-law on their wigs. 2. In armor 
and costume, that part of anvhead-dress which 
covers closely the crown of the head : as, the 
calotte of the helmet. 3. Anything having 
the form of a small cap, as the cap of a sword- 
hilt. 4. In arrh., a dome or cupola, or some- 
thing of similar form, as a cup-shaped ceiling, 
the head of au alcove, etc. 5. In oruitli., a 
hood or cap of color upon the top of a bird's 
head. 
Also written calote and callot. 
calottist (ka-lot'ist), n. [< F. calottiste, < ca- 
lotte : see def.] A member of a society which 
sprang up at Paris in the last years of the reign 
of Louis XIV., under the name of the Regi- 
ment de la Calotte: so called from the cap 
which formed the symbol of the society, it ex- 
ercised a satirical criticism by sending Its emblem ami 
other symbols and medals to those who made themselves 
in any way ridiculous, and had extended its operations to 
the highest ranks of society before It was suppressed. 
calotype (kal'o-tip), n. [< Gr. KO^OC, beautiful, 
+ rcrof, impression, type.] A photographic 
process devised by Fox Talbot about 1840, but 
not now in use. In this process a reflected Image is 
impressed on sensitized pajnr by exposure in a camera, 
developed t>y t'itllunitrate "t silver, and fixed by "~~ 
sulphite of soda. The paper used is prepared by 
caltrop 
saturated with Iodide of potassium and then washed with 
nitrate "I silver, ihiu forming an iodide of silver, which Is 
i i, dered very sensitive t" light by a wash of call 
und nitrate of silver. 
After due instructions, we seated ourselves at the open 
windows, More to sketch, and I to take a mental /- 
type of the view. Lowell, Fireside Travels, p. 257. 
calotypist (kal'o-ti-pint), n. [< calotype 4- -iff.] 
One who takes photographs by the calotype 
process. 
I imprint her fast 
on the void at last, 
As the sun does whom he will 
By the calotyput; skill 
/. . , . \|. M n-'. i 
caloyer (ka-loi'er), M. [< F. calouer = OBulg. 
kuliii/rrii, Bulg. kaloaer = Serv. kaluttjer = Riua. 
kalogeru = Alb. katojer, < LGr. KoXdyvpof , oW- 
jT^xjf, NGr. Koldytpor,, a monk, lit. good in old 
age, venerable, < Gr. KaMt, beautiful, good, + 
> '//>f, old age ; cf. ; ifxjv, NGr. ^'yf , an old man.] 
A monk of the Greek Church. See monk. 
calp (kalp), n. [Prob. of Ir. origin.] The local 
Irish designation of certain beds of shales, 
sandstones, and clays, containing thin, un- 
workable seams of coal. The calp belongs to 
the Lower Carboniferous series. See culm. 
calpa, . See kni]ni. 
calpac(kal'pak), n. [Armenian.] A large black 
cap of sheepskin worn by Armenians and Turks. 
calpar (kal'p&r), n. 1 1 ... a vessel for liquids. 
Cf. Gr. KiSXin?, an urn, KdJ.^if, a pitcher.] A 
form of large Roman jar. See do/turn. 
calpe 1 (kalp), n. [Gael, 'calpa, colpa, a cow or 
horse, calpach, colpach, a heifer, a steer, a colt.] 
A tribute, commonly a horse or cow, paid by a 
member of a Highland clan, or a vassal, to the 
chief, in return for his protection. 
Oalpe 2 (kal'pe), n. [NL., < Or. niAirn, an urn.] 
A genus of Noctuidoe, founded by Treitschke in 
IH25. The subfamily Calpidi was founded on this genus 
by Ouenee in I -11, and the family Calpidte by the same 
author In 1852. They have the body stout, not crested ; 
palpi long, ascending; second joint robust, pilose, the 
third usually short ; antenna- acuminate ; alxlomen hard- 
ly extending beyond hind wings ; hind tibta with long 
spurs ; and fore wings with interior border excavated and 
more or less dentate. 
Calpidae (kal'pi-de), . pi. [NL., < Cotoe* + 
-ill if.} A family of noctuid moths, named from 
the genus Calpe. (luenee, 1852. 
caique, r. t. See calk*. 
calsonst (kal'sonz), n. pi. [Also calsounds, cal- 
zoons; < F. calsons, now calecons, = NGr. KOA.T- 
&i'vtav, < It. calzoni, aug. of ral;a, a stocking, < 
L. calceas, a shoe.] Drawers; hose. 
They wear ... a smocke of callico . . . ; under this, a 
paii e of caltouiuU of the same, which reach to their ancles. 
Saiuiyt, Travels, p. 63. 
The better sort of that sex here wear linen drawers or 
caltoont. Sir T. Herbert, Travels In Africa, p. 115. 
calstokt, . See kafatock. 
caltetepon (kal-te-tep'on), . [Mex.] A name 
of the Mexican varanian or monitor lizard, He- 
loderma horridum, a venomous species. 
Caltha ( kitl't hji ), n. [< L. caltha, a plant, prob. 
pot-marigold, Calendula offidnalis; origin un- 
known.] A genus of ranunculaceous plants, 
with stout creeping root-stocks, flowers having 
showy yellow sepals but no petals, and fruit 
consisting of many-seeded pods in clusters. 
The species are marsh-herbs, found In the temperate and 
cold regions of both hemispheres, flowering In early spring. 
The common marsh-marigold, C. paluttru known in the 
United States as cinr*li]>*, is frequently useu as a pot-herb. 
calthropt, n. See caltrop. 
caltrap, . and r. See caltrop. 
caltrop, caltrap (kal'trop, -trap), n. [Also 
written calthrop, early mod. E. also caltrappe, 
caltroppe, calteroop, <"ME. caltrap, calletrappe, 
calketrappe, -treppe, kalkctrapfte, calcetrej>pe, a 
caltrop (def. 1), also a plant, sea-thistle (gloss- 
ed triiiiilim marinug saliunca), < AS. (as a plant- 
name) calfatrippe (glossed keraclea), contr. eol- 
tra>]>pe (glossed rnamnug, whin), = OF. cande- 
trap foT'caucetrn/K. F. chiiuMiir-trapr,* caltrop, 
star-thistle, = It. calcatrippa, star-thistle, < ML. 
calcatri/iim. ciilnitripn. i-nlcatrepii, also calcitri- 
pa, calfitraini. rnlnirippa, calatrinpa, a caltrop, 
also applied to several plants (> NL. ealcitrapa, 
applied to the star-thistle), supposed to stand 
for *calcitrappa, < L. coir 
(calc-), heel, + ML. trap- 
JM, a snare, of Tent, ori- 
gin, E. trapl. Of. ML. 
I'ulritrare, cause to stum- 
ble, in classical L. kick.] 
1. Formerly, a military 
instrument with four iron 
points disposed in such 
a manner that, three 
caltrop. of them being on the 
