Calvinism 
hU " Institutes," are his doctrine* of original sin, namely, 
that we derive front Adam " not only the punishment, hut 
also the pollution to which the punishment i- jn-lh hie 1 ; 
of free.l.iiii ..i t hr will, namely, that man "in In- i nt 
state is ile.pHilnl of in , .li, MI of will :m.l -iil.je.-t to a mi- 
cradle slavery " ; of grace, or that M tin- bird both ln-uin- 
ainl completes the Kood work ill u>. anil ^i\<s n- l.i.th 
will ami power'; of predestination, or "the i ternal .le- 
crce "I iJoil, liy which h,. ha- id termined in himself what 
lit- wouhi have lieeome of every hulividilal of mankind"; 
and ill perse \ IT: nice, in 1 tin' iliiri run- that all the elect w M] 
certainly lie saved. Calvinism has, however, IM-CII malei i 
ally modified since Calvin s day, and thr name is applied 
to modern systems of theology which diller mor,- .H u -- 
widely from IIH system in earh of these particulars. (See 
t'iili'i ni.-f i i ; n. Tally, Calvinism may In- said to rest upon 
the absolute sovereignty of (lod over all his creatm .-. 
It is in a modified form the theological system of most 
r.aptists, I'resbytcrians, anil CongregationalisU. 
If Arminiaiiisin iau-i rniiiinends itself to our feelings, 
Caloiiiixui is nearer to the fact*, however harsh and for- 
bidding these facts may seem. 
/'mm/.'. Short Studies on Great Subjects, II. 12. 
Calvinist (kal'vin-ist), n. [= F. Catviaiste: 
see Ciilriiiixui.] Primarily, an adherent of 
the theological systora of John Calvin, See 
Catriiiinm. The name is also given to theologians who 
hold the doctrine, of the IMvine Sovereignty as the- central 
truth of their system, but depart more or less widely from 
the conclusions of Calvin, particularly as regards uncondi- 
tional election and reprobation and free will. Strift Col- 
viiiixtH hold substantially the original views uf Calvin; 
hyper-CiUciiiitt* add some corollaries whieh lie denieii. 
including a denial of all validity to the use of human 
means; moderate Calriiiixt* modify his views, and hold 
that man possesses free will notwithstanding the fall, and 
that his responsibility ia limited to his voluntary acts. 
American Cougregatiomdists and the so-called New School 
Presbyterians are generally moderate Calvinists. 
Calvinistic (kal-vin-is'tik), a. Of or pertain- 
ing to Calvin, or to Calvinism. 
The most complete, interlinked, compact, and self-eon 
Bistent theology in the world is the Caivinintic. 
U. W. Bencher, Statement of Belief. 
Calvinistical (kal-vin-is'ti-kal), a. Same as 
' 'nlrinixtic. 
Calyinize (kal'vin-iz), v. t.; pret. and pp. Cal- 
vinized, ppr. Cnlvinizing. [< Calvin + -ize. See 
Calrinism.] To convert to Calvinism. 
calvish (ka'vish), a. [More prop, catfish; < 
cit/f 1 + -isA 1 .] Like a calf. Sheldon. 
calvities (kal-vish'i-ez), n. [L., baldness, < 
calvus, bald : see callow 1 .] Diffused or general 
baldness, appearing usually first on the crown, 
or on the forehead and temples. 
calvityt (kal'vi-ti), n. [< P. ealvitte, < L. calvi- 
ties.] Baldness; calvities. 
calvous (kal'vus), a. [< L. calfus, bald: see 
callow*.] Bald. 
calx 1 (kalks), n. ; pi. calxes or (as if L.) calces 
(kalk'sez, kal'sez). [< L. cate(plural 'calces not 
used), a small stone, a counter (> dim. calcu- 
lus, q. v.), limestone, lime (> AS. cealc, E. chalk, 
q. v.), prob. = Gr. x^< a small stone, lime- 
stone.] 1. Lime or chalk. 2. The ashy sub- 
stance which remains af f .er metals, minerals, 
etc., have been calcined. Metallic calxes are 
now generally called oxids. 3. Broken and 
refuse glass, which is restored to the pots. 
Calx chlorata r chlorlnata, chlorinated lime, a white 
powder obtained by exposing slaked lime to the action of 
chlorine gas until absorption ceases : used as a disinfec- 
tant and bleaching agent. Also called chlorid of' lime. 
calx 2 (kalks), n. : pi. calces (kal'sez). [L., the 
heel. Hence calcitrate, calcarl.] In anat., the 
heel: commonly used in the Latin genitive (cal- 
cis), as in os calcis, the heel-bone or calcaneum. 
calybite (kal'i-bit), n. [< Gr. na\vj)inK, living 
in a hut. < KaUiit/, a hut, cell, < KaMvrreiv, cover.] 
One of a class of early Christians who lived in 
huts. 
Oalycanthaceae (kal'i-kan-tha'se-e), w. vi. 
[NL., < Calycanthiui + -acew.] A natural order 
of dicotyledonous plants, allied both to the 
Magnoliftcea; and to the Soxacea: They are hardy 
shrubs, well known in gardens for the delirious fragrance 
of their blossoms. The order contains only two genera : 
Calitcaiittuix, of the I'nited States, and Chimonanthus, of 
Asia. See cut nniler <'<iht>;mthwi. 
calycanthemous (kai-i-kan'the-mns), a. [<NL. 
nili/fiintlirniitx. < Gr. /aMuf (KO/.I*-), calyx, + &v- 
Beftov, a flower. Cf. Gr. naMnavtiefiov (of same 
formation), a kind of honeysuckle.] In bot., 
having petal-like sepals. 
calycanthemy (kal-i-kan'the-mi), H. [< NL. 
'calycantheniia, < ciilycanthemiu: see calycon- 
tlii'moiix.] An abnormity of form in a flower, in 
which the calyx-lobes have become petaloid, 
as in some varieties of primrose. 
Oalycanthus (kal-i-kan'thus), n. [NL. (so called 
from t ho cup-shaped receptacle inclosing the pis- 
tils)^ (Jr. /iii/.iv; (i?.tv>-), a cup, + arftif, a flower.] 
The sweet shrub or Carolina allspice of the 
United States, an aromatic shrubby genus of 
four species, with luriil purple flowers which 
have the odor of strawberries. The bruised leaves 
Flowering branch of Catycan- 
IH 
tfttts Jtorutuj. 
773 
and bark are also fragrant. Tin- most common species, 
IK. in. nt in cultivation, U C. Jloridta. Also called ftrair- 
calycate (kal'i-kat), a. 
[( NL. i-tihfi-iitus, { L. 
cnli/j- (i-nlyr-), calyx.] In 
bot., provided with a 
calyx, 
calyces, . Plural of 
calyciferous (kul-i-Mf- 
o-rus), . [< L. riili/s 
I''"'.'/''-), calyx, + fern; 
= L. bear 1 , + -on* : see 
" ', calyx, and cf. caly- 
' In /ml. and 
:<><>!., bearing or sup- 
porting the calyx. Also 
caliciferoiu. 
Calyciflorae (ka-lis-i- 
fio r ie),n.pl. [NL.,fem. 
pi. of catyciflorus, < L. 
calyx (calyc-), calyx, + 
flox (./lor-), flower, corolla.] In De Candolle's 
classification, a subclass of polypetalous dico- 
tyledons, in which the corolla and stamens are 
inserted upon a disk which is coherent with the 
calyx, and which is sometimes, with the calyx, 
adnate to the ovary. Itincludesthe l^fguminosa; 
liosaceip, Saxifragacea;, and otherrelated orders, 
calycifloral (ka-lis-i-flo'ral), a. [As Calyctflora: 
+ -ill.] Same as calyciflorate. 
calyciflorate (ka-lis-i-flo'rat), . [< NL. calyci- 
Jtoratun : see Culycijlora:.] In liot., having the 
petals and sta- 
mens borne upon 
the calyx; specifi- 
cally, pertaining 
to the Calyciflora: 
calycifloi ous (ka- 
lU-i-tto'rus), a. [< 
NL. calycijtortu : 
see Calyciflora^.] 
Same as calyci- 
florate. 
calyciform (ka- 
lis'i-form), a. [< 
L. calyx (calyc-), calyx, + forma, shape.] In 
bot. and zoi'il., having the form of or resembling 
a calyx. 
calycinal (ka-lis'i-nal), a. Same as calycine. 
calycine (kal'i-sinj, a. [< L. calyx (calyc-), 
calyx, + -inc 1 .] 1. In bot., pertaining to a 
calyx; situated on a calyx. 2. In zoiil. : (a) 
Resembling the calyx of a plant, (b) Spe- 
cifically, in crinoids, of or pertaining to the 
calyx: as, calycine perisome Calycine pores, in 
crinoids, orifices of canaltculi which traverse the interradii 
of the perisome and place the cflclomatic cavity in com- 
munication with the exterior. 
calycle (kal'i-kl), . [< L. calyculus, dim. of 
calyx (calyc-), a calyx: see calyx, and cf. cali- 
cula.] 1. In bot., an outer accessory calyx, or 
set of leaflets or bracts looking like a calyx, as 
in the pink. Also called calyculus. 2. In zoiil., 
a calice or little calyx ; some part of a zoophyte 
like or likened to the calyx of a plant. Specifi- 
cally (a) In corals, the cup-ceil or corallite in which each 
Jn .1 ypit e or individual polyp of a polypidom is lodged, (b) 
n iljfdrozoa, the receptacle in which a polypitc is lodged, 
as in the calyptoblastie hydrozoan,* ; a hydrotheca. 
Also calice, calicle, and calycule. 
calycled (kal'i-kld), o. [< calycU + -ed*.] 
Same as caluculate. 
calycoid, calycoideous (kal'i-koid, kal-i-koi'- 
de-us), a. [\ Gr. *Ka?.vnoeidiftj contr. Ka).VKu&r]<;, 
Calycifto 
Section of peach-blossom, showing the 
anu pet 
throat of the calyx* 
like a budding flower, < wi/r; (KOJ'.VK-), calyx, + 
fjffoc, form.] In bot. and sool., like a calyx in 
form, color, or appearance. 
Calycophora (kal-i-kof'o-ra). n.pl. [NL., neut. 
pi. of calyco/>horus, < Or. K&W (KO/VK-), a calyx, 
-f- -<p6pof, -bearing, < fcpeiv = E. brar 1 .] An order 
or suborder of siphonophorous oceanic hydro- 
zoans, having a long stem with a somatocyst 
or body-sac at the proximal end, but no pneu- 
matophore. The Calyeophora are very delicate organ- 
isms of specially composite stnicture, and so transparent 
that they are rendered visible at a little distance only by 
their bright tints. They are mostly found floating orswfm- 
ming on the surface of tropical seas, trailing their long 
chain of appendages after them as they dart forward with 
a rhythmical movement according with the simultaneous 
contractions of the nectocalyces or swimming-hells with 
which they are provided. There are several families, of 
which IHi-liuiilii' and IHiipopodiida? are the leading ones. 
The Calyrophora constitute with the /*i/o;iAora the ub- 
>i<iiii<l>ham (which eX Also Calyeopkonda. 
Calycophora (kal-i-kof'o-re), n.pl. [NL.] 
' 
. and n. I. a. 
ora. 
calycophoran (knl-i-kof'6-ran), a 
Of or pertaining to the Calycophi 
Oalypte 
II. n. One of tin ' iil'/'-'i/iliora. 
calycophorid (kal-i-kof'o-rid), (i. One of the 
( 'aJycophoridQ . 
OalycophoridaB (kill i-ko-f(ir'i-.le), n./il. [XL. 1 
S;i lii' ;i^ ' ill ii<-iii>li"i '!. 
calycophorous (k.'tl-i-kof'o-rus), a. Of or per- 
t niiiiii^' lo til*- f 'iiliffiijtkora. 
Calycozoa (kal'i-ko-zo'ii), n. pi. fNL., pi. of 
rulyrii:iiiiii. < (ir. K<i'/i's (KH/IV-), a calyx, + 
an animal.] An order of digcophoroux hydro- 
zoans, the lucernarian acalephs: so called be- 
cause of their cup-shape, having the umbrella 
or disk without a velum, pediinculated aboral- 
l.v. a nd capable of attachment at the aboral pole. 
'I he> have toitr wide vascular IMHK lies with narrow septa, 
and eight tentai nllfcroiis processes around the edge of 
the umbrella, dividing it into as many lobe*, the genera- 
tive iiioiln.t-. being diseharu'ed into the body- cavity. There 
is but one family, ; a Iliese organisms ire of 
gelatinous consistency, variously colored, ai d seml-tnuu- 
parent ; when detached, they swim, like all mediuolds, by 
contraelions of the umbrella. They are regarded by some 
as the most generalized type of the claw. Lruflrart. See 
Litcrrnaria. 
calycozoan (kal'i-k9-zo'an), a. and n. I. a. 
Of or pertaining to the CwfetMOO. 
II. w. One of the Calycozoa. 
calycozoic (kal'i-ko-zolk), a. Of OP pertain- 
ing to the Ciil\jri>;iMI. 
calycozodn (kal'i-ko-zo'on), n. [NL., sing, of 
Calijci>:oa, q. v.] One of the Calycozoa. 
calycular (ka-lik'u-lilr), a. In bot. and zool., 
belonging to or of the nature of a calyele. 
calyculate, calyculated (ka-lik'u-lat, -la-ted), 
o. [< XL. calyculatiiK, < L. ciityculus, a calycle : 
see calyrlc.] 1. In bot., having bracts which 
resemble an additional external calyx. 2. In 
rod'/., having a calycle. 
Also calycled. 
calycule(kari-kul),H. [< calyculus, q.v.] Same 
as calycle. 
calyculus (ka-lik'u-lus), B.; pi. calyculi (-11). 
[L., dim. of calyx (calyc-), a calyx.] Same as 
calyclf, 1. 
Calymene (ka-lim'e-ne), . [XI,.. appar. in- 
tended to represent Gr. xtnaf.vfiftcvti, fern, of 
KeKal.i'/iunm;, pp. pass, of MI? iirre tv, cover, hide.] 
A genus of fossil trilobites found in the Si- 
lurian rocks. ('. bluntcnbarhi is known as the 
Dudley trilobite. Broitgniart, 1822. Also Ca- 
lifinena, 
Oalymenidae (kal-i-men'i-de), M. t>l. [NL., < 
Calymene + -itla:] A family of trilobites, named 
from the genus Calymene. 
Calymma (ka-lim'a), M. [NL., < Gr. laMv/ifia, a 
covering, as a hood, a veil, a net, the skull, a 
shell, etc., < KoP.rirrrtv, cover.] 1. A genus of 
noctuid moths. Hiibncr, 1816. 2. The typical 
genus of ctenophorans of the family Calynim ifte. 
Esclmcliolt;, 1829. 
Calymmidae (ka-lim'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Ca- 
lymma, 2, + -idce.~\ A family of lobate cteno- 
phorans. 
calymna (ka-lim'nii), M. [NL. Cf. Calymene, 
Calymma.] The principal part of the extra- 
capsular body of a radiolarian, a stnictureless, 
clear, and transparent jelly-envelop, which in- 
cludes the whole central capsule and often also 
the whole extracapsular skeleton. 
calyqnt, . [< MK. calioun, < OF. caillau, cail- 
lo, F. caillou, a pebble: see calliard.] Flint 
or pebble-stone, used in building walls, etc. 
I'lilxyrare; Prompt. Parr. 
calyphyomy (kal-i-fi'o-mi), n. [< Gr. (tri/itf, a 
calyx, + fieiv, grow.] In hot., the adhesion of 
the sepals of a flower to the petals. 
Calypso (ka-lip'so), n. [L., < Gr. Ka)tnji6, a 
name borne by several female personages in 
mythology, particularly by the nymph who held 
Ulysses (Odysseus) captive in her island on his 
return from Troy: traditionally so named from 
the story that she hid Ulysses from men, < i- 
/i ' --etv, hide.] 1. In bot., a genus of beauti- 
ful orchids, consisting of a single specio. ' . 
Imrealix, It is a small tuberou* plant found In high lati- 
tudes throughout the northern hemisphere, and Having 
only a single thin, many-nerved leaf, and a single varie- 
gated purple and yellow flower at the end of a sletidt r 
sheathing stem, with a large lip somewhat like that of the 
lady's slimier. Cyiirifiedium. It grows in cold bogs and 
wet woods, appearing as soon as the snow melts. 
2. In .-<)<<7. : (a) A genus of crustaceans. Kisso, 
1816. (6) A genus of chalcid hymenopterous 
insects, of the subfamily I'in-nina; founded by 
Haliday in 1841 : now called Euryophrys (which 
see). 
Calypte (ka-lip'te), . [NL., < Gr. Kat.varot, cov- 
ered, verbal adj. of ica/.iimiv, cover.] A subge- 
ims of humming-birds, the helmet hummers, 
having metallic scales on the crown as well 
