Calypte 
as on the throat, and the gorget prolonged into 
a ruff. Two species, C. anna; and (.'. coshe, in- 
habit Califor- 
nia and Mex- 
ico. 
calypter (ka- 
lip ' ter), n. 
Same as calyp- 
tra, 1. 
Calypteratae 
(ka-Iip-te-ra'- 
te), n. pi. See 
Calyptratte. 
calypteria . 
(kal-ip-te'ri- 
8,), n. pi. [NL., Helmet Humming-bird (Calyftt costtt}. 
u I 7 '-- f 
< Gr. 
/MOV, a covering, < na^mreiv, cover.] In ornith., 
tail-coverts ; the feathers, usually small, at the 
base of a bird's tail, underlying and overlying 
the rectrices. llliger; Sundevall. See covert. 
calypto-. [< Gr. /ia/tra-roY, covered, verbal adj. 
of Ka'M'-rrTciv, cover, hide.] An element in many 
compound words of Greek origin, meaning hid- 
den, covered; specifically, hooped: hidden by 
being invested or covered over with a calyptra 
or something like one : synonymous with crypto-, 
but more specific, crypto- denoting any mode of 
concealment. 
Calyptoblastea (ka-lip-to-blas'te-a), n. pi. 
[NL., < Gr. (coAim-roY, covered, + /jAao-rof, germ.] 
An order of permanently attached hydroid hy- 
drozoans, with a hydrif orm trophosome, and hy- 
drothecffi and gonangia. The polypites are united 
by a coanosarc, and arc invested with a chitinous polypary 
or perisarc. Synonymous with Campamilariae, 
calyptoblastic (ka-lip-to-blas'tik), a. [As 
Calyptoblast-ea + -ic.] Of or pertaining to the 
Calyptoblastea; having the generative buds in 
a capsule Calyptoblastic hydroids, those hydroids 
whose gonophores are covered with a gonotheca. They 
include the campanularian and sertularian hydroids and 
their allies, as distinguished from the tubularian hydroids. 
Calyptocephalus (ka-lip-to-sef'a-lus),M. [NL., 
< Gr. /caAtmrdf, covered, + KefyaM], head.] 1. A 
genus of toads, of the family Cystlgnathidce, 
having the skull most extensively ossified, the 
ossification involving the derm and overarch- 
ing the temporal fossse, whence the name. C. 
gayi, the type-form, is a large, green, web-foot- 
ed Chilian species. 2. In entom., a genus of 
lampyrid beetles, founded by Gray in 1832, hav- 
ing the head entirely covered by the prothorax, 
and from 3 to 10 bipectinate antennal joints. 
The few species, averaging about 10 millimeters in length, 
inhabit the tropical and subtropical regions of the new 
world ; one, C. bifarius, is found in the United States. 
calyptocrinid (ka-lip-to-kriu'id), n. A crinoid of 
the family Calyptocrinidce or Eitcalyptocrinidce. 
Calyptocrinidse (ka-lip-to-krin'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., abbr. of Eucalyptocrinidw.'] Same as -B?- 
calyptocrinidai. 
Calyptomena (kal-ip-tom'e-na), . [NL. (so 
called because their green plumage hides them 
in the foliage), < Gr. KaAixrTOfievr/, fern, of /ca/lu- 
TTT6/tevof, ppr. pass, of KO^VTTTUV, cover, hide.] A 
genus of birds, of the family Eurylcemidte. c. m- 
ridit, the only species, inhabits Java and Borneo. The 
genus is sometimes made the type of a subfamily Calypto- 
mf-niiwe. 
Calyptomera (ka-lip-to-me'rii), n. pi. [NL., < 
Gr. /caAvTiTof, covered, -t- [tr/poi;, thigh.] A divi- 
sion of cladocerous crustaceans, a suborder of 
Cladocera, having a well-developed shell in- 
cluding the limbs, and broad lamellar ambula- 
tory feet, not distinctly segmented: contrasted 
with Gymnomera. It contains such families as 
Daphniidie and Lynceidx. 
calyptomerous (ka-lip-to-me'rus), a. Of or 
pertaining to the Calyptomera. 
calyptopis (ka- lip 'to -pis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
KaAwrroc, covered, + lity, e y6) face.] The zoea- 
stage of a schizopodous crustacean, as in mem- 
bers of the genus Euphausia. Dana. 
Calyptorhynchus (ka-lip-t6-ring'kus),n. [NL., 
< Gr. - 
774 
The genus sometimes gives name to a subfamily Calypto- 
rhyndiiiux, including the genus Callocejilinlnn (which see). 
calyptra (ka-lip'tra), n. [NL., < Gr. nalvm-pa, 
a veil, < KcMirreiv, cover, hide.] 1. A hood; 
a covering; a lid. Specifically, in bot. : (a) The hood 
of the theca or capsule of mosses. It is the archegonium 
which has continued to grow and has been carried up by 
the elongation of the peduncle of the capsule. In liver- 
worts the archegonium is burst through by the growing 
peduncle, and remains at its base. (b) Any hood-like body 
connected with the organs of fructification in flowering 
plants. In Pileanthui it covers over the flower and is 
formed of united bracts ; in Eucalyptux and Eudeemia it 
is simply a lid or operculum to the stamens. Also called 
calypter. See cut in preceding column. 
2. [cap.'] In 2067. : (a) Same as Calyptrcea. (b) 
A genus of lepidopterous insects, (c) A genus 
of coslenterates. 
Calyptraea (kal-ip-tre ' a), n. [NL., < Gr. na- 
hi/wTpa, a veil, < naMmruv, cover.] The typical 
genus of the family Calyptrieidw, containing the 
i. Calyptraa (Trochita) radians. 2. Calyptraa dill-wynni. 
cup-and-saucer limpets. Lamarck, 1799. See 
also cut under limpet. 
calyptraeid (kal-ip-tre'id), n. A gastropod of 
the family Calyptrceulai. 
Calyptraeidae (kal-ip-tre'i-de), . pi. [NL., < 
Calyptrcea + -iffee.] A family of prosobranchi- 
ate gastropodous mollusks, including the bon- 
net-shells, chambered limpets, slipper-limpets, 
and cup-and-saucer limpets. 
Calyptratae (kal-ip-tra/te), n. pi. [NL., fern. 
pi. of ealyptratus, < Gr. Ka^inrrpa, a veil.] A 
division of the family MuseiAos, containing flies 
with tegulffi or membranous scales above the 
halteres: contrasted with Acalyptratce. Also 
Calypteratte. 
calyptrate (ka-lip'trat), a. [< calyptra + 
-atei.] 1. In tot., furnished with a calyptra, as 
a capsule or a flower ; resembling a calyptra, as 
a calyx that comes off like a lid or an extin- 
guisher. See cut under calyptra. 2. In zool., 
invested or covered with some part or organ 
like a calyptra or calyx; operculate. 
calyptriform (ka-lip'tri-form), a. [< NL. ca- 
lyptra, q. v., + it. forma, shape.] Having the 
form of a calyptra ; opercular. 
calyptrimorpnous (ka-lip-tri-mor'fus), a. [< 
Gr. KaTivirrpa, a veil, + /iop<j>>t, shape. ] Having 
the form of a hood or lid ; calyptriform. 
calyptrogen (ka-lip'tro-jen), n. [< Gr. irnkv- 
irrpa, a veil, cover, + -yevyf, producing: see 
-gen.'] In bot., the root-cap ; a series of large 
cells forming a cap-like covering for the ter- 
minal growing-point of a root. 
calyx (ka'liks), .; pi. calyxes, calyces (ka'lik- 
sez, kal'i-sez). [< L. calyx, pi. calyces, < Gr. 
f, pi. Ka^vKef, the cup of a flower, the calyx, 
a husk, seed-vessel, < Ko^tmretv, cover ; cf . nvAil;, 
a cup, and L. calix, a cup ( > E. calice and chalice, 
q. v.). In modern use the L. calyx, Gr. jca/bf, a 
calyx, and its derivatives, are often confused 
with L. calix, a cup, and its derivatives.] 1. 
In bot., in general, the outer set of the envelops 
which form the perianth of a flower, it is usually 
more herbaceous and leaf-like than the corolla, but it is 
often highly colored and corolla-like, and is sometimes the 
Calyptras. 
a, conical : b, dimidiate ; c, iiiitriform. 
covered, + 
piryxof, snout, 
beak, biU.] A 
genus of cocka- 
toos having the 
beak buried in 
the feathers, 
whence the 
name, it con- 
tains the black 
cockatoos or cocka- 
teels of Australia, 
such as C. bankxi, 
C. funereus, etc. 
Calyxes. 
n, ,i, 11, trisepalous calyx of Actaa ; b t gamosepalous calyx of 
Bryophyllum; c, c, bilabiate calyx afSalvia. 
first to fall. It may form the entire perianth, no corolla 
being present ; or when there are several whorls of envel- 
ops, they may so grade into each other that the calyx can- 
not be strictly separated from the bracts without and the 
petals within. The parts of a calyx when distinct are 
called sepals, and it is disepaloils, trisepalous, etc., ac- 
cording to their number. When they are more or less co- 
camaieu 
alescent into a cup or tube, it is said to be gamosepalous 
or monosepalous, and may l>e regular or irregular, or va- 
riously toothed, cleft, or divided, and either free from the 
ovary or adnate to it. 
2. In human anat., one of the cup-like or in- 
fundibuliform beginnings of the ureter in the 
pelvis of the kidney, surrounding the apices of 
the Malpighian pyramids, each receiving usu- 
ally more than one pyramid. There are from seven 
to thirteen such calyces, converging and uniting in three 
infundibula, which in turn combine to form the pelvis. 
[In this sense calyx is generally found in the plural form, 
cdlycex or (incorrectly) calices.} 
3. In zoiil. : (a) The cup at the base of the cil- 
iated tentacles on the lophophore or oral disk 
of polyzoans. See Plumatetta. (b) The pedi- 
cellated Graafian follicle, ovarian capsule, or 
ovisac of a bird, consisting of two membranes 
of lax tissue and blood-vessels, rupturing at a 
point called the stigma to discharge the ovum, 
then collapsing, and finally becoming absorbed, 
(c) In crinoids, the cup at the summit of the 
stalk or stem, whence the brachia radiate and 
on the surface of which is the mouth. The base 
of the calyx is the summit of the stem, which may be a 
modified joint or ossicle composed of confluent joints. See 
cut under Crinoidea. (d) In Sydrozoa, a genera- 
tive capsule developed in the axils of a branched 
hydroid stock, containing either medusa-buds 
or sexual organs, (e) Some other calyciform 
or cup-shaped part or organ of an animal. 
calzoonst, n. pi. See calsons. 
cam 1 (kam), n. [A dial, form of comfe 1 , < ME. 
camb, < AS. camb = D. kam = G. kamm = Dan. 
Sw. kam, etc., a comb; also applied to several 
mechanical devices, as D. kam, a bridge, sley, 
= G. kamm, a cog (kamm-rad, a cog-wheel), = 
Dan. kam, a cog, bit, ridge (kam-hjul, a cog- 
wheel): see cow&i.] 1. A comb. [Prov. Eng.] 
2. A ridge, hedge, or long earthen mound. 
[North. Eng.] 3. In mach., a device for con- 
verting a regular rotary motion into an irreg- 
ular, fast and slow, 
intermittent rota- 
ry or reciprocat- 
ing motion. It prop- 
erly includes the cam- 
wheel, plain or geared, 
the cam-shaft, the 
heart-wheel, the wip- 
er, the wiper-wheel, 
and the eccentric. The 
simplest form is that 
of a heart-shaped, 
lobe-shaped, or other- 
wise eccentric wheel, 
which imparts motion 
to another wheel either chinery to produce a regular ascent ar 
hv mpanR of epnrinff or descent of the rail on which the spindl 
ring or aresituated , ,. F orm of cam much used 
by rolling contact. In- in iron-works for setting in motion the 
Stead Of following the tilt-hammers. 
irregular face of the 
cam-wheel, the friction- wheel may travel in a curved race 
or guiding path on the side of a cam-disk, as in the cam- 
wheel of a harvester. In another form of cam the face of 
the wheel is cut into gears or into projecting teeth that 
may engage another gear, or an arm or a pinion upon a 
shaft, to give a quickly changing rising and falling motion. 
Such cams are also called wiper-wheels, and are used to 
operate stamps and tilt-hammers. The heart-wheel accom- 
plishes the same object, but in a less abrupt manner, while 
eccentric cams of various shapes may impart a slow thrust 
and quick return, as in many machine-tools. The wiper, 
a cam-shaped arm, is very generally used to operate the 
valves of beam-engines. The cam in some of its forms ap- 
peal's in a great variety of machines, wherever an irregu- 
lar speed or motion or a rapid reciprocating motion is 
required, as in the harvester, printing-press, sewing-ma- 
chine, etc. A cam-shaft is a shaft having tumblers or 
wipers. The heart-wheel is a heart-shaped cam. (See ec- 
centric.) Cams for determining motion for cutting and 
tracing, as in certain machines, are called shaper-plates. 
Solid cam, a form of cam employed when the series of 
changes in velocity and direction required are too numer- 
ous to be included in a single rotation of a cam-plate. The 
cam is formed on the surface of a cone, either parallel to 
the axis or spirally, and the cone as it revolves is made to 
travel also in the direction of its axis by means of a screw, 
cam'-'t (kam), a. [Also written kam; < W. Ir. 
Gael, cam, crooked. Cf. gaml),jamb.'] Crooked; 
bent or bending. Clean cam, wholly awry; entirely 
away from the purpose. 
This is clean kam. Shak., Cor., iii. 1. 
Cama, n. See Chama. 
Camacea (ka-ma'se-a), n. pi. See Chamacea. 
camaieu (kam'I-u)j >i. [Also written camayeu; 
< F. camateu = It. cammeo, > E. cameo, q. v.] 
1. A cameo. 2. In the arts: (a) A painting 
executed in a single color, varied only by shades, 
as of gray, when it is called en i/riatiillc, or in 
yellow, en cirage; a monochrome painting. (6) 
A painting in two or three tints, as of brown, 
red, yellow, or green, in which the natural hues 
of the objects represented are not rendered, 
(c) A species of printing with several blocks, 
of uniform tint, or of two or three pale tints, and 
tones of different degrees of intensity, which 
produces the effect of a stump- or pencil-draw- 
Cams. 
I. Elliptical cam, used for giving mo- 
tion to the levers of punching, and shear- 
ing-machines. 2. The heart-cam or 
heart-wheel, much used in cotton-ma- 
chinery to produce a regular ascent and 
