camaieu 
ing. ('/) An imitation of pen-and-ink drawings 
on colored paper by means of two blocks, one 
having the design engraved upon it in outline 
with cross-hatchings, and the other colored in 
bister, with all the lights taken out, so as to 
leave the ground of the paper white. The im- 
pression may be finished witli brush or pencil. 
Costume en camaieu I I'M. ;> cutum<: comixmed of 
' \ ' i ;il shades of MM- Kaine color. 
camail ( ka-i i ia 1 ' ), . [F. , a camail, also a head- 
dress worn liy priests in winter, < Pr. cajiintilli 
(= It. /iiiiini//ii> = Sp. /(iiiuil), < ni]i L. caput), 
head, + mii/lin = r . mnHIr, > K. IHI/'.) 1. A 
hood of chain-mail, whether attached to the 
hauberk or separate; specifically, that form 
775 
camass (ka-mas'), n. [Also written <,*, 
kiunax, and </ii<iinii.ili (q. v.), the native Amer. 
Lid. name.] The Indian name of the western 
Aperies of ' 'u niilsnill , ('. I si'illi n III and I', l.ili'lit- 
liiui, which are found growing iii moist meadows 
from northern California to British Columbia 
and eastward to western Montana. lu unllm are 
collected in large quantities for fool ; they are aliout an 
ini-h iii 'liain.'tiT. and are sweet and nutrition*.- Death 
camass, the JHMHOIIOIU root of Zygadtniu venenotru, of 
the same region. 
Camassia (ka-mas'i-ft), n. [NL., < camass, 
i/Kiiniiisli, q. v.] A genus of bulbous liliaceous 
plants of North America, nearly related to 
SVvV/rt of the old world. They have long linear leave* 
and a scape bearing a raceme of blue flowers. One spe- 
cies, C. fnueri. Is found In the Atlantic States, and there 
are two or three others west of the Rocky Mountains. 
See caiiuui. 
camass-rat (ka-mas'rat), n. A rodent quadru- 
ped of the family (ieomuidte and genus Thomn- 
mys (which see): so called from its fondness 
Camails, I4th century. 
( From Viollct-lc-Duc's " Diet, du Moblllcr fran^als." ) 
of hood which was attached to the edge of the 
basinet. See basinet. 2. A tippet or small 
mantle worn by some Roman Catholic clergy, 
with different edgings of fur to mark different 
ranks : sometimes confounded with the amice. 
Also called chap-de-mail. 
camailed (ka-mald'), a. [< camail + -erf 2 .] 
Furnished with a camail ; attached to a ca- 
mail : said of the steel cap to which the camail 
was fastened at its lower edge. 
camaillet, . A Middle English form of camel. 
camakt. caniakat, . Same as camoca. 
Camaldolite (ka-mal'do-lit), n. [< Camaldoli 
(see def.) + -ite 2 .] A member of a nearly ex- 
tinct fraternity of monks founded in the vale 
of Camaldoli in the Apennines, near Arezzo, in 
1018, by St. Romuald, a Benedictine monk. 
They were hermits at first, but afterward they associated 
in convents. They were originally distinguished for their 
extreme asceticism, their rules in regard to fasting, si- 
lence, and penances lieing most severe. They wear white 
robes. Also called Catiialdttlian, Camaldoleiwian, Carnal- 
iltiti'xi'. anil CuiaaMute. 
Camaldule, Camaldulian (ka-mal-dul', -du'- 
li-an), . Same as Camaldolite. 
camaraderie (kam-a-rad-re'), n. [F., < cama- 
rade. comrade: see comrade.} Companionship; 
good-fellowship ; intimacy. 
Unlimited camaraderie with scribblers and daubers, 
Hegelian philosophers and Hungarian pianists, waiting 
for engagements. //. James, Jr., Pass. Pilgrim, p. 226. 
camarage (kam'a-raj), n. [< Sp. camaraje, < 
camara, a storehouse, < L. camara, camera, a 
vault: see camera.] Rent paid for storage. 
Camarasaurus (kam ' a - ra - sa ' rus), n. [NL. , 
prop. "Vamarosaurus. < Gr. Ka/iApa, a vaulted 
chamber, + aavpof, a lizard.] A genus of colos- 
sal dinosaurian reptiles, from the Cretaceous 
formation of Dakota. The species C. upmmu is 
oiii 1 nf the largest known lund-unimalR, atmut 80 feet long, 
the thigh-l>one 6 feet, and a dorsal vertebra 3 feet wide. 
Both fore and hind limbs are well developed, and the huge 
reptile probably wandered along the shores or in shallow 
water, and was able to browse on the tops of trees. E. 
I). Cope, 1877. 
Camarata (kam-a-ra'ta), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi. 
of camaratus, var. of L. cameratus, vaulted, 
arched: see camerate.] A suborder proposed 
for such forms of palasocrinoids as have the 
lower arm-plates incorporated into the calyx 
by iuterradial plates, and in which all compo- 
nent parts of the test, dorsally and ventrally, 
are solidly connected by sutures. It comprises 
the families Platycrinidai, Khodocrinidai, Acro- 
criiiiiln', and Ciili/ittiirriiiidte. 
camarate (kam'a-rat), o. Pertaining to or hav- 
ing the characters of the Camarata. 
camara-wood (kam'a-rii-wud), . [< cumaru, 
the Braz. name, + E\ iroorf 1 .] A hard, tough, 
and durable wood obtained in Essequibo, Brit- 
ish Guiana, from l>i/itcri/j- odorata and/*, tetra- 
l>lti{U<>. See JH/ifrri/r. 
camarilla (kam-a-rira), w. [Sp., a small room, 
dim. of camara, a room, < L. camara, cann-ru. 
a vault: see camera, chamber.] A company 
of secret counselors or advisers; a cabal; a 
clique. From im'anini,' the jirivatr rliainlKT of the kiiik'. 
the wonl ramr tit si-nify a Ihxly uf courtiers, sycophants, 
prii-sts. rtr., acting a> imarrivilited anil secret counselors, 
as ilistinuiiisliril 1'ri'in a legitimate ministry or council. 
KiK'ireleii with a ilaii'4eroua camarilla. London Time*. 
Syn. KIC'MIII. .1 until, etc. See cabali. 
Camass-rat ( Tkmtomji la If aid,, 
for the bulbs of the camass. r. taluoutei, one of 
the pouched rats or pocket-gophers, inhabits the north- 
western United States and the adjoining portions of Brit- 
ish America. 
camata (kam'a-tji), n. The commercial name 
of the half-grown acorns of the Quercus -Egi- 
lops, dried and used for tanning. In a still 
younger condition they are called cama tina. 
camatina (kam-a-te'na), n. See camata. 
camaurum (ka-ma'rum), n. ; pi. camaura (-ra). 
[ML.] A conical cap worn by the popes of 
Rome in the tenth century ; an early form of 
the miter, perhaps the origin of the papal tiara. 
camayen, . See camaieu. 
cambarine (kam'ba-rin), a. [< Cambarus + 
-inc 1 .] Pertaining 'to crawfishes of the genus 
Cambarus: correlated with astacitte. 
The cambarine region takes in most of the Pahearctic 
region, with the Neotropical region as far as Guatemala 
and the West Indies, llialty, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 786. 
cambaroid (kam'ba-roid), a. [< Cambarus + 
-oid.'] Resembling crawfishes of the genus 
Cambarus. 
Cambarus (kam'ba-rus), n. [NL., var. of L. 
cammarus, camarus, also gammarus, a sea-crab : 
see Gammons.] A genus of fluviatile craw- 
fishes, of the family Astacida, having no pleuro- 
branchiee. The species are numerous. C. pellucidtu is 
the blind crawfish of the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky. 
cambaye (kam-ba'), n. [Named from Cambaij 
in India.] A kind of cotton cloth made in Ben- 
gal and elsewhere in India. 
Cambay stone. See cornelian. 
cambee (kam'be), n. An aromatic resin of In- 
dia, obtained from Gardenia lucida and resem- 
bling elemi. 
camber 1 (kam'ber), . [E. dial. (cf. Gael, ca- 
mag, a bay: see cammocfc 2 ) ; ult. < cam 2 , bent.] 
A harbor. Balliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
camber 2 (kam'ber), v. t. [< F. cambrer, arch, 
vault, bend, < L. camerare, arch, < camera, an 
arch, vault. Cf. chamber, r.] To arch; bend; 
curve, as ship-planks. 
camber 2 (kam'ber), . [< camber*, c.] 1. A 
convexity upon an upper surface, as of a deck 
amidships, a bridge, a beam, or a lintel. 2. 
The curve of a ship's plank. 3. A small dock 
or part of a dock, protected by a breakwater, 
where boats and small craft may lie quietly. 
camber-beam (kam'ber-bem), n. In area., a 
beam which is laid upon the straining-beam of 
a truncated roof to support the covering of the 
summit. It slopes from the middle toward each 
end, to provide for the running off of water. 
/:. //. Knight. 
cambered (kam'berd), p. a. [< camber 2 + -erf 2 .] 
Bent upward in the middle ; arched; convex. 
Cambered deck. See rf*. 
cambering (kam'ber-ing), v. a. [Ppr. of cam- 
/"T-. i'.] Bending; arched. 
cambering-m.acb.ine (kam'ber-ing-ma-shen'), 
. A machine used for bending beams or iron 
rails to a curve in a vertical plane. 
camber-keeled (karn'ber-keld). a. Having a 
keel slightlv arched upward in the middle of 
the length, but not so much as to be hogged. 
cambric 
camber-slip kam'ber -slip), n. A slightly 
i-urvi-d irmcli' :nul support of wood, used as a 
centering in laying straight arches of brick. 
Camberwell beauty. s.-e hnntii/. 
camber-window i kam'iier-win'do), . A win- 
dow arched at the top. 
cambial 1 (kam'bi-al), a. [< ML. cniiiliiiilix, < 
i-iiniiiiiini. i . \chaiige": see cambium 1 .] Relating 
to exchange in commerce. [Uare.J 
cambial 2 (kam'bi-al), n. [< cam hi inn- + -<il.\ 
In '"'.. formed of or pertaining to cambium. 
cambiale (kam-bi-a'le), n. [It., < ML. c<imbi<ili*. 
of exchange: see cambial 1 .'] A bill of ex- 
change. 
cambiform (kam'bi-fdrm), a. [< cambium 2 + 
L. forma, shape.] In hot., resembling cambium- 
ceils. Applied to elongated thin-walled cell* which are 
found In sieve-tissue, and have the markings but not the 
ptTforatloni of sieve-disks. They are also known a* lat- 
ticed cell*. 
cambio (kam'bi-6), n. fSp., < ML. cambium. 
exchange: see cambium^?] 1. Barter; the giv- 
ing or taking of bills of exchange. 2. A bill 
of exchange. 3. A bourse or exchange. 
cambist (kam'bist), n. K F. cambiste, < It. 
cambista = Sp. cambista, < L. cambire, exchange, 
trade: see change.] One versed in the opera- 
tions of exchange and the value of foreign 
moneys; a dealer in notes and bills of ex- 
change. 
The word cambist, though a term of antiquity, U even 
now a technical word of some use among merchant trad* 
ers and bankers. fieet, CYC. 
cambistry (kam'bis-tri), n. [< cambist + -ry.] 
The science of exchange, weights, measures, 
etc. 
cambium 1 (kam'bi-um), n. [ML., also cambia, 
exchange, commerce, < L. cambirc, exchange, 
whence ult. E. change : see change.] In riri/ lav, 
exchange ; the exchange of lands, money, or 
evidences of debt. 
cambium 2 (kam'bi-um), n. [NL., a particular 
application of ML. cambium, exchange: see 
cambium 1 .] 1. In bot.. a layer of tissue formed 
between the wood and the bark of exogenous 
plants. It was believed by the older botanist* to be a 
mucilaginous fluid exuded l>etween the wood and the bark, 
and organized Into new wood and new bark. It is now 
known to lie not a fluid, but a layer of extremely delicate 
thin-walled cells, filled with protoplasm and organizable 
nutrient matter, and appearing like a thin fllm of mucilage. 
These cells develop on the one side into a layer of new 
wood, and on the other of new bark, while at the same 
time fresh cambium is formed for the continuation of the 
work. It is by the renewal of this process year after year 
that the increase of growth in the stem is effected, as In- 
dicated by its concentric rings. In the primary flbrovas- 
cular bundles of the stem a similar layer of cambium, with 
the same function, is always found between the woody 
and cribrose portions. 
2t. A name formerly given to a fancied nutri- 
tious humor whjch was supposed to repair the 
materials of which the body is composed. 
camblett, Same as camlet. 
camboge (karn-boj' or -bsj'), n. Same as gam- 
boge. 
cambokt, n. A Middle English form of cam- 
mock 2 . 
camboose (kam-boV), n. Same as caboose. 
cambrai (kam'bra), n. [< F. Cambrai: Ma 
cambric.] A name given to imitation lace, that 
is, lace made by machinery and not by hand. 
cambrasine (kam'bra-zen), n. [< F. cambresine. 
Cf. ruiii/ii-ir.] A name given to batiste and 
cambric of fine quality. 
Cambray stone, moss-agate. 
cambrel (kam'brel), n. Same as gambrel. 
Cambrian (kam'bri-au), a. and n. [< Cam- 
bria + -an.] I. a. Relating or pertaining to 
Wales or Cambria ; Welsh. 
The Cambrian mountains, like far clouds, 
That skirt the blue horizon, dusky rise. Thoimm. 
Cambrian group, in geol., the name originally given by 
.Sedgwick to certain strata supposed by him to underlie 
the Silurian of Murchison, but which since that time have 
been fully recognized as lielonglng to the Silurian serin 
itself. The term, although not recognized by the Silu- 
rian specialist* Barrande and James Hall. IB still used to 
a considerable extent by English geologists as Including 
various undetermined portions of the Silurian. By the 
larger numlwr it is understood to be the equivalent of 
the primordial rocks of Barrande and the Poudam sand- 
stone of the New York geological survey. Cambrian 
pottery, a name given to the productions of the factor)' 
of Swansea In Wales, established in 1790. The mark was 
a trident. 
n. . A Welshman. 
cambric (kam'brik), n. [Early mod. E. cam- 
brick, camerick; = Flem. kameryk, kameryks- 
doek, cambric (cf. D. kamerdoek = G. kammer- 
tuch = Dan. kammerdug = 8w. kammarduk 
(Flem. D. doek = Q. tuch, etc.,= E. duck*, cloth), 
cambric), = Sp. cambrai/ = Pg. cambraia = It. 
