cammock 
2. The game played with such a club; hockey 
or shinny. 
cammocky (kuin'ok-i), . [E. dial., < <//</ ' 
+ -y 1 .] Like or due to cammock; having a 
disagreeable goat-like smell : applied to cheese, 
from the notion thai this smell is duo to the 
COWM eating cammock. [South. Eng.] 
camocat, camacat, [J1K. <,>. r<niun<ik<i. 
< ML. catmint, fiiMiic.a, OF. camocas, MGr. w/- 
//ou^df.] A tliiek silk fabric, the name of which 
first appears in the I'ourtcfnlli century. It wa.-, 
used in tin- manufacture o( armor (sueli as the gamlieson), 
for church vestments (in wliirh CUM- "bite catnoca is 
especially mentioned), fur civic robe*, and for l>cd-hang- 
ings. 
M> mvut lied of blue cainnkn with ynHins. also another 
Uil nt i-iiiniiku slrijieil with white anil Mack. 
Will ill l.nril Umpeiurr (13T. r >), quoted In Rock. 
camomile, chamomile (kam'o-mil), n. [The 
spelling chamomilf is recent, and in imitation 
of the Latin ; early mod. E. camomil, eamamel 
(E. dial, camil), < ME. camamyle, camniiiilli , 
en ni omiille = D. MHG. G. kamilte = Dan. kamillc 
(-blomst) = Sw. kamill (-bloinma), < OF. cama- 
millc, F. eamomille = Pr. It. eamomilla = 8p. 
camontila = Pg. camomelc, < ML. eamamilla, 
eamomilla, < L. chamomilla and prop, ehamceme- 
lon, < Gr. x a f ai - 
ptfiav, lit. earth- 
apple (from the 
apple-like smell 
of the flower), 
< Xapai, on the 
earth (= L. 
tin mi see /'"//< 
6(V> 2 ), + flfflaOV, 
an apple, = L. 
niiiliiiii. Cf. cArt- 
e(0.] The 
common name 
of Anthewix no- 
bilis, a low 
creeping com- 
posite plant of 
Europe, with 
strongly scent- 
ed foliage, 
which has long 
been in culti- 
vation and of 
popular repute 
as a bitter sto- 
machic and ton- 
ic. The camomile- 
Howers of commerce are the product of a cultivated double 
variety, known as the garden or Roman camomile. The 
single form is distinguished as Scotch camvmilf. It was 
formerly imagined that the more the plant was trodden 
upon the more luxuriantly it grew, and this was a favorite 
subject of allusion in ancient writers. The corn- or neld- 
camomlle, Anthemin arvenxit, is sparingly naturalized in 
the United States. The dog's or stinking camomile, A. 
Cotttta, is more usually known as MoyiMM. The yellow 
camomile. A, tinctoria, with yellow-rayed flowers, Is some- 
times cultivated for ornament and yields a yellow dye. 
The German camomile of trade consists of the flower-heads 
of Matricaria ChainomiUa, Wild camomile Is the fever- 
few. 
For though the camomile, the more It Is trodden the 
faster it grows, yet youth, the more it is wasted, the sooner 
It wears. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., ii. 4. 
canioocht, . [Also camouccio, used in the same 
sense, appar. repr. It. camoscio, a chamois, wild 
rt (see chamois), perhaps affected in K. use 
It. camuso, a person with a flat nose: see 
cantons.] A term of abuse equivalent to goat 
(see etymology). 
Whoever says you have a black eye, is a camooch. 
MiitdUton, Blurt, Master-Constable, t 2. 
Speak not ; I will not hear thee : away, camm 
13. Jonxon, Every Man out of his Humour, v. 3. 
Camorra (ka-mor'S), . [It. ; cf. obs. It. "ca- 
murra, an Irish rugge, also an upper cassock," 
"camorro, a woman's frock" (Florio), now ca- 
morro, an ugly person (applied to a woman).] 
A secret organization formed in the kingdom 
of Naples under the Bourbon government, 
first publicly known about 1820, partly political 
and partly of the nature of a standing vigilance 
committee, which exercised great power at 
times among the lower classes, settling disputes 
and acting as referee, punishing real or imagi- 
nary crimes, and exacting payment for all such 
services. It became guilty of many violent acts in the 
interest of private vengeance or avarice. Although for 
imlitiral ivasons tolerated under Ferdinand II. (1830-59), 
it was attacked l>y the government of Francis II., in re- 
venue for wliieh it united with tile opponents of the Bour- 
I'on- ami aided in the overthrow of tluit dynasty. At 
present ttir nr-ani/atinn is out of fuvor. and. though re- 
taining a nominal existence, ift of no importance as a tody. 
Camorrism (ka-mor'i/'.nO, . [< Camorrn + 
-I'.VHI."] The system and mode of action of the 
Camomile (Anlhtmis 
779 
Camorra; hence, organized mob-law; system- 
atic' rejection or abrogation of the regular forms 
of law. 
Camorrist (ka-mor'ist), . [< It. camorrista: 
see Catiinrra.] A member of the ('amorm; one 
who favors the principles or practises the meth- 
ods of the Camorra. 
camoucciot, Sec camooch. 
camouche, . Same as /,</////. 
camouflet (F. pron. ka-mo'na), n. [F., smoke 
puffed into a sleeper's face; origin unknown.] 
Milit., a mine with a charge so small as not to 
produce any crater when exploded. Such a mine is 
often sunk In'the wall of earth between two parallel gal- 
leries, in order, by blowing the earth into one of them, to 
suffocate or cut off the retreat of the miner who in at work 
in it. When used for this purpose it in also called arti/fer. 
camoust, camust, a. [Early mod. E. also ca- 
moys, < ME. camois, camoys, < OF. camus, F. ca- 
mus = Pr. camus, camusat = It. camuso, camo- 
scio, flat-nosed. Cf. E. dial, and ME. cammed, 
So. camow-nosed, cam-noged, flat-nosed, nil. con- 
nected with cam 3 , q. v.] Depressed; flat; 
crooked: said only of the nose. 
Round was his face and tamoit was his note. 
Chaucer, Reeve's Tale, I. 14. 
camousedt, camusedt, a. [< camous, camus, + 
-ed 2 .] Same as camous. 
And though my nase be cammed, my lips thick, 
And my chin bristled, Pan, great Pan, was such. 
/;. JoruoH, Sad Shepherd, II. 1. 
camouslyt, adv. Awry. Skelton. 
camoyst, o. Same as camous. Sir T. Browne. 
camp ' t (kamp), n. [< ME. camp, comp, battle, 
couflict (cf. campynge, foot-ball), < AS. camp, 
comp, battle, conflict, = OFries. kamp, komp 
= D. kamp = MLG. kamp = OHG. camp, 
kamph, champ/, MHG. G. kamp/, a fight, battle, 
esp. in older use, of a fight between two, = 
Sw. Dan. kamp, battle, conflict, = Icel. kapp 
(assimilated from "kmtip), contest, zeal, eager- 
ness, vehemence, a race (cf. ODan. kap, zeal, 
now only in the phrase om kap, in competition) ; 
regarded by some as an orig. Teut. word, but 
prob. < L. campus, a field, a plain, later some- 
times a battle-field, in ML. also a camp, battle : 
see comp 2 .] 1. Conflict; battle. 
Alle the kene inene of kampe, knyghtes and other. 
Marie Arthure (E. E. T. 8.), L 3702. 
2. An English form of the game of foot-ball. 
It was played by two parties of twelve men, ranged in 
two lines 120 yards apart. A ball was laid in the middle, 
and on a given signal each party rushed forward to kick 
or throw it to the opposite goal. 
camp 1 (kamp), v. i. [< ME. campen, < AS. 
campion (= OFries. kampa, kempa = D. kam- 
pen = OHG. cluimfan, chemfan, MHG. fcm/i- 
J'en, G. kampfen = Dan. ka*mpc = Sw. la'impa), 
fight, contend, < camp, a conflict : see the noun. 
In def. 2, cf. freq. cample.] \. To fight; con- 
tend in battle or in any kind of contest ; hence, 
to strive with others in doing anything. 2. To 
wrangle ; argue. [Obs. or dial, in both senses.] 
3. To play at the game of camp. Tusser. 
camp 2 (kamp), H. [< P. camp, a camp, for- 
merly also a field, a parallel form to champ, a 
field, = Pr. camp = Sp. Pg. It. campo, < L. 
campus, a field, a plain, a place of action, in 
ML. also a camp, a battle, = Gr. M/JTOC, Dor. K<5- 
rof, a garden, orchard, plantation: see camp 1 .'] 
1. A place where an army or other body of 
a 
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Typical Plan of Roman Camp. 
A, praetorium ; A ', quarstor and prefects; .-*'. tribunal, etc.: ft, 
tribunes : C. forum ; D. K, F. legionaries ( Triarii. Prindpes, and 
II.ist.iti ; t;, cavalry; //. /, allies, foot and horse; J. auxiliary 
troops : A", picked cohorts ; /,, special or extraordinary cohorts; M, 
s)vi i tl "T extraordinary squadrons of horse: .V. Decuman eate; O. 
pnetorian gate: /*. porta prittdpatti ilcxtra: Q. porta prindpalis si- 
nistra ; i. a, 3. 4. first, second, third, and fourth legions ; 5. 6, right and 
left wings. 
campaign 
men in or has been encamped; the collection 
of trnts or other temporary structures for 
the accommodation of a number of men, par- 
ticularly troops in a temporary station ; an en- 
campment. When an army in the Held Is to remain 
for some time at a particular spot. It may be stationed In 
an intrenched camp, surrounded by earthworks, redoubta, 
t tr. \ X''"' 1 ' ''""</' '- an eneanipinent "ceupifd for a 
very brief period. The camps of the ancient Roman 
Holdirm, even though fr a stay of only a night, 
the Intrenched eliuw, customarily In the sh|ie of a rec- 
tangle mi-rounded by a foa (/MM), with a stake-faced 
embankment (tUum) on the innidc. In the typical 
Roman camp there were four gates), one at each aide and 
one at each end, and the Interior was divided into 
streets. The broadest street, 100 feet wide, ran between 
the side gates. The other streets, 60 feet wide, ran at 
right angles to tills from end to end of the camp. A 
camp ofuutruction Ii a camp formed for the reception of 
troops who are aent to lie trained in maneuvering In Urge 
bodies and in campaigning duties in general. There are 
permanent camps of this kind at Aldcnhot In England, and 
at Chaliins-siir-Manie In France. 
2. A body of troops or other persons encamp- 
ing together ; an army with its camp-equipment. 
For I shall sutler be 
Unto the camv, and profits will accrue. 
Shot., Hen. V., II. 1. 
The whole had the appearance of a splendid court 
rather than of a military armament ; and In this situa- 
tion, carrying more show than real force with it, the 
camp arrived at Bernice. Hume, Hist. Eng., V. 318. 
3. In British agri., a heap of turnips, potatoes, 
or other roots laid up in a trench ana thickly 
covered with straw and earth for preservation 
through the winter. In some places called a 
pit, in others a bury. TO break camp. Kee break. 
camp 2 (kamp), r. [< camp 3 , n.~] i. tram. 1. 
To put into or lodge in a camp, as an army ; en- 
camp. [Kare.] 2. To afford camping-ground 
for; afford rest or lodging to. [Bare.] 
Had our great palace the capacity 
To camp this host, we all would sup together. 
Shak., A. and C., IT. 8. 
3. To bury in pits, as potatoes ; pit. London. 
[Local, Eng.] 
II. intranx. I. To establish or make a camp; 
go into camp: sometimes with down. 2. To 
live in a camp, as an army : as, we camped there 
three days. 3. To live temporarily in a tent 
or tents or in rude places of shelter, as for health 
or pleasure : generally with out. 
camp 3 t. . [< L. campa, canijie, < Gr. nAfnrt/, a 
caterpillar.] A caterpillar. K. Phillips, 1706. 
campable (kam'pa-bl), a. [K. dial., appar. a 
perversion of capable.} Able to do. Grose. 
[North. Eng.] 
campagi, . Plural of campagus. 
campagnol (kam-pa-nyol'), n. [F. (= It. cam- 
pagnuolo), < campagne = It. campagna, a field, 
open country: see campaign.] A French name 
01 various species of field-mice or voles, as Ar- 
vicola arralis and A. agrestis; hence, any vole 
or meadow-mouse of the subfamily Arvicolina;, 
family Murula'. 
campagus (kam'pa-gus), n. ; pi. campagi (-ji). 
[LL., perhaps < L. campus, a field : see ci;> 2 .] 
In Horn, antitj., a low shoe or slipper covering 
the toes, having the heel-piece carried around 
on each side nearly to the ankle-bone, but leav- 
ing the instep and the sides of the foot un- 
covered, and secured on the foot by ribbons 
or straps. It was peculiar to the wealthy and 
official classes. 
campaign (kam-pan'), n. [< P. campaigne, now 
campagne (assibilated champai/nr. > E. cham- 
paign), an open field, a military campaign, = 
Bp. eampatta = Pg. campanha = It. campagna,^ 
ML. campania, a level country, in classical L. 
used only as the name of the level country near 
Naples, Campania, now Campagna (Campanus, 
of Campania, a Campaniau), < "rampaiiux (LL. 
campaneus or campanius), of a field, < campus, 
afield: see fnwyA] If. An open field; a large 
open plain. Now champaign. 2. The opera- 
tions of an army during one season, or in a defi- 
nite enterprise: as, the Vicksburg campaign. 
3. Continued or sustained aggressive opera- 
tions directed to the accomplishment of some 
particular object : as, the temperance campaign; 
especially, in U. S. politic*, organized action in 
influencing voters in an election, etc. : as, the 
last presidential campaign. 
We should get those amendments out of the way before 
we strike out for the summer campaign. 
Boicltn, Letter to U. L Dawes, Feb. 16, 1867. 
4. In metal., the time during which a furnace 
remains in operation without stoppage Cam- 
paign wig. See viy. 
campaign (kara-pan'), e. i. [< campaign, n.] 
To serve in a campaign. 
The officers who campaigned in the late rebellion. 
Sir R.M<ugnm, Irish Rebellion, p. . 
