campaigne 
campaigne (kam-pan'), . [Prop. *campane, < 
F. campane, a bell, a fringe, tuft, etc. : see cam- 
pane.] A narrow kind of pillow-lace, used es- 
pecially as an edging to broader laces. 
campaigner (kam-pa'ner), . [< campaign + 
-er 1 .] One who is or lias been in active service 
in a campaign or campaigns. 
Both horse and rider were old campaigners, and stood 
without moving a muscle. Smollett, Humphrey Clinker. 
The plain before the town was full of tents, and, long 
before the town or the tents were within sight, tile sight 
of actual campaigners gave a keen feeling of what was 
going on. E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 265. 
campana (kam-pa'na), n. [= F. campane = 
Pr. Sp. It. campana, < ML. campana, a bell.] 
1. Eccles., a church-bell. 2. A. bell-like dish 
or cover used in making sulphuric acid. 3. In 
bot., the pasque-flower, Anemone 1'ulsatilla. 
Campana here he crops. Drayton, Polyolbion, xiii. 227. 
campanal (kam-pa'nal), a. [< "campana for 
Campanula + -al.] Related to the Campanti- 
lacea; : applied by Lindley to one of the largest 
of his alliances of plants, of which the bell worts 
may be regarded as the type. 
campane (kam-pan'), n. [F. campane, a bell, 
tuft, fringe, etc. : see campana.'] In her., a bell. 
campaned (kam-pand'), a. [< campane + -ed%.] 
In her., bearing campanes or bells. 
campanero (kam-pa-ne'ro), n. [Sp.,abellman, 
< campana, a bell: see campana.] A Spanish 
name of the South American bell-birds, as the 
arapunga and others of the genus C'hasmorhi/n- 
chus : so called from the bell-like sound of their 
voice. See arapunga. 
campaniat (kam-pa'ni-a), n. [ML. : see cam- 
paign.] A large open plain ; a champaign. 
In vast campaniati there are few cities. Sir W. Temple. 
Forerunners of that great day of battle ; which shall, 
like light horsemen, scour the campania. 
Jar. Taylor, Works, I. 371. 
Campanian (kam-pa'ni-an), a. and n. [< L. 
Campania (see campaign, n.) + -an.] I. a. 
Belonging to or 
characteristic of 
Campania, an an- 
cient province of 
southern Italy, in- 
cluding the Nea- 
politan plain. 
II. . A native 
or an inhabitant of 
Campania. 
campaniform 
(kam-pan'i-f6rm), 
a. [< NL. campaiii- 
formis, < ML. cam- 
pana, a bell, + 
L. forma, shape.] 
Having the shape 
of a bell; campan- 
ulate; bell-shaped. 
Also campaniliform. 
campanile (kam- 
pa-ne'le), . ; pi. 
campaniles, campa- 
nili (-lez, -li). [It., 
= Sp. Pg. campanil 
= F. campanile, < 
ML. campanile, < 
campana, a bell : 
see campana.] In 
arch., a bell-tower; especially, in some parts 
of Italy, a detached building erected for the 
purpose of containing bells ; also, in the Renais- 
sance style, a particular form of bell-turret, 
such as the two western towers of St. Paul's 
cathedral in London, St. Peter's and the Pan- 
theon in Rome, etc. Many of the campaniles of Italy 
are lofty and magnificent structures ; that in Cremona is 
395 feet high, and that in Florence, designed by Giotto 
early in the fourteenth century for the cathedral of Santa 
Maria del Fiore, is the most perfect work of the Pointed 
style in Italy. 
campaniliform (kam-pa-nil'i-form), a. Same 
as campanifnrm. 
campanologist (kam-pa-nol'o-jist), n. [< cam- 
panology + -ist.] One skilled in the art of 
campanology. 
campanology (kam-pa-nol'o-ii), . [< ML. 
campana, a bell, + Of. -toyfa, < teyuv, speak: 
see -ology.] 1. The art or the principles of 
bell-founding, bell-ringing, etc. 
The enthusiastic notices which the London papers give 
of the casting of a new big bell for St. Paul's may justify 
the publication here of a few notes on the subject of cam- 
panologi/. Philadelphia Record, Jan. 14, 1882, p. 8. 
2 A treatise on this art. 
Campanula (kam-pan'u-la), n. [ML., dim. of 
campana, a bell; from the form of the corolla. 
Flowering Branch of Can 
in,/:, Mrdium. 
780 
Cf. campana, pasque-flower.] 1. A large ge- 
nus of plants, which gives its name to the 
natural order Canipa- 
nulaeete; the bell-flow- 
er genus. The species are 
herbaceous plants, with bell- 
shaped flowers usually of a 
white or blue color. The 
most common and best- 
known wild species is the 
delicate harebell, C. rotun- 
i/i'i'iJi'ri, the bluebell of 
Scotland, which is found 
growing in rocky places 
around the globe in the 
northern temperate and arc- 
tic zones. Many species are 
cultivated for their showy 
flowers, the most frequent 
In-ill- C. Medium, known as 
canterbury-hells. C. Ranun- 
culus is frequently cultivat- 
ed in southern Europe for 
its edible tuberous roots. 
2. [I.e.] A chasuble: so 
called from its conical 
shape when put about 
the body .3. [i.e.] In 
zool. and anat., some 
campanulate or bell-shaped part or organ. 
Campanula Halleri, in ichth., the swollen end of the 
falciform process in the eye of a fish. See extract. 
A vascular darkly-pigmented process ... is found in 
tiie eyes of many Teleostei, and ... its end ... is pro- 
vided with a swelling (campanula Halleri), which is at- 
tached to the hinder part of the capsule of the lens. 
Oeyenbaur, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 531. 
CampanulaceaB (kam-pan -u -la 'se-e), n. pi. 
[NL., < Campanula + -acew.] A 'natural or- 
der of monopetalous dicotyledonous plants, 
the bellworts, mostly herbaceous, with bland 
milky juice, alternate leaves, a regular bell- 
shaped or rotate corolla, distinct stamens, and 
numerous seeds in a capsule usually opening 
by valves or lateral slits. They are natives chiefly 
of northern temperate regions, and are of little value hut 
for ornament. The principal genus is Campanula. The 
order is sometimes made to include the Lobeliacea. See 
cuts under Campanula and harebell. 
campanulaceous (kam-pan-u-la'shius), a. Be- 
longing to the natural order Campanulacecn. 
Campanularia (kam-pan-u-la'ri-a), n. [NL., 
< ML. campanula, a little bell.] The typical 
genus of the family Campanulariidce, having 
cup-shaped hydrothecse at the ends of ringed 
stalks and polypites with a circlet of tentacles 
below the conical pro- 
boscis. 
Campanulariae (kam- 
pan-u-la'ri-e), n. pi. 
[NL. 'Cf. Campanularia.] 
In Claus's system of clas- 
sification, a suborder of 
Hydromedusa;, character- 
ized by the chitinous 
skeletal tubes widening 
Campanile of Giotto 
CafHfanulttrffr . 
A, hydranth ; e, its pe- 
duncle ; e ' , hydrotheca ; o , 
mouth ; te, tentacles ; k ', di- 
gestive cavity, continuous vdth 
Body-cavity, ^.contained in the 
peduncle, and in the stolon or 
creeping-stem, S; B, gonnngi- 
um containing two medusiforni 
zooids or gonophores, ', TV; b, 
blastostyle or peduncle of the 
gonpphore ; *", the somatic 
cavity in connection with that 
of the stolon ; C, a bud. 
out round the polyp-head 
to form cup-like hydro- 
thecse : same as Calypto- 
blastea. Also called Veitr- 
culata. 
campanularian (kam- 
pan-u-la'ri-an), a. and n. 
I. a. Campanulate; ca- 
lyptoblastic ; having bell- 
shaped hydrothecee : said 
only of the Calyptoblas- 
tea or Campanularia!. 
Also campanularidan. 
II. n. A member of the 
eenus Campanularia. 
Campanularida (kam- 
pan-u-lar'i-da), n. pi. 
[NL., < Campanularia + 
-ida.] A suborder or other division of the ca- 
lyptoblastic hydroid hydrozoaus, distinguish- 
ing the campanularian from the sertularian 
forms of the Calyptoblastea. 
campanularidan (kam-pan-u-lar'i-dan), a. 
Same as campanularian. 
campanulariid (kam-pan-u-lar'i-id), n. A po- 
lyp of the family Campamilariidce. 
Carnpanulariidse (kam-pan"u-la-ri'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Campanularia + -ida'.] A family of 
calyptoblastic hydroid hydrozoans, having the 
cells terminal, pedunculate, and campanulate, 
and the polypites with a large trumpet-shaped 
proboscis. Campanularia, Clutia, Obelia, etc., are gen- 
era of this family. Also written Campanularida;, Cam- 
panulariadfp. See cut under Campamdaria. 
campanulate (kam-pan'u-lat), a. [< ML. cam- 
panulatus.t. campanula, a little bell, dim. of cam- 
pana, a bell: seecampaiia.] Having the form of 
camp-follower 
a bell; bell-shaped. In bot., applied to many parts 
of plants, particularly to the corolla. In entom., said of 
surfaces which are rounded at one end, with the sides 
somewhat incurved and then spreading out to the other 
end ; applied especially to the metanotum, the broader end 
being the base. The abdomen of an insect is said to be 
campanulate when the basal joint is slender and the 
second dilated and hollowed at the apex, so that the third 
d'oiut is received within it. 
ampanulina (kam-pan-u-li'na), n. [NL., < 
ML. campanula, dim. of campana, a bell.] The 
typical genus of the family Campanulinidce. 
campanulinid (kam-pan-u-lin'id), n. A polyp 
of the family Campanulinida;. 
Campanulinidae (kam-pan-u-lin'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Campanulina + -idte.] A family of ser- 
tularian or calyptoblastic hydroid hydrozoans. 
They are colonies of polyps, which are differentiated into 
alimentary zooids, with one verticil of filiform tentacles, 
and generative polyps, having the polypostyles without 
mouth or tentacles. Both kinds of zooids are invested by 
chitinous capsules. The polypostyles only produce by 
budding sexual zooids, which are rudimentary medusa? and 
never become free. Campanulina is the typical genus. 
Campbellite (kam'bel-It), n. [< Campbell (see 
def.) + -ite 2 .] 1. A member of the denomina- 
tion otherwise known as the Disciples of Christ, 
founded by the Eev. Alexander Campbell. The 
Campbellites were also called New Lights. See 
disciple. [U. S.] 2. One of the followers of 
the Rev. John McLeod Campbell, who, when 
deposed in .1831 for teaching the universality of 
the atonement, founded a separate congrega- 
tion. [Scotch.] 3. [1. c.] A local name of 
a sunfish, Pomoxys annularis, abundant in the 
Mississippi. Also called new-light. 
The names new-light and Campbellite are due to the fact 
that it became abundant and the subject of observation 
when the religious denomination bearing those names ori- 
ginated. Stand. Xat. Hist., III. 235. 
camp-ceiling (kamp'se'ling), n. In arch., a 
ceiling sloping on either side from the vertical 
walls toward a plane surface in the middle, so 
as somewhat to resemble a coved ceiling. It 
is most frequently used in garrets, giving the 
roof a resemblance to the top of a tent. 
camp-chair (kamp'char), n. A light chair con- 
structed like a camp-stool, but with a back. 
camp-drill (kamp'dril), n. A portable drill 
having two arms which extend outward from 
the ends of a connecting piece, the upper arm 
carrying the drill, and the lower serving as a 
rest for the work which lies between the two. 
Campeachy wood. Same as logwood. 
Campephaga, Campephagidae, etc. See Cam- 
pophaga, etc. 
camper 1 ! (kam'per), . [< ME. campar; < campl 
+ -er 1 -.] One who plays at the game of camp. 
Tusser. 
camper 2 (kam'per), . [< com/> 2 , v., + -er 1 .] 
One who camps out, or lives in a camp. 
A true and circumstantial delineation of the camper's 
life in the Maine forests. The American, VII. 169. 
camperknoWSt, n. [E. dial., prop. *camper- 
nolls, lit. mushrooms (of which in part the dish 
was prob. composed), = MD. kamperrtoelie, D. 
kampernoelje = MLG. Icampernol, mushroom, < 
It. campignuolo, > F. champignon, a mushroom: 
see champignon.] Ale pottage, made with sugar, 
spices, etc. Grose. 
campesont, n. Same as gambeson. Wright. 
campestral (kam-pes'tral), a. K L. campestris, 
< campus, a field : see camp 2 .] Pertaining to an 
open field ; growing in a field or on open ground. 
The campestral or wild beech is blacker and more dur- 
able. Mortimer. 
campestrian, campestrine (kam-pes'tri-an, 
-trin), a. Same as campestral. 
camp-fightt (kamp'fit), n. [< cflwfj) 1 + fight; 
cf. ML. campus, a duel: see camp 1 .] In old 
law, a trial by duel, or the combat of two cham- 
pions, for the decision of a controversy. 
camp-fire (kamp'fir), . 1. A fire in a camp 
for warmth or cooking: as, a soldier's or a 
hunter's camp-fire. It is commonly built in the 
open air and on the ground. 
A huge Kimp-Jire blazing up beneath the forest arches. 
Foretft and Stream, XXI. 5. 
2. Among the members of the society called 
the Grand Army of the Republic, a meeting or 
reunion of the members of a post. [U. S.] 
camp-follower (kamp'foro-er), n. One who 
follows a camp or an army without being offi- 
cially connected with it, as a sutler, washer- 
woman, etc. 
The troops were attended by a great multitude of camp- 
fnllntfrs. Macaulay. 
In the moment of failure [at Bannockburn], the sight of 
a body of cam /i-folloirerx, whom they mistook for ree'n- 
forcements to the enemy, spread panic through the Eng- 
lish host. J. R. Green, Short Hist. Eng. People, iv. 6. 
