camphene 
camphene, camphine (kam-fen' or kam'fen), 
n. [< ciiin/i/i(iir) + -i in-, -tin'-.] 1. The generic 
mime of the volatile oils or hydrocarbons hav- 
ing the general formula C 1( )II ](! , which are 
isomeric or polymeric with oil of turpentine. 
Many camphcnes exist ready formed in plants, as oil of 
cloves, liei^aniot, etc. They arc liquid at ordinary tern 
licratures, and are distinguished from one another I >\ Hi- n 
odors, boiling-points, and action on polarized light. They 
absorb oxygen and convert it into ozone. The name is sy- 
nonymous with ter/u'iu- ; lint by some authorities the laiin 
is made the generic name of all the volatile hydrocarbons 
having the formula i',,,!! ,,.. while ,.,,,,,,/,,,- is limited to 
those terpenes which are solid at ordinary temperatures. 
2. The commercial term for purified oil of tur- 
pentine, obtained by distilling the crude oil over 
(juicklime to free it from resin. It gives a bril- 
liant light in lamps haviii- a very strong draft for the 
prevention of smoke, and was extensively used before the 
introduction of (ictroleum. 
camphic (kam'fik), o. [< campk(or) + -ic.] Of 
or pertaining to camphor: as, camphic acid. 
camphine, n. See camphene. 
camphiret (kam'fir), n. [See campJtor.] 1. An 
old form of camphor. 
Wood of aloes, camphire and many other things. 
llakluyt's Voyages, II. 58. 
2. In the authorized version of the Bible (Cant, 
i. 14, iv. 13), a faulty rendering of the Hebrew 
name of the henna-plant, Lawstinia ttlbtt. 
camphiredt ^kaui'fird), a. [< camphire for cam- 
phor + -cd*.] Impregnated with camphor; 
camphorated. 
Wash-balls perfumed, camphired, and plain. 
Tatter, No. 101. 
camphogen (kam'fo-jen), . [< ML. campho- 
(ra), camphor, + L.' -gen, producing: see -yen.] 
A colorless liquid (CjoHu) produced by dis- 
tilling camphor with phosphorous pentoxid. 
Also called cymene. 
camphol (kam'fol), n. [< camph(or) + -ol.] 
Same as Borneo camphor (which see, under 
camphor). 
campholic (kam-fol'ik), a. [< camphol + -ic.] 
Related to or containing camphol. Campholic 
acid, an acid (C ]() H 1S "'_>) produced from camphor by the 
action of alcoholic potash solution. It is a white volatile 
solid, insoluble in cold water. 
camphor (kam'for), n. [Now spelled to imi- 
tate the ML. form, but until recently, and still 
dial., camphire, early mod. E. camphire, campher, 
camfere, < P. camphre = Sp. can/or, canfora, 
alcanfor = Pg. canfora, alcanfor = It. canfora 
= D. kamfer = MHG. campher (also gaffer), G. 
kampfer = Dan. Sw. kamfer = Pol. kamfora = 
Bohem. kamfora, kamfr, kafr = Russ. kamfara, 
< ML. camphora, canfora, camforum, also cafu- 
ra, NL. camphora = MGr. NGr. Ktupovpa = Turk. 
kdfiir, < Ar. and Pers. kdfiir = Skt. karpurn 
= Hind, kdpura, camphor, < Malay kdpur, cam- 
phor, lit. chalk, lime ; kdpur barus, Barus cam- 
phor, the camphor of Sumatra and Java (Barus, 
a place on the west coast of Sumatra) ; kdpur 
tohori, Japan camphor.] A whitish, translu- 
cent, volatile substance closely related to the 
ethereal oils, with a tough crystalline texture, 
a peculiar penetrating odor, and an aromatic 
cooling taste, the product of various trees and 
plants of eastern Asia and the adjacent isl- 
ands. See camphor-tree. Common or laurel .-.im 
phor (CioIIitjt>) is distilled from the wood of a lanraceous 
tree. Cinnamomum camphora, and is obtained in its crude 
state from Formosa and Japan and afterward refined hy 
sublimation. It Is of frequent use in medicine as a ner- 
vous stimulant and antispasmodlc In typhoid and hysteri- 
cal states. Alant Camphor. C 10 H , < >, a camphor resem- 
bling peppermint in taste ami smell, found in the roots of 
iniii'i iii'ii-nium. Artificial camphor, 'ioHii|Hcl. or 
lifidrtn-hlurati' tif ttirfn'iititif-oit, a solid obtained by treat- 
ing oil of turpentine with gaseous hydrochloric acid. It 
has the odor and taste of common camphor, but N !-- 
punireiit, and is somewhat terebinthinate. Blurnea 
camphor, or ngai, a substance having the same compo- 
sition as Banco camphor, but differing from it iu tiiniinu 
polarized light to the left. It is obtained by distillation 
from a tall herbaceous composite, Bliinn'a balxm/ 
growing abundantly in tropical easteni Asia, and is used by 
the Chinese in medicine and in perfuming the finer kinds 
of ink. Borneo camphor, also known as Sana, Ma- 
layan, or Siinnitm i-mnftli"'', C]oH]s(), a substance very 
similar in its properties to e..mmnn camphor. Itis found 
ill a solid crystalline state in fissures in the trunk of 
I>rifnt)iilijniiii.t iirnni'ttii''!, a gigantic forest-tree of suma 
tra and Borneo. It sometimes oecurs in masses several 
pounds in weight. VKo called /><:rn<'t and i-mniihol. 
Camphora monobromata, t'mllir.BrO, a substance ob 
taincd by replacing one hydrogen atom in camphor with 
bromine. It is used ill medicine as a sedative. \N< ralle.l 
HMwtroaulfld oompAor, i,<-,ni<"ti tgmfittr, torn 
i-nin/i/i'ir. Camphor-Julep or -water, a saturated solu- 
tion of camphor in water. -Cedreno camphor, ('isllouO, 
tin' crystalline portion of oil of red cedar, obtained by . r oo] 
im; the oil until the crystals separate, and aftcrvvanl press 
iniiontthe liquid. --TObaCCO Camphor, ana me u'h en bj 
'iiiielin to nicothinin. I'rr, Diet.. III. 41ti. [other so- 
called camphors (>teari-pti Mrs) air nhtaiued from various 
volatile oils, constituting; the lea>t volatile portion of the 
oil and crystallizing at ordinary temperatures.] 
781 
camphor (kam'for), r. t. [< camplmr. .] To 
impregnate or wash with camphor; camphor- 
ate. [Kare.] 
camphoraceous (kam-fo^ra'HhiiiH), n. [< nm,- 
/iln'i- + -Heron*.] Of the nature of or resem- 
bling camphor. 
camphorate (kam'fo-rat), r. t. ; pret. and pp. 
I'liiiililinriitiil, ]>pr. i-iiiii/ilioriitinij. [< NL. cani- 
/iliiinitii.t, |iji. ul' i-iiw/tlinriiri-. < camphora, cam- 
phor: see cuiMplior iind -<it< ' . ] To treat or im- 
pregnate with camphor: aa, "a camphorated 
drauL'lit.'' liHHi/timm. 
camphorate (kam'fo-rat), a. and n. [< NL. 
i-iimiiliiirdtui, pp.: see the verb.] I. a. Pertain- 
ing to camphor or impregnated with it: as, 
"camplwrafe liquors," Boyle, Works, I. 433. 
II. H. [=NL. cnmphiiriitHin, m-iit.'] In </ /.. 
a compound of camphoric acid with different 
bases. 
camphoric (kam-for'ik), . [< camphor + -ic.] 
Pertaining to or derived from camphor.- cam- 
phoric acid, i', ,,11,,. .114, a dibasic acid produced from 
camphor by digestion with nitric acid. It forms crystal- 
line colorless flakes, which are not readily soluble In col<! 
water. 
camphor : oil (kam'fqr-oil), , . 1. A yellowish- 
brown liquid which drains from the ermli- 
camphor of commerce, having a camphor-like 
odor and taste, and containing a considerable 
quantity of camphor in solution. 2. A red- 
dish volatile oil, isomeric with oil of turpen- 
tine (Cj0Hi 8 ), obtained from the iJryobalaiiopx 
aromatica by tapping the tree, and from reser- 
voirs which form iu the trunk. It is but rarely 
met with in commerce. Also called camphor- 
wood oil. 
camphoronic (kam-fo-ron'ik), a. [< camphor 
+ -one + -ic.] Pertaining to or derived from 
camphor Camphoronic add, CiH 12 o 5 , a 
, , 
acid formed hy the oxidation of camphor or camphoric 
acid by nitric acid. It forms colorless microscopic nee- 
dles, which are volatile and readily soluble in water. 
camphor-tree (kam'for-tre), M. 1. The Cinna- 
momum camphora, a lauraceous tree which 
yields the camphor of commerce, found in Ja- 
pan, along the southern maritime regions of 
China, and especially in Formosa. The timber is 
excellent and much prized for making clothes chests and 
Branch of Camphor-tree {CtttrtamomHm catnfhor< 
cabinets. Camphor is obtained from the root, trunk, and 
branches by exposing the chips in closed vessels to the 
vapor of boiling water. The hot steam volatilizes the cum 
phor, which is deposited in the upper part of the vessels. 
2. The DryOMlMOpt aromatica, a tree of Su- 
matra and Borneo, yielding Borneo camphor 
(which see, undercflmuAo/'). See l>ry<>l><il/inii/>x. 
camphor-wood (kam for-wud), w. The wood 
of the camphor-tree. Camphor-wood oil. same 
as cttiniilioi-'uil, 2. 
camphrene (kam-fren'), . [< camphor + -ene.] 
A volatile product, to which the formula Co 
Hi^O has been given, formed by the action of 
sulphuric acid on camphor, it may i- simply 
phorone (a condensation priMluct of acetone) with slight 
impurities. P. N. l>i,<}'n*ntnrii. 
campion (kam 'pi -on), w. [Cf. "campiun, an 
herb that bears a pretty flower" (Kersey, 1708) ; 
prob. ult. < L. campus, a field. Cf. chain pimi-. 
chiimpaian.] The popular name of certain 
plants belonging to the genera Lychnis and 
.N'lVrHC (which see). Bladder-campion is Silenr imfn- 
t" . Ma raiHpiiiii. N. ni'i. ;t;nta ; moos-campion. 5. acauli* ; 
starry campion, >'. ,.r./7"''i . ic<l alpine campion, Lychni* 
alfina; rose-campion, /,. (or Ayrwtemma) coronana and 
Campophaginae 
/.. t-'Uit-Joti* ; red campion. /,. r/urm/i; white campion 
/., '- 'f-iltioi . .''.iorampli.il /..',i'//-i. in , and n.. 
i ,IMi|Hll /. ; 
camp-kettle (kainp'ket'l), n. A. pot for the use 
of soldiers or others in a camp, 
cample (kam'pl), r. '. ; pret. and pp. rampli-il. 
pin-, i-ii in pi i nil. [E. dial., also camfilr (and nun- 
/ni) ; fre(|. nt rimi/ii. \ To contend; argue; talk 
noisily. [Prov. Bug.] 
If they tie incensed, angry, chid a little, their wlvra 
must not i-niHiilf again, but take It in good part. 
'"it, Anal, of Mel., p. Ml. 
camp-meeting (kaiiiii'iiujtiii^), n. A religious 
gathering for prayer, instruction, exhortation. 
etc., helil in an encampment formed in a wood, 
grove, or field, generally continueil for a week 
or more. The practice of holding such meeting! origi- 
nated In the I nit. , i states In 17i>. and Is still common, 
especially In the Methodist denomination. Called by Mor- 
mons irutHl-nifAting. 
campo (kiim'po), n. [Pg. Sp. It. cam/to, < L. 
cnmpn, a field: see camp".} 1. The name 
given in Brazil to patches of land in the midst 
of the dense forests of the country which are 
either ent irel y bare of trees or are only sparsely 
covered with them. 
The country around Santarcm Is a eainixi region ; a 
slightly elevated and undulating tract of land, wiioded 
only iu patches, or with single scattered trees. 
//. II'. Ilatr*. Naturalist oil the River Amazon, p. 178. 
2. The Italian acre, a measure of land vary- 
ing in different states from } of an English acre 
to H acres. 
Campodea (kam-po'de-a), . [NL., < Gr. nafiTTit, 
a caterpillar, + t!or, form.] The 
typical genus of the family Cam- 
podfidte. C. utaphyHnut is an 
example. 
Cainpwlra is supposed to he "the rep- 
resentative of a form from which many 
other groups have been derived." 
J-atcuf, /.ool. class., p. lOtt. 
Campodeae (kam-po'de-e), . pi. 
[NL.] Same us Campodeidte. A. 
.S. Packard. 
campodeid (kam-p6'de-id), w. 
An insect of the family Camjm- 
dtida'. 
Campodeidae (kam-po-de'i-de), M. 
pi. [XL., < ('ampodva + -/.] A 
remarkable family of thysanurous A />it|fj 
insects, typified by the genus I'am- 
pudca, illustrating a generalized or synthetic 
t vpe from which other groups may have been de- 
rived. They are of elongated form, the aUlomen having 
10 segments and ending in '1 long filaments, and have 3 paint 
of legs, simple trachea 1 , and no eyes. In general aspect the 
CaniiKKleidtr recall some of the myriapods ; they are re- 
lated to fWitrutif, and es|)ecially to LepininidoK. Tile fam- 
ily contains the genus A'irtitftia liesides Campodta, and to 
it the genus lapifx is sometimes referred. AUio Cautpodter, 
and less correctly Campwtida. 
campoi (kam-poi'), M. [The Cantonese pron. of 
Chin, kien, selected, + pet, fire.] A selected 
and carefully fired variety of Congou tea. 
campong (kam'pong), . [Malay kampong, an 
inclosure.] A native village iu the islands of 
the Malay archipelago. 
All islands are liable to the linguistic difficulty of their 
littoral being occupied by a superior seafaring and com- 
mercial race, either continuously or In detached catnpontjt. 
while the interior and unexplored mountains become the 
refuge of shy and uncivilized Indigenes. 
R. X. Cturt, Mod. Langs. G. Ind., p. 133. 
Campophaga (kam-pof'a-ga), w. [NL. (Vieil- 
lot, 1816), < Gr. Kdfijrt/, caterpillar, + ?aj riv, eat.] 
A genus of birds, typical of the subfamily Cam- 
pophaaimc (which see); the caterpillar-catch- 
ers proper, such as C. tiigra of Africa. Also 
( 'a wpephftgrt . 
CampOphagidaB(kam-po-faj'i-de), ii.pl. [XL.. 
< Cttmpiipliaga + -i</'.J A family of old-world 
turdoid pasxerine birds, named from the genus 
t'ainpiililiai/ii. containing more or less shrike- 
like birds with soft plumage, that of the rump 
usually with stiffened shafts, the bill grypanian 
with covered nostrils, and the wings moderate 
Or long. Tile family is letter know n by it> conventional 
com|iosition than by its intrinsic character, consisting, ac- 
cording to the latest authority, of the genera Artamidr*. 
Campocli<rrn, Ittriq**locnt, (irauralu*. Kdoliitoma, Lobo- 
' nij^jthafja, /YnV-rcro/u, Lalayr, and SymmorpAtf *. 
M.uiv of the sjM>eies are called catrrpHiar-tatchtrt. Also 
written l'<iiu}-f*lni'nil,r. 
Campophaginae (kam'po-fft-ji'neV . pi. [XL., 
< ('iinipoiilinija + -IMB.J A group of old-world 
dentirostral oscine passerine birds of uncertain 
position, sometimes referred to the fMniida- or 
shrikes, oftener to the Jfmteieapitla' or flycatch- 
ers, or raised to the rank of a family, Cam- 
puphiiiiiilii'; the caterpillar-catchers. Campo- 
I'huiia is the leading genus. Also written Cam- 
pcphaginii, Campephagina;. 
