canalis 
incisnr fnrnwn, and <nm, /</, r' *f'<,i*<>ii. Camilla mus- 
culotubarlus, th,> Joint ,-anaix for tin- Ku<,tii<'liian tube 
ami the tensor tyinpaiii. Canalia nasolacrymalls. * 
wiit i-niKi!, iiMil-T <-<iniiti. Canalis reunions, it,' 1 < * 
nul hy which Ihr sat-cillns of tin* internal ,-ar rnjiiiiinin 
eaten with the ranali* coehlearij*. Canalis vaglnalls. 
HL-C xli>-tliiii<i c<iitfit, under cumin. 
canalization (kit-iml-i-za'shon), . [(cniinii.i. 
alter \', riniii/tsfiti<ni.~] 1. 'Die construction of 
canals, or the establishment of communication 
by means of canals. 
Caiutli*iiti"ti on a '--ranil sciilf tin- uniting of seas ainl 
oceans by navigable raiiul.s hail been "in the air rvcr 
since the middle of the cent in \. 
'Kii;,,hn,- ; ili /Iff., CLXIV. II. 
Specifically 2. The conversion of a natural 
stream or a chain of lakes or marshes into a 
continuous canal, suitable for navigation, by 
means of weirs, barrages, locks, short cuttings, 
etc. Canalized rivers are common in France; In the 
t'nited states the Monongahclu and Kanawha rivers af- 
ford instances. The Suez eanal is in part the result of 
the canalization of natural bodies of water. 
Also spelled canalisation. 
canalize (ka-nal'5z), v. t. ; pret. and pp. canal- 
ized, ppr. canalizing. [< canal + -ire; after F. 
canaliser.] 1. To make a canal through ; pro- 
vide with a canal or canals. 2. To convert 
into a canal : as, to canalize a river. 
The lilavet is canalized throughout its courso through 
the department. Encyc. Brit., XVI. 813. 
Also spelled canalise. 
canal-lift (ka-nal'lift), n. 1. A hydraulic ele- 
vator for raising a tank filled with water in 
which a canal-boat may float. Such an appliance 
is used on tiie canal near Manchester, England, to trans- 
fer boats from one level to another. 
2. A cradle on which a canal-boat may rest 
and be drawn up by cable along an inclined 
railroad. A lift of this kind is in use on the 
Morris canal in New Jersey. 
canal-lock (ka-nal'lok), n. An inclosure with 
gates at each end, forming a connection be- 
3 
e 
M 
Canal-lock. 
/, vertical longitudinal section ; R. plan ; e, lock-chamber ; 
f, f', gates i "i. M, underground conduits. 
tween the upper and lower levels of a canal, 
enabling boats to pass from one to the other. 
See lock. In the accompanying cut e represents the 
Inclosure technically called a lock-chamber. A boat hav- 
ing entered this chamber from if, the gates at tf are closed 
and those at y opened ; the water in e, being thus rein- 
forced with part of the water beyond y, rises to the same 
level with it, and the boat proceeds. 
canam (ka-nam'), n. A dry measure of Pondi- 
cherry, India, equal to 72 liters, or 2 United 
States bushels. 
Cananeet, . [ME.] An obsolete form of Ca- 
naanitish. 
The woman Canattee. Chaucer, Second Nun's Tale, 1. 59. 
Cananga (ka-nang'gii), . [NL., from the Ma- 
layan name.] A genus of large auonaceous 
evergreen trees, including three species, all Ma- 
layan. The most common species Is C. odorata, the ilang- 
ilanj;, which is cultivated throughout India and in other 
tropical countries. The large fragrant flowers yield an 
attar, and an oil is expressed from the seeds. 
Canara butter. See butter*. 
canard (ka-niir' or ka-niird'), n. [< F. ca- 
nunl, a hoax, a broadside, a quack, a particu- 
lar use of en nard, m. or f., a duck, prop, only 
m., a drake, < cne, f., a duck (cf. ML. canar- 
iliift, a kind of boat). Origin unknown ; sup- 
posed by some to be connected with MLG. LG. 
him' (> G. kalm) = D. kaan, a boat. The con- 
nection of the sense 'a hoax, cheat' with the 
orig. sense ' a duck ' is prob. to be explained 
from the old phrase rrmlmr ilc fimnrd A moitie, 
a cozener, guller, liar, lit. one who half-sells a 
duck, that is (appar.), pretends to sell, and 
cheats in the operation; an expression prob. 
due to some local incident. In def. 2, cf. Pa- 
risian F. canard, a newspaper, canardirr,a. jour- 
nalist.] 1. An absurd story or statement in- 
tended as an imposition; a fabricated story to 
which currency is given, as by a newspaper; 
a hoax. Hence 2. A broadside cried in the 
streets: so called from the generally sensa- 
tional nature of ils contents, /mo. Diet. 
50 
785 
Oanarese, Kanarese (kan-a-reV or -reV ), a. and 
ii. [< Caiiiirn. hmiiira (see def.), -4- -cse.~\ I. 
". < >f or pertaining to either of two districts in 
western India, called respectively North and 
South Canara (or Kanara). 
II. n. 1. sing, and ]>l. A native or natives of 
either of these districts. 2. A language of the 
Dravidian group, nearly allied to Telugu, being 
one of several languages spoken in these dis- 
tricts, and over a large tract as far north as 
Bidar. Also called Kiirimln. 
canarin, canarine (kan'a-rin), n. [< canary + 
-in 2 , -i/i 2 .] A compound (3^8311) used in 
dyeing, formed by oxidizing sulphocyanide of 
potassium with chlorate of potassium in the 
1>resence of sulphuric and hydrochloric acid. 
t produces very fast yellow shades on cotton. 
Canarium (ka-na'ri-um), n. [NL., < canari, an 
E. Ind. name.] A genus of large evergreen 
trees, of the natural order Burseraceae, chiefly 
of tropical Asia and the adjacent islands. There 
are many species, abounding in fragrant resins, though 
the larger number are but little known. Tin- black dam- 
mar-tree of India, C. ttrietum, yields a brilliant black gum 
which is used medicinally and for other purposes. Manila 
eleml is supposed to be the product of v. cumwune, a spe- 
cies cultivated in the Moluccas ami elsewhere for its fruit, 
which is edible ami furnishes a pleasant oil. 
canary (ka-na'ri), n. and a. [< Sp. Pg. canario 
(dance and bird) = F. canari (bird), canarie 
(dance); cf. G. kanarienvngel, canary-bird; 
named with reference to the Canary islands, 
which take their name from Gran Canaria, 
one of the principal islands of the group, L. 
Canaria insula, so called because of its large 
dogs, canaria being fern, of canariug, pertaining 
to dogs, < cants, a dra: see Conis.] I. ; pi. 
canaries (-riz). 1. Wine made in the Canary 
islands. It was anciently Included under the general 
name *ack. In the eighteenth century, ami as late as 1820, 
it was in special demand in England. The principal brands 
are Tf.nenjfe and Vidonia. 
Canary was the Drink of our wise Forefathers, 'tis Bal- 
samick, and saves the charge of Tothecaries' Cordials. 
M rt. Centlivre, Bold Stroke, III. 
2f. A lively French and English dance, of dis- 
puted origin, similar to the jig: named from 
the Canary islands. Often written canaries. 
I have seen a medicine 
That's able to breathe life into a stone, 
Quicken a rock, and make you dance canary. 
Shalt., All's Well, It 1. 
111 make you a dish of calves' feet dance the Canaries, 
And a consort of cramm'd capons flddle to 'cm. 
Fletcher (and others), Bloody Brother, It 2. 
3f. A melody intended for such a dance, written 
in sextuple (or sometimes quadruple) rhythm. 
4. A canary-bird (which see). 8. A sov- 
ereign (gold coin): so called from its color. 
[Prov. Eng.] 6. A kept mistress. PT^^- 
Eng.] 7f. A word put by Shakspere in its 
singular and plural forms into the month of 
Mrs. Quickly, in the explanation of which com- 
mentators differ. It is probably an intentional 
blunder for quandary. 
You have brought her into such a canaries, as 'tis won- 
derful. The best courtier of them all ... could never 
have brought her to such a canary. 
Shak., M. W. of W., II. 2. 
II. a. Of the color of the domestic canary- 
bird; bright-yellow. 
canaryt (ka-na'ri), v. i. [< canary, n., 2.] To 
dance ; frolic ; perform the old dance called a 
canary. 
Jig off a tune at the tongue's end, canary to It with your 
feet, humour it with turning up your eyelids. 
Shale., L. L. L., ill. 1. 
canary-bird (ka-na'ri-berd), n. An oscine 
passerine bird of the family Fringillida?, so 
called because indigenous to the Canary isl- 
ands ; a kind of finch, Fringilla canaria, or Car- 
duelis canaria, one of the commonest and best- 
known cage-birds, everywhere kept and bred 
in confinement. The native bird is dark and streaked, 
somewhat resembling a linnet or siskin, the uniformly 
bright- or pale-yellow color which commonly distinguishes 
the plumage of the cage-bird being the result of artificial 
selection. The cultivated varieties are numerous, with 
considerable diversity of color, and there are many hy- 
brids with allied species, as the goldfinch, linnet, siskin, 
and bulltlncli. The birds were Introduced Into Kuro|' in 
the fifteenth or sixteenth century. Canary-bird flower, 
(a) A species of Tropaolum, T. pcreyrinuin, with deeply 
cut leaves and bright canary-yellow flowers, the lower 
petals of which are small and fringed. Also called canary- 
>. (6) Same as bird-iiinnt. 
canary-creeper (ka-na'ri-kre'per), n. The 
canary-bird flower (which see, under canary- 
bird). 
canary-finch (ka-na'ri-finch), n. The canary- 
bird. 
canary-grass (ka-na'ri-gras), it. Pnalaris Ca- 
iiarieiisis, natural order Graminece, a native of 
the Canary islands, its seed is used as food in the 
cancel 
Canaries, Barbary, and Italy, and Is extensively cultivated 
elsewhere for canary-birds. The reed canary-gnu, /'. 
ll:ll,,:l, ,:!.., I, | n A ,-.,111111011 B|Rti, S V iH^Ult V f , , I I , "f 
which Is the ribbon grass of garden!, 
canary-moss (ka-na'ri-mfts), n. A name of tin 
lii'liens, /,' i'n 'in, !(,-., which yield ar- 
cliil and litmus. Alwi called rdimnj-iriril. Sec 
cut under <//,//. 
canary-seed (ka-iia'ri-stMl), . The seed of 
caiinry-nrass, UM-,| I'm- IV, Mint; birds. 
canary-stone di,i-Ma'ri-stuii). n. \ very beau- 
tiful and somewhat rare variety of carnelian, 
so named from its yellow color. 
canary-weed (ka-na'ri-wed), w. Same as ca- 
nartf-i: 
canary-wood i ka-na'ri-wud), M. The hand- 
some, dark-colored, mahogany-like wood of 
I'lixm liii/iru ;incl .l/iiil/iini<i.i t 'tiiiiirieiisig, lau- 
raceous trees of the Azores and Madeira: so 
called because it was brought originally from 
the Canaries. Also called Madi-irn in<il>i/<i>iy. 
canaster (ka-nas'tor), . [= MLG. kanaster = 
F. canantre, < Pg. canastra = Sp. canastro, ca- 
nasto, usually canasta, a large basket. < Gr. 
/tdvaarpav, a wicker basket: see canister.} 1. A 
rush basket made in the Spanish countries of 
South America and used for packing tobacco 
for exportation. The tobacco sent to Europe 
packed in these baskets takes from them the 
name of canaster tobacco. Hence 2. A kind 
of tobacco for smoking, consisting of the dried 
leaves coarsely broken. 
Meanwhile I will smoke my ranatter, 
And tipple my alu in the shade. 
Thackeray, Imitation of Horace. 
canattllo(kan-a-tery6), n. [Mex.] The Mex- 
ican name of a plant of the genns Ephedra, 
used as a styptic and as a remedy in syphilitic 
complaints. 
can-bottle (kan'bot'l), . The long-tailed tit- 
mouse. [Prov. Eng.J 
can-buoy (kan'boi), n. A large cylindrical or 
conical floating buoy, used as a mark for shoals, 
etc. See buoy. 
cancan (kan'kan), n. [< F. cancan, a dance 
(see def.) ; a slang or cant term, perhaps a par- 
ticular use of cancan, tittle-tattle, gossip, scan- 
dal, said to be < L. quamqiiain, although (be- 
cause "in the schools of the middle ages the 
proper pronunciation of this word was the sub- 
ject of fierce contention, one party pronoun- 
cing it can-can, and the other rjiianquam "), but 
prob. < cancancr, tattle, chattor, gossip, appar. 
an imitative reduplication, to be compared 
with the E. cackle, quack, etc.] A kind of dance 
performed in low resorts by men and women, 
who indulge in extravagant postures and las- 
civious gestures ; hence, a quadrille or a similar 
dance performed in this manner. 
can-cart (kan'kiirt), . A light two-wheeled 
vehicle with a bent axle for supporting a large 
can hung on trunnions between the wheels, 
used for carrying milk, etc. 
cancel (kan'sel), w. [In older E. form chancel, 
q. v., < OF. chancel = Sp. cancel = Pg. cancello, 
cancclla = It. cancello, a lattice, grating, < ML. 
cancellus, cancclla, L. 'cancellun, always in pi. 
i-iiiirilli, a lattice, grating, railing, bar in a court 
of justice, barrier in public spectacles (see can- 
ceui), dim. of cancer, pi. cancri, a lattice : a 
word scarcely used. See the verb.] If. Lattice- 
work, or one of the cross-bars in latticework; 
a latticework or grated inclosure; hence, a 
barrier ; a limit. 
A prison is but a retirement, and opportunity of serious 
thoughts to a person whose spirit . . . desires no enlarge- 
ment beyond the cancel* of the body. 
Jer. Taytvr, Life of Christ, III., Disc. xv. f 0. 
2. [< cancel, r.] In printing, a page, sheet, or 
other part of a printed work suppressed and 
destroyed before publication ; the act of reject- 
ing a part of a printed work. The cancel ordered 
on the discovery of a fault in unpublished printed mat- 
ter is usually followed by correct reprinting ; but a cancel 
is sometimes made without reprintinir. 
3. [< cancel, r.] In music, the sign B, when used 
to nullify the effect of a sharp or a flat pre- 
viously occurring either in the signature or as 
an accidental. 
cancel (kan'sel), r. ; pret. and pp. canceled or 
cancelled, ppr. canceling or cancelling. [For- 
merly also cancell; < F. canceller, OF. canceller, 
canceler = Pr. Pg. cancrllar = Sp. cancclar = 
It. cam'' !l<ir<\ < L. canivllare, make like a lat- 
tice, esp. to strike out a writing by drawing 
lines across in the form of latticework, < m- 
cflli, pi., a lattice, grating, railing, bar in a court 
of justice, barrier in public spectacles: see 
cancel, n. Hence tilt. (< L. cancelli) also Chan- 
