Cancridse 
Oancrldse (kang'kri-df'), . /</. [NL., < Cancer 
(Caiicr-) + -iil/i:] The family of crabs of which 
the genus Cininr is the type; the central fam- 
ily of brachyurous decapod crustaceans, its den- 
nitiiui viirics itli different systems of classification, Inn 
in any cuso the genera air nuin.v. [he species arc mostly 
litlcii-.il ui I ilium Toii.i, hi-ing raymatw in ulniiMt every 
:i. Set- cllt UlliliT ,': 
cancriform (kaug'kri-f6rm), a. [= F. 
ftinm; < L. caiircr, a crab, a cancer, + . 
shape.] 1. Having the form of a crab; re- 
sembling or related to a crab in structure; 
brachyurous and decapod, as a crustacean ; car- 
cinoraorphic. Also rancroiil. 2. Cancerous. 
cancrine (kung'krin), a. [< L. as if *<;//;/... 
< cintri-r, a crab : see cancer."] Jluving the quali- 
ties of a crab. 
Cancrinea (kang-krin'e-a), . pi. [NL., < Cancer 
(1'inii-r-) + -inea."] A 'group or legion of can- 
croidean crustaceans, containing the typical 
marine representatives of the superfamily ( VIH- 
croidca, and especially the families Caucridte 
and I'ortnniilir. 
cancrinite (kang'kri-nit), n. [< Cancrin (a Rus- 
sian minister of finance, 1773-1845) + -ite 2 .] 
In mineral., a silicate related to nepnelite, but 
peculiar in containing carbon dioxid. it occurs 
massive ami in indistinct crystals, white to yellow anil 
red in color. It is found in the I'ral mountains, Norway. 
Transylvania, and Main.'. 
cancrisocial (kang-kri-so'shal), a. [< L. can- 
cer (caiii'i--) + E. social.'] Social with crabs ; 
associated with a crab in vital economy : ap- 
787 
Cancromidae (kang-krom'i-d6), w. nl. FNL., < 
I'liniit + -tdVr.] The boat-billed herons. 
<ir t'aiicriiiiiinir, elevated to the rank of a family. 
SlT ClIHITllllllllll'. 
Cancrominae (kang-kro-mi'ne), n. j>l. [NL., < 
Cancronui + -ina;.'] A subfamily of herons, of the 
family Ardeitlte, represented by the single genus 
Cancroma, characterized not only by the form 
of the bill (see Cancroma), but also by the pos- 
session of 4 instead of 3 or 2 powder-down 
tracts: a group sometimes elevated to the rank 
of a family. See cut under boatbitl. 
cancrophagous (kang-krof'a-gus), a. (XL. can- 
cer (cancr-), a crab, + Or. fayciv, eat.] Same 
as cancrivorous. 
cancrum (kang'krum). n. ; pi. cancra (-krft). 
[NL., a neut. form of L. cancer (masc.), a can- 
cer.] A rapidly progressive ulcer.- cancrum 
Orts (gangrenous stomatitis) and cancrum nasl (gangre- 
nous rhinitis), very fetid destructive ulcerations of the 
walls of the buccal and natal cavities, usually seen In Ill- 
fed, delicate children. Also called nwna. 
cand (kand), n. [Cf. W. can, brightness.] In 
Cornwall, England, fluor-spar or fluorite occur- 
ring as a veinstone : called by the Derbyshire 
miners blue-John. Not used In America, where this 
kind of veinstone is of rare occurrence, although abundant 
in certain mining regions of Europe. 
candareen (kan-da-ren'), n. [< Malay /..< 
<lrin."] The name given by foreigners in China 
and the far East to the Chinese fun, the 100th 
part of a liang or ounce. As a weight It is equal t. . 
about 5.8 grains troy, and as a money of account It may- 
be considered equal to 1.4 cents. See liang and tad. 
candavaig (kan'da-vag), n. [8c., perhaps < 
Gael, ceann, head, + 'dttbhach, < duM, black; 
foul salmon being called 'black fish' (Jamie- 
sou).] A foul salmon; one that remains in 
fresh water till summer, without going into the 
sea. [Local, Scotch.] 
candelt, /'. An obsolete form of candle. 
candelabrum (kan-de-la'brum), n. ; pi. candela- 
bra (-brio. [!,..< i-ii, nl: In. a candle : see candle."] 
1. In until/.: (a) A candlestick, (b) A lamp- 
stand ; a kind of stand used among the Romans 
to support a lamp or lamps. Such stands vary in 
height from those of only a few inches, and intended to 
rest upon a table or shelf, to those of 4 feet or more, 
which raised the lamps to a height sufficient to Illuminate 
an apartment. In general, such candelabra consist of a long 
shaft or rod rising from a base with three feet, and support- 
ing a circular cap or disk with elaborate ornamentation. 
Home examples arc of enormous size and weight, covering 
at the base a triangle of t> or 7 feet on each side, and ris- 
candid 
Civilizing the stems of his tree* annually with liquid 
lluif, ami meditating how to eitmd that candent baptism 
even to the leaves. Lomll, Fireside Travels, p. M. 
2. Very hot; heated to whiteness; glowing 
with white heat. 
The candent vea*el. 
Cancrisocial Animals. Sc.t anemiinc (Saifartia farasitira ) on a 
whelk . hHccinHm nnd<jtu>n inhabited by a henult-crab (Pafiirus 
ArrrtAantHS). 
plied to sea-anemones ami other animals which 
grow on the shell of a crab, or on a shell of 
which a hermit-crab has also taken possession. 
In some cases the association seema to be not merely for- 
tuitmis, but to involve some community of vital interest. 
cancrivorous (kaug-kriv'o-rus), a. [< L. can- 
cer (cancr-), a crab, + rorarc, eat, devour.] 
Crab-eating ; carcinophagous : applied to sun- 
dry animals. Also ciincrophagous. 
cancrizans (kang'kri-zanz), a. [< ML. cancri- 
-n/i.v, ppr. of cancrizare, walk backward like a 
crab, < L. cancer (cancr-), a crab.] Goingormov- 
ing backward, like a crab: in music, used of a 
canon the subject of which is repeated in the 
answer backward instead of forward. 
cancroid (kaug'kroid), a. and n. [< L. cancer 
(cancr-), a cancer, crab, + Gr. rirfof, form.] I. 
a. 1. In palhol., of the nature of or resembling 
cancer. 2. In rooV., same as cancriform, 1. 
II. n. In pathol. : (a) An epithelioma. (6) 
An adenoma, (c) A keloid. 
Cancroidea (kang-kroi'de-ft), n. pi [NL.,< 
Citnivr (Caxcr-) + -oidea. Cf. cancroid."] A 
superfamily or tribe of brachyurous decapod 
crustaceans, containing the families Cancrida 
and I'nr'iniiiliv: it corresponds to Cyclometopa. 
They have the carapace usually transverse and the antero- 
lateral margins arclu-d, the mouth-cavity su I quadrate, 9 
branchtje with efferent channels terminating at the palate. 
unil the male organs in the bases of the fifth pair of legs. 
cancroidean (kang-kroi'de-an), a. Of or per- 
taining to the Cnncrniili a. 
Cancroma (kang-kro'mii), n. [NL. (Linnaeus. 
1766), named with reference to F. crabier, crab- 
eater (in zoo'l. and ornith.), < L. cancer (I<T-\ 
a crab. For the form, cf. L. cancroma, <-<m- 
wroma, under carcinoma.] A genus of altrieial 
grallatorial birds, of the order Herodiones and 
family Ardeida ; the boatbills or boat-billed 
herons of tropical America, characterized by 
the dilatation and inflation of the cochleari- 
form bill. There is but one well-established species, C. 
cochUaria. The genus is typical of a subfamily CrtHfro- 
niiiiir. Also called fin I, V.//./K I'm*. See boattrill. 
Candelabra of Bronze. First example, epoch of Napoleon I. : second 
example, Koiuao, from Pompeii. 
ing to a proportionate height ; these, often made of marble, 
were used in connection with religions observances, and 
were rather monuments or votive offerings than utensils. 
2. Any branched candlestick differing from a 
chandelier or bracket in resting upon a foot. 
Some very beantifnl candelabra exist in churches, most 
commonly made to hold seven candles. One in Milan ca- 
thedral, of bronze, dating from the twelfth century, Is per- 
haps the richest in existence. The " seven-branched can- 
dlesticks" of the Hebrews (see candlestick) are properly 
candelabra. 
3. A variety of arabesque in which a strongly 
marked vertical motive is present. Thus, a shaft 
or a sort of pilaster from which the scrollwork of the de- 
sign is given off is called a caiulelabrum, and gives the 
name of itmli'lufinnn to the design itself. 
4. pi. In sponges, branching terminal spines. 
KHI-UC. Brit. 
candencyf (kan'den-si), n. [< L. candentia, 
whiteness, < canden(t-)s: se candent."] Heat; 
fervor, 
candent (kan'dent), a. [< L. canden(t-)s, ppr. 
of candere, be white or hot: see candid."] 1. 
Whitening; making white. [Rare.] 
, Works, I. 482. 
canderos (kan'de-ros), n. [E. Ind.] An Eaat 
Indian gum resembling amber, but rather white 
in color and more pellucid. It is sometimes 
fashioned into toys of various kinds, which are 
vi-rv light and take a good polish. 
candescence (kan-des'ens), n. [< L. randf- 
scen(t-)s: see candescent."] Same as iiicandet- 
cence. [Rare.] 
candescent (kan-des'ent), a. [< L. cande- 
setn(t-)s, ppr. of candescere, become white, b- 
gin to glow, inceptive of candere, be white or 
not, glow : see candid.] Same as incandescent. 
[Rare.] 
At tight of the star yet above the cave, though less can- 
detcent than before. L. Wallace, Ben-Hnr, p. 76. 
candicantt (kan'di-kant) ; a. [< L. can<ftcan(<-), 
ppr. of cundicarr, be whitish, (candere, be white : 
see candid."] Waxing white. Bailey. 
candid (kan'did), a. [< F. candiae= 8p. Pg. It. 
Candida, < L. Candidas, bright, radiant, pure, 
clear, sincere, frank, < candere, shine, glitter, 
glisten, be bright, be white, glow, glow with 
neat (in comp. accendere and incendere, set on 
fire: see accend, incense, incendiary, etc.), akin 
to Gr. (avfltir, golden-yellow (see xanOio-), aa- 
8ap6f, clear, clean, pure (see cathartic), LGr. 
navfapof, a coal, and to Skt. cchandra, cliandra, 
shining, chandra, chandramas, the moon, < -^ 
ychand, chand, ong. 'skandh, shine. Hence also 
(< L. candere) candle, q. v.] If. Bright ; white. 
The box receives all black : but pour d from thence, 
The stone* came candid forth, the hue of innocence. 
Drydcn. 
2. Honest and frank; open and sincere; in- 
genuous; outspoken: of persons: as, to be 
candid with you, I think you are wrong. 
Open, candid, and generous, his heart was the constant 
companion of his hand, and his tongue the artless index 
of his mind. Canning. 
I must be candid with you, my dear Jeffrey, and tell 
you that I do not like your article on the Scotch Courts. 
Sydney Smith, To Francis Jeffrey. 
3. Free from undue bias; fair; just; impar- 
tial : of persons or their acts : as, a candid view 
or construction. 
Candid and dispassionate men. Irving. 
-SyiL 2 and 3. Candid, Fair, Oven, Frank, . 
Saire, Sincere, unprejudiced, unbiased. The first seven 
words apply to the spirit, expression, or manner. The can- 
did man is able to look Impartially on both sides of a sub- 
ject, especially giving due weight to arguments or opinions 
opposed to his own, and due credit to the motives of op- 
ponents ; candid speech is essentially the same as frank 
speech, sometimes going so far as to be blunt. Fair belongs 
primarily to conduct, but in regard to speech and thought 
it is the same as candid: as, a man preeminently fair in 
dealing with opposing views. Open is opposed to con- 
cealment ; the (>i#n man does not cultivate a politic re- 
serve, but expresses his opinions freely, without stopping 
to think of their effect upon his own interest*. / ion*, 
literally,/rf; the freedom may be in regard to one's own 
opinions, which Is the same as opennra, or In regard to 
things l>eloiigiiig to others, where the freedom may go so 
far as to be unpleasant, or It may disregard conventional 
ideas as to reticence. Hence, while of*nnft Is consistent 
with timidity, franknett implies some degree of boldness. 
Inymuotu implies a permanent moral quality, an elevated 
inability to be other than honest or open, even to one's 
own loss ; there Is a peculiar subjective cast to the word, 
as though the man stood most in awe of the disappro- 
bation of his own judgment and conscience; hence the 
close connection between ingcnvoumeu and modesty. 
A'oiw expresses a real or an assumed unconsciousness of 
the way fn which one's words meet conventional rules, or 
of the construction which may be put upon them by others ; 
natrete is thus an openness or frankness proceeding from 
native or assumed simplicity or artlessnefts. Sincere ex- 
presses the spirit and language that go with the love of 
truth ; the sincere man is necessarily candid and fair, and 
as open and frank as seems required by truth. 
He [Dryden] was, moreover, a man of singularly open 
soul, and of a temper self-confident enough to be candid 
even with himself. Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 7. 
I like not/air terms and a villain's mind. 
Shak., M. of V., 1. S. 
True, some are open, and to all men known. 
Pope, Moral Essays, L 61. 
O Truth is easy, and the light shines clear 
In hearts kept open, honest and sincere ! 
A. Coin, The Evangel 
With /ran* and with uncurbed plainness 
Tell us the dauphin's mind. SAoJt., Hen. V., L t 
If an inyrniunu detestation of falsehood be but care- 
fully and early Instilled, that Is the true and genuine 
method to obviate dishonesty. Locke. 
Infuse into their young breasts such an intentions and 
noble ardour, as will not fail to make many of them re- 
nouned. Milton, Education. 
He makes no secret of his view that poetry stands high- 
est among the arts, and that he (William Wordsworth] is 
at the head of it He expresses such opinions in the most 
n/iirv manner. Caroline Foi, Journal, p. 143. 
