canell 
canell (ka-nel'), . Same as canaille, 2. 
Canella 1 (ka-nel'a), w. [NL. (> F. cannelle, ca- 
iieller (> E. canned, q. v.) = Sp. canela = Pg. 
canela, canella = It. cannella, formerly also 
canella}, < ML. canella, cannella, cinnamon: see 
cannel 2 .] 1. A genus of low aromatic trees, 
representative of the order Canellacece, of only 
two species. The principal species is C. alba, the 
whitewood or wild cinnamon of the West Indies and 
southern Florida, which yields canella or white cinnamon 
bark. This bark has a pleasant cinnamon-like odor and 
a bitter pungent taste, and is used in the West Indies as 
a condiment and in medicine as an aromatic stimulant. 
2. [?. c.] [Pg.] A common name in Brazil for 
various lauraceous and other aromatic trees. 
The canella preta (black cinnamon) is Nec- 
tandra inollis. 3. [I. c.] The bark of Canella 
alba. See def . 1. 
canella 2 (ka-nel'a), n. [Genoese dial., < It. 
cannella, dim. of canna :' see cane 1 and canna^, 
and ef. Canella 1 .'] A Genoese measure of 
length, of 9, 10, 10i, or 12 palmi of 9.81 inches 
each. 
Canellaceae (kan-e-la'se-e), n. pi. [NL.. < Ca- 
nella^ + -acea.] A small natural order of thala- 
mifloral plants, consisting of fragrant and aro- 
matic trees belonging to the genera Canella and 
Cinnamodendron of tropical America, and Cin- 
namosma of Madagascar, and comprising only 
five known species. The affinities of the order 
are obscure, but it is perhaps related to the 
Bixaeeai. 
canellaceous (kan-e-la'shius), a. [< Canella- 
cece: see-aceous.] In bot., related or belonging 
to the order Canellaceat. 
canella-wood (ka-nel'a-wud), n. A beautiful 
cabinet-wood from Guiana, the product of a 
lauraceous tree, Aydendron canella. Also writ- 
ten cannela-wood. 
canel!6t (ka-nel'a), a. [OF., pp. of caneller, 
fluted, grooved, channeled: see canel 1 , canned, 
v., channel^. ] In her., same as inverted. 
canelle-brown (ka-nel'broun'), n. [< F. canelle, 
cannelle, cinnamon (see cannel^), + brown."] Cin- 
namon-brown; also, a dye of this color. See 
phenylene brown, un- 
der broion, n. 
cane-mill (kan'mil),i. 
A mill for grinding 
sugar-canes for the 
manufacture of sugar. 
See sugar-mill. 
caneptiore (kan'e- 
for), n. [< L. canepho- 
ra, also canephoros, < 
Gr. KavjMpof, basket- 
bearer, < KOVEOV, a bas- 
ket of reed or cane (< 
itdwa, a reed : see 
cone 1 ), + -<t>6pof, < 
fyipeiv = E. bearl.] 1. 
One of the bearers of 
the baskets contain- 
ing the implements of 
sacrifice in the pro- 
cessions of the Dio- 
nysia, Panatheneea, 
and other ancient Gre- 
cian festivals. The of- 
fice was one of honor, 
much coveted by vir- 
gins. 2. In arch., a female figure bearing a 
basket on her head. Sometimes improperly 
confounded with caryatid. 
canephoros (ka-nef'o-ros), n.; pi. canepkori 
(-ri). [L.] Same as canephore. 
canescence (ka-nes'ens), n. [< canescent : see 
-ence.] A whitish or hoary color. 
canescent (ka-nes'ent), a. [< L. canescen(t-)s, 
ppr. of canescere, become white or hoary, in- 
ceptive of canere, be white or hoary, < canus, 
white or hoary.] Growing white or hoary; 
tending or approaching to white ; whitish : ap- 
plied to hoary, whitish pelage, plumage, or other 
covering of animals, and to plants with gray or 
hoary pubescence. 
cane-scraper (kan'skra/'per), n. A machine 
for removing the woody bark of ratan canes. 
cane-splitter (kan'splifer), n. An apparatus 
for cutting and riving splints from ratan. E. 
H. Knight. 
cane-Stripper (kan'strip'er), n. A knife for 
stripping the stalks of the sugar-cane and cut- 
ting off their tops. 
cane-sugar (kan'shug'Sr),*!, 1. Sugarobtained 
from the sugar-cane, as distinguished from 
beet-root sugar, grape-sugar, starch-sugar, etc. 
See sugar. 2. A general name for saccharose, 
Canephore from the Parthenon 
frieze. 
790 
, whether derived from cane, sor- 
ghum, sugar-beet, or maple, to distinguish it 
from the glucoses, milk-sugar, maltose, etc. 
canet (ka'net), n. [Origin not ascertained.] 
A name of the bamboo mole-rats of the genus 
Rhizomys, as R. smnatranus. E. Btyth. 
cane-trash (kan'trash), n. 1. In sugar-making, 
refuse of canes or macerated rinds of canes, 
used as fuel in boiling the cane-juice ; bagasse. 
2. The dead leaves of the sugar-cane torn 
off to allow the stalk to ripen. 
canette (ka-nef), . [F., a beer-jug, dim. of 
OF. cane, a can : see ca 2 .] A pitcher or jug 
with a cover, holding from H to 3 pints, in 
shape it is cylindrical or nearly so, and sometimes has the 
cylindrical body raised on a sort of foot. By far the 
greater number of canettes are of stoneware or fine earth- 
enware, with a cover of pewter or the like. 
The canette of white ware ... is richly ornamented. 
Wheatley and Delamotte, Art Work in Earthenware, p. 60. 
canevast, An obsolete form of canvas. 
can-frame (kan'fram), n. A cotton-roving ma- 
chine in which the roving is received into cans. 
canful (kan'ful), n. [<ca 2 +/M.] As much 
as a can will hold. 
cangt, a. and n. [ME., also kang. Cf. cank*.] 
I. a. Foolish. 
Nis he a cany knit [knight] thet secheth reste ithe uihte 
(in the fight]? Ancren Riwle, p. 358. 
To kesten kany eien upon gunge wummen. 
Ancren Riwle, p. 56. 
II. n. A fool. 
Thet is al thes canges blisse. Ancren Riwle, p. 214 
canga (kang'gS), w. [The name is said by Esch- 
wege to be an'abbr. of an African word tapan- 
hoacanga, meaning 'negro's head,' and applied 
to the rock on account of its rough surface, as it 
weathers in round, concretionary forms.] A 
breccia composed chiefly of massive brown iron 
ore, irregularly mixed with ferruginous mica- 
slate, clay-slate, and quartz, and sometimes 
containing fine crystals of gold. [A term used 
by writers on Brazilian geology and mining.] 
cangan, kangan (kang'gan), n. A kind of 
coarse cotton cloth manufactured in China, in 
pieces 19 inches broad and 6 yards long. Imp. 
Diet. 
canget, v. t. [ME. cangen, also acangen; < cang, 
.] To befool. 
We arn cangede. Ancren Riwle, p. 362. 
cangeantt, [OF., ppr. of eanger, unassibi- 
lated form of changer, change: see change, v.~\ 
Changing. 
Rich gold tissue, on a ground of green, 
Where th' artfull shuttle rarely did encheck 
The cangeant colour of a mallard's neck. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas, The Decay, 1. 107. 
cangle (kang'gl). v. i.; pret. and pp. cangled, 
ppr. dangling. [Sc., appar. freq. of canTe*-, q. v.] 
1. To quarrel. 2. To cavil. Jamieson. 
canglyt, adv. [< ME. cangliche; < cang, a., + 
-lyZ.] Foolishly. 
Forthui thet te wummen lokede cangliche o weopmen 
[on men]. Ancren Riwle, p. 33B. 
cango (kang'6), n. [Jap.] Same as kago. 
cangue (kang), n. [< Pg. cangue, a wooden col- 
lar (accom. to Pg. canga, a yoke), < Chinese 
kang, bear on the shoulders, + kia, a wooden 
collar worn by criminals.] The name given by 
foreigners to the Chinese kia, or portable pil- 
lory, which persons convicted of certain petty 
crimes are condemned to kang, or carry on the 
shoulders, for periods varying from a few days 
to three months. It consists of a square wooden col- 
lar from 20 to 60 pounds in weight, with a round hole for 
the neck. As it usually measures 3 or 4 feet across, the 
convict is unable to reach his mouth or defend himself 
from insects, and is thus dependent on the good offices of 
his friends. 
cangy (kan'ji), a. [E. dial., also caingy; prob. 
< cang + -jfl.] Cross; crabbed; peevish; ill- 
humored. [Prov. Eng.] 
can-hook (kan'huk), n. A contrivance forsling- 
ing a cask by the ends of its staves, formed by 
reeving a piece of rope through 
two flat hooks and fastening 
the ends, the tackle being 
hooked in the middle of the 
bight. 
Canicula (ka-nik'u-la), n. [L. 
(> Pr. Sp. Pg. Camcula = It. 
Canicola) (also in E. and F. 
form Canicule), dim. of canis, a dog: see Canis. ] 
A star of the first magnitude in the constella- 
tion Canis Major, the largest and brightest of 
all the fixed stars. Also called the dog-star and 
Sirius. See first cut under Canis. 
canicular (ka-nik'u-lar), a. [< late ME. canic- 
ular, < L. canicularw, < Canicula, the dog-star 
canine 
(dies canictdares, dog-days) : see Canicula.] Per- 
taining to Canieula, the dog-star, or to the dog- 
days. 
The sun, incens'd by eastern wind, 
Afflicts me with canicular aspect. 
Greene and Lodge, Looking Glass for Lond. and Eng. 
I'll never dig in quarry of an heart 
To have no part ; 
Nor roast in fiery eyes, which always are canicular. 
Donne, Dialogue. 
Canicular days, a certain number of days before and 
after the heliacal rising of Canicula. See dog-days. 
Unto some [such as are south of the equinox] the canicular 
days are in the winter. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., iv. 13. 
Canicular year, the Egyptian natural year, which was 
computed from one heliacal rising of Canicula to the next. 
Canicule (kan'i-kul), . K F. Canicule, < L. 
Canicula: see Canicula.] Same as Canicula. 
canid (kan'id), n. A carnivorous mammal of 
the family Canidce. 
Canidae (kan'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Canis + 
-ida?.] A family of digitigrade carnivorous 
mammals, of the order Ferae, suborder Fissipe- 
dia, and series Cynoidea; the dog tribe, Cani- 
na, or canine quadrupeds, such as dogs, wolves, 
and foxes. The paroccipital processes of the skull are 
closely applied to the auditory bulla ; the mastoid process 
is small or obsolete ; the external auditory meatus is short 
or imperfect ; the carotid canal is well developed, open- 
ing into the posterior lacerate foramen ; the condyloid 
and glenoid foramina are distinct ; there is an intestinal 
cEecum ; the prostate gland is salient and the penis-bone 
large ; the teeth are typically 42 in number, but range from 
Skull of a Fox (Urocyon littoralis), illustrating canine, cranial, and 
dental characters. 
38 to 46, according to the varying number of molars, the 
molars being i to J, the premolars }, the canines \, and 
the incisors j ; the claws are non-retractile ; the muzzle 
is produced ; and the belly is usually pinched. The lead- 
ing genera are Canis, Cyon, Lycaon, Icticyon, Lycalopex, 
Pseudalopex, V\dpf8, Urocyon, and Nyctereute.8, constitut- 
ing the subfamily Caninee, and Megalotis (or Otocyon), rep- 
resenting a subfamily Ategatotince. 
Canina (ka-ni'na), n. pi. [NL., < Canis + -4naP. 
Cf . L. caninus, pertaining to a dog : see canine.] 
A group of digitigrade carnivorous mammals, 
coincident with the family Canidce; the dog 
tribe. See Cynoidea. 
Caninae (ka-ni'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Canis + 
-ince. Cf. canine.'] The typical subfamily of 
the family Conwte, embracing all of the family 
excepting the genus Megalotis, having the up- 
per molars 2 or only 1 (3 in Megalotis) and the 
sectorial teeth elongated. See Canidce. 
caninalt (ka-nl'nal), a. [< canine + -al.] Ca- 
nine. 
Caninal anger, vented by snapping and snarling spirits 
on both sides. Fuller. 
canine (ka-nin' or ka'nin), a. and n. [< L. ca- 
ninus, pertaining to a dog, < canis, a dog: see 
Canis.] I, a. 1. Of or pertaining to a dog; 
having the character or qualities of dogs ; 
characteristic of dogs ; like or likened to a dog. 
2. Specifically, of or pertaining to the Ca- 
nidce. 3. Affecting or derived from dogs: as, 
canine rabies ; canine virus. 4. Pertaining to 
a canine or dog-tooth Canine appetite, a mor- 
bidly voracious appetite ; an inordinate or insatiable de- 
sire for food ; bulimia. 
An exorbitant appetite of usual things, which they will 
take in such quantities till they vomit them up like dogs ; 
whence it is called canine. Arbuthnot. 
His foible is a canine appetite for popularity and fame. 
Jejj'eriton, Correspondence, II. 89. 
Canine eminence, a vertical prominence on the outer 
surface of the superior maxillary bone, caused by the 
root of the canine tooth. Also called canine prominence. 
Canine fossa, a shallow fossa between the alveolar 
prominence of the canine tooth and the base of the malar 
process of the superior maxilla. Canine laugh, in pa- 
thol., a facial expression resulting from spasm of the ca- 
nine muscle, or levator anguli oris (elevator of the corner 
of the mouth), the corners of the month being drawn up 
and showing the side teeth, as is done by a dog in snarling. 
Also called the aa rdonic gmt4(ritiu mraonioiu). Canine 
letter, the letter R. See R. Canine madness, rabies ; 
hydrophobia : so called because it most frequently affects 
dogs and other canine quadrupeds, and is usually com- 
municated by them by inoculation with saliva in the act 
of biting. Canine muscle, the levator anpuli oris. See 
lecator. Canine prominence. Same as canine emt- 
nencc. Canine teeth, (a) The canines. See II., 3. (6) 
The conical processes on the inside of the mandible of an 
insect, toward its apex. 
II. n. 1. A dog. [Colloq. or humorous.] 
2. Technically, in zoiil., one of the Canida; or 
