cannon 
eiK)tt of the shut llreii : as, a :vj pounder ; (:>) liy tin <li 
:im< h-r of the bore : as, a l:i inch KUII ; or (:() hy the weight 
of tin- ^1111 itself: as, tin 8-humlreilweinllt ^lin; a '-'.'i ton Klin. 
itcfore the introduction of annor-pUUng, tin- naval B nn, 
in use iii line-oi-kittle .ships ami triilMwan68-poaiidii 
(US hundredweight), 8-inch shcll-gun.s. (OS hundredweight), 
Steel Field-gun (Army). 
tube; ft, j.tcket; C, elliptical chamber ; D, trunnion-rim ; h, 
: ; /', key-ring ; IS, base-ring ; 11. interrupted screw femicturc : 
;ire fas-check or obturator ; CA', bore. 
. 
sleeve , - 
/, Freire gas-check or 
amis-.! -pounders (1:2 in r>s hundred wi -inho. Now ships are 
spoken of as armed with tij-, I-.!-, Is -, !!>, 38-. etc., toiiKiins, 
the IB-ton 1:1111 throwing 4UO-iH>nnd projectiles, an<l i 
Ion (On AOO-poand, und no on, the weight of the ball rising 
with the weiu'lit of the iiir.'i'. < 'aniion wei^'liim: more than 
100 tons have r ..... nilv In 'i-ii li'iiMi-iK'tcil. Thf Km-ton nun 
is charged with 340 pounds of powder, am I discharge-, a liolt 
of steel or chilled inni weighing 2,000 jiounds. Cannon of 
the smaller call hers are. mounted on u heeled . an ia-r-* l'"i- 
service as licM-pieces. In the I nitcd state, ann> tin 
xuns in service are 8-, 10-, 13-, 15-, and 20-inch smoolh-lMire 
Hodman gum, and :i-, 3.2-, 4. !,-, -, and 12-Inch rifled guns. 
The American 8-incli ritled gun is the 10-Inch Kodinan 
smooth-bore, lined with a coiled wrought-iron or steel 
tiiln 1 . The :<.:>-incli KUU Is a steel aria-piece. '" tnc 
United States navy, -, 8-, and lu-lnuh steel guns have 
lieen adopted fur the cruisers of recent design. The prin- 
cipal parts of a cannon are : 1st, the breech, which Is tht) 
mass of solid metal behind the bottom or end uf the tore, 
and e\teiidiii'j to this base-ring ; 2d, in niiizzlc-loailin'.- MB- 
non, the cancabel, a projection in rear of the base-rinu', in- 
ciu linu' the fcnob the spherical part between the knob and 
Ilir hasc-rim; bcinji calleil the foi.iv i,f the breech; 3d, the 
1-fin.force, the thickest part of the cylinder, extending from 
the base-rill); forward ; 4th, the trunnion*, which project 
on each side, and serve to support the cannon ; 5th, the 
bore or caliber, the Interior of the cylinder, wherein the 
powder .nut shot are lodged, and which may lie smooth or 
rifled, though rifled cannons have virtually superseded the 
smooth-bores ; 6th, the muzzle or mouth of the here. Can- 
non are often made so as to be loaded at the breech, vari- 
ous devices being employed to effect this object. Cannon 
were formerly classed as whole cannons, demi-cannons, 
culverins, sakers, etc., but are now classified as guns, 
howitzers, carronades, and mortars ; also as Held-, moun- 
tain-, coast-, sea-, and siege-jtuiis. See I/IIM. 
2. In mack., a hollow cylindrical piece through 
which a revolving shaft passes, and which may 
revolve independently, A m 
and with a greater or less 
speed than that of the 
shaft. Such, for example, is 
the prolongation of the eye of a 
wheel when bored to fit a spindle 
or shaft on which It is intended 
to work loose, as the part a of the wheel A, loose on the 
shaft b. 
3. That part of a bit let into the horse's mouth. 
Also tMiion, cannon-bit, canon-bit. 4. The can- 
iion-bone. 6. The ear or loop of a bell by which 
it is suspended. Also spelled canon. 
Church bells used always to be hung by t! long ears, 
called canon* which cut a large piece out of the stock, 
and weakened it very much. 
Sir JS. Beckett, Clocks and Watches, p. 388. 
6. In surg., an instrument used in sewing up 
wounds. 7f. ]>! Ornamental rolls which ter- 
minated the breeches or hose at the knee. Min- 
slieu, 1617. Also written cantons, cannions, and 
canons. 
Tis pity that thon wast ever bred to be thrust through 
a pair of canton* ; thou wouldst have made a pretty foolish 
waiting-woman. 
Middleton, More Dissemblers Besides Women, I. 4. 
ChatlMC* li queue lie mtrlun, round lireeehes with strait 
ranniuiu, having on the seat a piece like a fishes tail, 
and worn by old men, scholars, and such niggardly or 
needy persons. Cniiimne. 
(Lord's Day.) This morning I put on my best black cloth 
suit ... with my black silk knit canon* 1 bought a month 
ago. Pepy, Diary, H. . 
8. [< cannon, v., 2.] In billiards, a carom : little 
used in the United States, but common in Great 
Britain. See carom Cannon of seven), cannon 
of eight 1 , cannon with a 7- or 8-inch liore. The latter 
was termed a cannon royal (which see, below). 
In the morning come Mr. Chichly to Sir W. Coventry. 
to tell him the ill success of the guns made for the Loyal! 
London ; which is, that in the trial every one of the great 
Kims the whole cannon oj seven, as I take it, broke in 
pieces. /'/'.", Diary, II. 4O4. 
Cannon royal, a cannon or big gwn formerly in use. It 
weighed S.OOO pounds, and was 12 feet lolif, the diann 1' i 
of the iKire lieini,' ,s inches. It carried a chart." 1 "' :i --! 
pounds of powder, and a bail weii.'liinu IS pounds. Also 
railed ivimiim nf i'llil (dial is. s-inch bore). E. Phillip*, 
1700. Rifled cannon, or rifle cannon, a piece of ord- 
nance in the surface of whose bore spiral grooves or rifles 
are cut to Impart rotation to the projectile. 
cannon (kan'on), r. I. [< F. canonner = Sp. 
cannHfiir=\'jf. run linn fnr = 11. riiiiiioiinri' : from 
the noun.] 1. To discharge cannon ; cannon- 
ade. 2. In liillinrrlx, to make a cannon or 
carom: hence. I" strike one tiling and then 
rebound and strike another; carom. [Grout 
Britain.] 
793 
Hie llmt [torpedo] struck on, of the Iron dads Just abaft 
the fore-chains, . . . did nut explode. Imt <ituni,fii olf MS 
ii ,-!, i.. n,. .v. .1. B*< . i \\\ n .-.. 
The train sent her violently forward against a woman, 
from whom she cannoned off against the brick-layer. 
Mia Toiacy't Miuion, p. w>. 
cannonade (knn-on-ad'), n. [= G. rimiuim/i. 
kfintiiiiidr, < 1''. riinnniiiiilr (= Pg. canlionada = 
It. riiiiiiniiiilii), < rniion. cannon: sro i-iiniinn 
and -//< '. | A continued discharge of cannon 
or artillery; specifically, such a discharge di- 
rected ugaiiist an enemy. 
cannonade (kan-on-ad'), r. ; pret. and pp. i-nn- 
iiniiiiili-il, ]'}'<. riiiiiniiiiiiiiiiij. [< eanHi>nnili; n.] 
I, trans. To attack with ordnance or artillery; 
batter with cauuon. 
II. intninH. To discharge can- 
non ; fire large guns. 
Itoth armies cannonaded all the ensu- 
ing day. Taller, So. OS. 
cannon-ball (kan'on-bal), n. A 
ball or missile, originally of stone, 
but now usually of cast-iron or 
steel, designed to be thrown from 
a cannon. Spherical projectiles are 
now to a great extent superseded by elon- 
gated ones, so that the term ball as applied 
to them is not literally correct. Can- 
non-ball mill, a mill for grinding certain 
kinds of dry materials. It consists of a 
cylinder ill which revolving cannon-balls 
rili - 1 the desired grinding. Cannon- 
ball tree, the Courmipita Guianentu,j>l 
tropical America, bearing a large globose 
fruit with a woolly shell. 
cannon-baskett (kan'on-bas'ket), 
n. A gabion. 
cannon-bit (kan'on-bit), n. Same 
as cannon, 3. 
cannon-bone (kan'on-bon), . In JjJ ^^ 
farriery and vet. surg., one of the whole u the me 
functional and complete meta- ,?!"* tewi c - 
carpal or metatarsal bones of a ii itwen the 
hoofed quadruped, supporting the The 
weight of the body upon the feet, jj*, 
The former, in the fore leg, extends from Jfthe' fore limb 
the carpus or so-called "knee ' to the fet- are (tie metacar- 
loek-joiti t, and the latter, in the hind leg, I"*- 
from the tarsus or "hock ' to the fetlock- 
joint. In a solidungulate, as the horse, the cannon-bone 
is the single (third) metacarpal or metatarsal ; In cloven- 
footed quadrupeds, as the ox, it is coniposed of two meta- 
carpals or metatarsals fused in one. The rudimentary or 
Cannon-bone of 
left hind leg of 
horse, seen from 
behind. 
t. the cannon- 
bone, being the 
middle metatar- 
sal bone, bearing 
a and 3, the two 
splint.bones. or 
Incomplete lateral metacarpals or metatarsals, on either 
side of the cannon-bone, are called *plintJx>nc*. The can- 
non-bone represents the extent of the limb from the carpo- 
metacarpal or tarsometatarsal articulation to the meta- 
carpo- or metatarsophalangeal articulation. Also spelled 
cawm-bone. 
cannon-bullet (kan'on-bul'et), n. A cannon- 
ball. [Bare.] 
cannoneer (kan-on-eV), n. [Also written can- 
nonirr; < P. canonnier (= It. cannoniere), < 
canon, cannon : see cannon and -eer.~\ One who 
takes part in the loading and discharging of 
cannon; an artilleryman. 
Let the kettle to the trumpet speak, 
The trumpet to the cannoneer without. 
Shale., Hamlet, v. :'. 
cannoneering (kan-on-er'ing), . [< cannoneer 
+ -ing 1 .'] yrhe act" or art of using cannons; 
practice with cannons. Also caniionieritig. 
Gunnery, cannom-fring, bombarding, mining. 
Burke, Vlnd. of Nat. Society. 
cannoningt (kan'on-ing), . f\ r erbal n. of 
cannon, c.] A loud noise, as of cannon. 
cannon-lock (kan'on-lok), . A contrivance 
lilaced over the touch-hole of a cannon to ex- 
plode the charge. 
cannon-pinion (kan'on-pin'yon), n. In a clock 
or watch, a squared tubular piece, placed on the 
arbor of the center-wheel, and adapted to hold 
the minute-hand. E. H. Knight. 
cannon-proof (kan'on-pr6f), a. Proof against 
cannon-shot. 
cannon-ranee (kan'on-ranj), n. The range of 
a cannon ; the whole field that can be reached 
with projectiles from a cannon, or the cannon 
of a given battery or port ; cannon-shot : as, to 
come within cannon-raniji: 
cannonry (kan'on-ri), n. [< cannon + -ry.~\ 
Artillery; cannon in general. [Rare.] 
cannon-snot (kan'on-shot), n. 1. A ball or 
shot for cannon. 2. The range or distance a 
cannon will throw a ball. 
cannon-stove (kan'on-stov), n. A tall cylin- 
drical stove, somewnat resembling a cannon set 
up on its breech. 
Cannopylea (kan'o-pi-le'a), n. pi. [XI,., < 
Gr. MIITH. a rend, + -i //,. a gate.] A group or 
legion of nuliolarians: same as I'luroilaria. 
Cannoraphididae (ka-nor-u-fid'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Caniioraphis (-pliid-) + -id<e.] A fam- 
canoe 
ily of iihii'ixlarian radiolarinn-. nitlt a krli-tn 
couHiating of dfliidn'd liolln\\ tulx-s or rcticu- 
luti-d pici-rs of M|I'.\, ilc]ioiti-il lam,'''Mliully 
around the central cajiKiili-. Also called f'an- 
niirliiii'/iiiln. llnifl, ' I. 
Cannoraphis (ku-nor'a-fiH), n. [NL., < <ir. 
nawa, >i n i-il. + pa<^(, a needle, also a needle- 
shaped fish, < ia'rxTiiv, sew.] The typical genus 
of the family i '<iiiii<irii/>l<iili<ke. Also (.'annorha- 
i>hif. 
Cannosphaera (kan-o-rfS'rll), . [NL., < Gr. 
kin-Hi, a rccd, + ofaipa, sphere.] The typical 
1,'i'iiiis of tin 1 family ' HHII>I.-I>IH imlu. 
Cannosphaeridae (kau-o-sfe ri-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Cannit.iiiha.-ra + -i<lie.] A family of pheeo- 
darian radiolarians with a fenestrated shell, 
spherical or subspherical, and double. The in- 
ner shell (medullar layer) Is composed simply of solid 
beams: the outer (cortical layer), of hollow tubes with ra- 
dial spicules at the nodes of junction. The two layers 
are connected hy hollow radial rods. AluuCaitnvtpherida. 
BMW. 
cannot (kan'ot). A way of writing can not, 
due to the silencing in pronunciation of one of 
the n's. 
cannula (kan'u-lft), n. [L. (ML. also canula), 
dim. of caiina, a ireed, pipe: see cane 1 .] 1. A 
small tube used by surgeons for various pur- 
poses, as for a sheath to a stylet or other sharp 
instrument, along with which it in thrust into a 
cavity or tumor containing a fluid. The |.erfo. 
ration being made, the sharp instrument is withdraw n and 
the tube left, in order that the fluid may pass through it 
AlMMnu/a. 
2. Kcclea., a cruet for use at the altar. See 
cruet. Bellocq's cannula, an instrument for plugging 
the posterior nares to stop bleeding from the nose. 
cannular (kan'u-lar), . f< cannula + -ar 8 .] 
Tubular; having the form of a tube. Also can- 
ular. 
cannulate (kan'u-lat), v. t. ; pret. and pp. can- 
nulated, ppr. cannulaling. [< cannula -r -ate 3 ."] 
To make hollow, like a cannula Cannulated 
needle, a surgeon's needle made hollow to allow a wire 
or thread to pass through its entire length. 
canny, cannie (kan'i), a. [Sc., of uncertain 
origin ; popularly associated with con 1 , n., skill, 
knowledge, ability, and cunningl, knowing, and 
thus ult. with can 1 , r., know; but perhaps ult. 
dne to Icel. ktenn (for far/in, i. e., koenn). wise, 
skilful, expert, clever, = AS. cene, bold, E. keen, 
sharp (cf. E. nharji in a riimilur sense): see 
teen 1 .] A term of commendation of various 
application. 1. Knowing; cautious; prudent; 
wary; watchful; cunning; artful; crafty. 
I trust in Hod to use the world as a cannii and cunning 
master doth a knave servant llutherford. Letters. 
Whale cr he wins I'll guide with canny care. 
hatHMy. 
White-tall [deer] are very canny, and know perfectly 
well what threatens danger and what does not 
T. KooKMll, Hunting Trips, p. 113. 
2. Skilled; handy; expert. 
Ills wife was a cannie liody, and could dress things very 
well for ane in her line o' business. Scott , Old Mortality, v. 
3. Moderate; reasonable, (a) In expense: Frugal: 
not extravagant (fc) In charges or exactions: Not extor- 
tionate, (r) In conduct : Not severe. 
4. Quiet ; easy ; soft (a) Quiet In disposition ; gen- 
tle ; tractable, (b) Quiet In movement : still: slow. 
Ill be her nurse, and I'll gang aboot on my atockln* 
soles as canny as pussy. 
Uf. John Broirn, Rah and his Friends. 
(e) Snug; comfortable; neat 
Kdge me Into some canny post Jtanuay. 
6. Safe ; not dangerous ; fortunate; lucky. 6. 
Good; worthy. 7. Possessed of supernatural 
power; skilled in magic. 
Canny Elshie, or the Wise Wight o' Miirkelstane Moor. 
Scott, Black Dwarf, p. . 
canny, cannie (kan'i), adv. [8c.] In a canny 
manner : cannily ; cautiously ; gently ; slowly. 
Ye'll tak me in your anus twa, lo. lift me rarini>. 
Bonnie Annie, in Child's Ballads, III. 48. 
Speak her fair and canny. Scoff, Pirate, I. 66. 
Ca' cannie (literally, drive gentlyX proceed with caution ; 
don't act rashly. (Scotch.) 
canoat, ". [See ranoe.] A canoe. Raleigh. 
CanoblC (ka-nob'ik), a. Same as Canmiic. 
canoe (ka-no"), M. and a. [Early mod. E. canoo, 
raiioir, MMMM. orig. canoa; = Pg. It. canon = 
F. rannt = D. itanoo = Sw. kanot = Dan. kann, 
< Sp. canoa, < candoa, the native West Indian 
(Carib) name.] I. n. A light boat designed to 
be propelled by a paddle or paddles held in the 
hands without fixed supports. The canoe* of sav- 
age races are constructed of bark (as the birch-bark canoe 
of the American Indians) or hides, or formed of the trunks 
of trees, excavated hy hnrtiiin.' or cutting them into a suit- 
able shape. The birch-bark canoes are Hunt and can be 
carried on the shoulders, one larjre enough for four per- 
