capital 
dividual wealth, is available fur further pro- 
duction; an accumulation "I tin' (u-odiirts of 
pasl hilior capable of bein;; used in thu support 
of present or future labor. 
\Vlmt ^'ft/it'll <loes for pnMiirt ion iH to nlToril the shel- 
ter, protection, tool,, aii'l tnnti ii:ils \\hieh tin- work re 
3 Hires, anil to fec.l ail'l otherwise m lintani tin- l:il.i<i 
nriny the process. . . . WliateyerthiiiL'?> arc destined for 
this use destined to supply prodnciiie i.ii,,,r with these 
various prerequisites an- '-<i^i/'i/ 
./. N. Mill. l'.,l. Kcoii., I. Iv. | 1. 
Capital . . . U thiit pnrt of wealth. . \. lu.lin- nnhn 
proyeil land ami natural a;;eiiu, . . . irhicb UdeTOted to 
the production of wealth. K A. M'liK.T, I'ol. KCOII., |73. 
2. Kpei'itieally. the wealth employed in carry- 
ing on a particular trade, manufacture, busi- 
ness, or undertaking; stock in trade; the actual 
estate, whether in money or property, which is 
owned and employed by an individual, firm, or 
corporation in business. A commonly used to in- 
dicate llnancial return-en, it implies ownership, ami <!"* - 
not, without iHialitlcatioli, include borrowed nioiify. 
With reference to ii corporation, it is the aggregate of the 
sum subscribed anil paid in, or secured to l>e puiil in, hy 
the shareholders, with the addition of all undivided L-.-UM 
or pn Mils reali/.eil ill the use and investment of those sums ; 
or if losses have been incurred, then it is the residue after 
deducting such losses. See ttix-k. 
3. Figuratively, productive resources of any 
kind, whether physical or moral ; means of in- 
fluence or of increasing one's power. 
'I In i.onl., have no constituents to tulk to, and no 
speeches to make merely as political nii'itnl. ijn<n-f /,'. / 
Active capital. See active. Circulating capital, 
Mint part of capital which is consumed in, or assiiin. -.-, a 
new form hy the effect of, a single, use, or, having heen 
once used, ceases to l>e directly availahle for the same ser- 
vice, as the wages of laborers, or the raw matt-rials used 
in the manufacture of any article. 
Capital which . . . fulfils the whole of its office in the 
production in which it U engaged, by a single use, is culled 
Circulating Capital. J. S. Mill, Pol. Econ., I. vl. f 1. 
Fixed capital, capital which is of a permanent character 
and Is available for more than a simile use, as the build- 
ings in which and the machinery by which articles are 
manufactured. 
Capital which exists in any of these durable shapes, and 
the return to which is spread over a period of correspond- 
ing duration, is called Fixed Capital. 
J. S. Mill, Pol. Econ., I. vi. f 1. 
To make capital Of, to seize and use for the furtherance 
of private advantage or party purposes. 
capital 3 (kap'i-tal), . [< ME. cajritale, prop. 
"eapitel, = OF. chapitel, P. chapiteau = Pr. Sp. 
Pg. capitel = It. capitello = G. capital, kapita'l 
= D. kapiteel = Dan. kapita-l=Svr. kapital, < L. 
capitellum, the head of a column or pillar, also 
lit. a little head (see rapitcllitm and cadet), dim. 
of caput (capit-), head : see capital 1 , caput.'] 1. 
The nead or uppermost member of anything. 
Spccillcally, in arch., the uppermost part of a column, 
pillar, or pilaster, which serves as the crown of the shaft, 
capital 4 } (kap'i-tal), M. [< MK. nipitel, cnj>itl< 
lat 
(partly < AS. rapilnl), also ,-i-siliilateil 
Ifl, rliii/iil/i-, rlm/iUrr, ( ()!'. I'li/nlli; rlinpitli; 
i-hiijiiln . V . i-liii/ji/i'i Sp. i-niiitiiln = I'c;. cn- 
jiiliiln = It. i-iipititln D. kiip/iiti-l = <i. fiipilil 
== Dan. hi/iilfl = S\v. ci//>i/i I. < I,, rapitiilum, a 
chapter, lit. a little head, dim. of ra/mt (m/iit-), 
head: see </)/, and ef. rlm/iti r. '/m/d'Cer, doub- 
lets of r/ii//'. ] A chapter or section of a 
book. 
capitalisation, capitalise. See capitalization, 
Meiltcv.il C.iiiiMl. Abbey of Vizclay, nth century. ( From Viotlet- 
le-Duc's " Diet, de 1' Architecture." ) 
and as a member of transition between it and the entab- 
lature, or oilier portion of the structure above the pillar. 
In classical architecture the different orders have their 
respective appropriate capitals: but ill the Kgyptian, In- 
dian. Moorish, r.y/.antinc. and medieval styles the capital.- 
are endlessly diversilled. 
2. In fort., the line which bisects the salient 
angle of a ravelin. 3. The head of a still, a 
chimney, etc Angular capital, a term applied to 
the modem Ionic capital, which has four similar side* and 
all its volutes placed at all angle of 1 .'(.'. with the plain- of 
the frieze. See nimls-nijiital. laS& Of the Ionic Capi- 
tal. Sec (iTMl. 
capital 3 (kap'i-tal). r. t. ; pret. and pp. c<//./- 
tnli'il m-fii/iitiillni. ppr. cniiitiili!iiir ciii>it<ttlin</. 
[< I'lipilaP, .] To furnish or crown with a 
capital, as a pillar or column. [Rare.] 
The uhite coin fiiiiittillrtl with gilding. 
Clinriult, Hu'llt:; Villeltc. XX. 
capitalism (kap'i-tiil-izm), M. [< 
-/.</.] 1. The state of having capital or prop- 
erty ; possession of capital. 
lite sense of capitalism solwred and dignified Paul de 
Klorac. Thackeray, Newcomes, xlvi. 
2. The concentration or massing of capital in 
the hands of a few ; also, the power or influence 
of large or combined capital. 
Industry is carried on hy the concentration of large 
sums of capital ; It i> there (in England ] that capitalism has 
developed most largely, and has thus prepared the causes 
of its own destruction. 
Orpen, tr. of LaveUye's Socialism, p. 209. 
The working-men mid the journals out of sympathy 
with their aims and aspirations, and have learnt to regard 
them as hopelessly suliservient U> what they call capital- 
A*. A. Ufa., GQOln. 312. 
capitalist (kap'i-tal-ist), n. [< capital* + -ist; 
= P. rapitaliste.] "One who has capital ; espe- 
cially, a man of large property which is or may 
be employed in business. 
I take the expenditure of the eapitalitt, not the value 
of the capital, as my standard. Burtt, A Regicide Peace. 
I wish to see workmen becoming by degrees their own 
capitaM*, sharers In all the profits and all the advan- 
tages which capital confers. Jtvoni, Social Reform, p. 119. 
capitalistic (kap'i-ta-lis'tik), a. [< capitalist 
+ -if.] Of or pertaining to capital or capital- 
ists; representing or carried on by capital or 
capitalists ; founded on or believing in capital- 
ism: as, capitalistic production; capitalistic 
opinions. 
He [Laasalle] tells the workingmen . . . that tin- great 
industrial centres are the germs of the future state, in 
which the capitali*tic shall be superseded by the socialistic 
method of production. (J. S. Hall, Herman Culture, p. 63. 
The characteristic feature of the capitalistic system of 
production is that industry is controlled hy capitalists 
employing free wage-lalKiur ; that is, while the capitalist 
owns and controls the means of production, the free la 
liourer has lost all ownership in land and capital and has 
nothing to depend on hut his wage. 
Jinryc. Brit., XXII. 212. 
capitalization 1 (kap'i-tal-i-za'shon), n. [< 
capitalize 1 + -ation.~\ Tfie use of capital let- 
ters at the beginning of words in writing or 
printing. Also spelled capitalisation. 
capitalization' 2 (kap'i-tal-i-za'shon), . [< 
capitalize^ + -ation; = F. capitalisation.'] The 
act Of capitalizing, (a) The application of wealth M 
capital, especially in large amounts, to the purposes of 
trade, manufactures, etc. 
Economics, then, is not solely the science of Exchange 
or Value : it Is also the science of Capitalisation. 
Jecmut, Pol. Econ., p. 241. 
(6) The act of computing or realizing the present value 
of a periodical payment. (< > Conversion into capital : as, 
the creditors consented to the capitalization of half their 
claims. Also spelled rapitalinatton. 
capitalize 1 (kap'i-tal-iz), r, f. ; pret. and pp. 
cajtitali^ed, ppr. capitalizing. [< capital 1 + 
-izc. ] To begin with a capital letter : as, to 
capitalize the first word of a sentence. Also 
spelled cii/iifiilitif, and abbreviated to cap. 
capitalize' 2 (kap'i-tal-iz), r. t. ; pret. and pp. cap- 
italized, ppr. capitalizing. [< capital? + -ize; = 
F. capitalixer.] To convert into capital or into 
an equivalent capital sum. (a) To convert (wealth 
or other property) into capital which may be used for 
purposes of trade, manufactures, etc. (6) To compute or 
realize the present value of In money: applied to the 
conversion of a periodical payment for a definite or an in- 
definite length of time into a single payment or capital 
sum : as, to capitalize a pension ; to capitalize rents. 
As to the project of capitalizing Incomes, that Is an- 
other affair. London Time*, Jan. 22, 185. 
(a) To convert (floating debt) into stock or shares. Also 
spelled capitalist. 
capitally (kap'i-tal-i), adv. 1. By the loss of 
one's head or life. 
He was punished capitally. 
HIL 1'iitriet. Paraphrases and Com., Gen. xliii. !.">. 
2. In a capital manner; in a preeminent de- 
gree; excellently; finely: as, she sang capitally. 
Away here in the wild Balkan mountains, there Is old 
Mr. Soineliodypoff'sson, . . . who talks English capitally. 
J. Balrrr, Turkey, p. 221. 
capitalness (kap'i-tal-nes), . The state 
or quality of being capital: preeminence. 
[Hare.] 
capitibranchiate 
capitan-pacha, . See rii/itiiin-p<iMli. 
capitata, ". I'lnral of i-<//>i/<;^w. 
capitate (kap'l tit), a. [<L.Mptt>*M,haTiac 
head, <. rii/iiit (rii/iit ). head: see ti/iut.] 1. In 
In/I., head shaped, or collected in a head, M a 
dense terminal cluster of sessile or nearly M- 
sile flowers; having a rounded head: as, &capi- 
tate stigma. 2. In ornith., having an enlarged 
extremity: as, the capitate feather of a pea- 
cock's tail. 3. In (!., suddenly enlarged 
at the end HO as to fonn a ball or oval maw*: 
applied to the antennm of in-.-.-u when this 
form is produced by several expanded terminal 
joints, as in most of t< .//</. 
capitation ( kap-i-ta'shon), ri. [= F. capitation, 
poll-tax, < iiL. eapUamoi -), the poll-tax, < L. 
rnput (capit-), head: gee caput.'] 1. Numera- 
tion by the head ; a numbering of persons, as 
the inhabitants of a city. 
"Baptize all nations" must signify all that it can sig- 
nify, all that are reckoned in the rapttatiom and account* 
of a nation. ra<il.,r. Works (ed. 1835), I. IK. 
2. A tax or imposition upon each head or per- 
son ; a poll-tax. Sir T. Browne. Also called 
a capitation-tax. 
\ < i raintation or other direct tax shall lie laid unless In 
pro|u>rtlon to the census or enumeration herein before di- 
rected to lie taken. Cutut. "/ (/. S. 
Capitation grant, a grant of so much per head ; specifi- 
cally, in (Ireat Britain, a grant annually paid by govern- 
ment to schools on account of each pupil who paatei a 
certain test examination, and to volunteer military com- 
panies on account of such inemliers as reach the stage of 
"efficient*." 
capitatum (kap-i-ta'tum), n.; pi. capitata 
(-tft). [NL., neut. of L. capitatus, headed: see 
capitate."] The large capitate bone of the 
carpus, more fully called os capitatum; the os 
magnum. See cut under hand. 
Capitella (kap-i-tel'ft), n. [NL. , fern. dim. of L. 
caput (capit-), head: see caput.] 1. The typi- 
cal genus of the family Capitellitla; : synony- 
mous with Lumbriconaus. 2. [/. c.] Plural of 
eapttellum. 
capitellar (kap-i-tel'ar), a. [< L. capitellum, a 
small head, the capital of a column, dim. of 
caput (capit-), beau: see caititellum.] Of or 
pertaining to a capitellum. 
capitellate (kap-i-tel'at), a. [< NL. capitella- 
tux, < L. capitellum, a little head: see capitel- 
lum.'] 1. In hot., growing in small heads. 2. 
Having a capitellum or capitulum. 
CapitellidsB (kap-i-tel'i-de), . pi. [NL., < 
I'apitella + -ir/<r.] A family of marine poly- 
cKietous annelids, typified by the genus Ca- 
pitella, lacking parapodia, and having the 
vascular system reduced or wanting. Other 
genera of this family are \otomastus and Da- 
capitelliform (kap-i-teri-f6rm),a. [< L. capi- 
tellum (see cairiteflum) + forma, form.] Same 
as capituliform. 
capitellum (kap-i-tel'um), n. ; pi. capitella (-ft). 
[L., a small head, dim. of caput (capit-), head: 
gee caput, capital 3 , and cadet 1 .'] 1. In anat. : 
(a) The rounded convex 
articular eminence upon 
the distal extremity of 
the humerug (capitellum 
humcri)j which is re- 
ceived in the cup-shaped 
bead of the radius, (b) 
The head of a rib (capi- 
tilluiii roxttr), as distin- 
" guished from the tuber- 
culuni or shoulder. Also 
called ca]>ilutitm. 2. In 
:<M>I., the tentacular por- 
tion of the body or the 
tnut cpkonjyic; . hydranth of a hydroid 
" polyp; that part of the 
hydranth which bears 
tentacles and appears to be analogous to a 
head. 
The ahoral pole grows out into a stalk-like part, which 
carries the head, and is distinguished as the capitellum or 
hydranth. ffqsMMBJVvOQBph Anat. (trans.), p. 92. 
Capitibranchia, Capitibranchiata (kap i-ti- 
brang'ki-S, -brang-ki-a'tii). n. pi. [XL.: see 
eopWaVMMMate.] Same as Cephalobranckia. 
capitibranchiate (kap'i-ti-brang'ki-at), a. [< 
NL. capitibranchiatus, also capitobranchiatus, < 
L. caput (capit-), head, + branchiir, gills.] Same 
as cephalobranrl 
In the tnbicoloui capita-branchial? forms. 
Clant, Zoology (trans. X p. S77. 
In some capita-branchiate rhctopods cartilage forms a 
skeletal support for the gill plume*. 
yr Brit.. XVI 876. 
I,ower end of Left Human Hu* 
menu { front view ). 
a, inter 
external e 
lea; rf, capitellum. 
