cardiogmus 
aneurism of the heart or aorta; dilatation of 
the heart; angina peeloi -is. 
cardiognostict, a. [< Or. i/w!i'a, = E. licart, + 
ywjo-r/Kdf, knowing.] Knowing the heart; know- 
ing the secret thoughts of men. Krrsry, 1708. 
cardiogram (kiirMi-ii-gram), . [< Gr. Ktipfiia, 
= E. Mart, + ypAuua, a writing.] In />lii/xiol., 
a tracing taken with the cardiograph from the 
of the heart. 
cardiograph (kiir'di-o-graf), n. [< Or. copdta, = 
K. licart, + ypafyett', write.] In /il/yxiol., an ap- 
paratus for recording by a tracing the move- 
ments of the heart. li counts essentially of a device 
(as a hollow cup eontainiui; a spring pressed against the 
chest) for producing ill an claslie diaphragm vilirntiuna 
whieh correspond to tile movements of the heart, these 
vibrations being reeonled |py means (if a lever in a tracing 
upon a revolving cylinder. It was i?ivented l>> Marey ; 
in his original exptTimmts lie introdueed hollow sounds 
ending in cla-tic ampulla' into the auricles and ventricles 
of the heart of a horse. 
cardiography (kiir-di-og'ra-Ii), n. [Also writ- 
ten (in sense 1) less correctly cartliin/ni/ilii/ ; 
= V. I'linlini/riiiiliii: and less correctly cardia- 
yrajiliii-, < (Jr. Ka/ttita, = E. heart, + -ypatyia, < 
fpoQm; write. J 1. An anatomical description 
of the heart. 2. Examination with the cardio- 
graph. 
Cnrdi>}rai>lni. in which a tracing is ohlaineil of the pul- 
sations o'f the heart. /'</'. .sW. .I/"., XXV. 13. 
The Cantioid. 
cardioid 1 (kiir'di-oid), re. [< Gr. K 
heart-shaped, < napi'ia, = E. heart, 
fonn.] A curve wliich may be 
considered as the path of a 
point on the circumference of 
a circle which rolls on another 
circle of equal size. 
cardioid'- 3 (kiir'di-oid), a. [< 
Cardiuni + -oid.~\ Resembling 
or having the characters of the 
('anliidn: 
Cardioidea (kiir-di-oi'de-a), n. 
pi. [NL., < Cardinal + -oidea.] A group of 
cardioid bivalves. 
cardio-inhlbitory (kar // di-6-in-hib'i-to-ri), a. 
[< Gr. KapiVa, = E. heart, + inhibitory.] In 
physiol., stopping the pulsations of the heart 
or diminishing their frequency and strength. 
cardiology (kar-di-ol'o-ji), n. [= F. cardinlii- 
gic (cf. Sp. Pg. oarMalogia), < NL. cardiologia, 
< Gr. napSia, = E. licart, + -toyia, < Wyv, speak : 
see -ology.] In anat. and physiol., a discourse 
or treatise on the heart ; a scientific statement 
of the facts relating to the heart. 
cardiomalacia (kar'di-o-ma-la'shi-a), n. [NL., 
< Gr. Ktipdia, = E. heart, + [iaAaida, softness, < 
/MAaK6f, soft.] In pathol., morbid softening of 
the muscular tissue of the heart, especially from 
obstruction of a branch of the coronary arteries. 
cardiometry (kar-di-om'e-tri), n. [< Gr. napdia, 
= E. heart, + ufrpov, measure.] In anat., the 
process of ascertaining the dimensions of the 
heart without dissection, as by means of per- 
cussion or auscultation. 
cardiopalmus (kar"di-o-pal'mus), n. [NL., < 
Gr. Ka/idia, = E. heart, -r ira^.p.6^, palpitation, 
quivering, < irdXAcn', poise, sway, swing, quiver.] 
In pathol., palpitation of the heart. 
cardiopericarditis (kar'di-6-per'i-kar-di'tis), 
n. [NL., < Gr. naptiia, = E. heart, + irepiKapftov, 
pericardium: see pericardium.] In pathol., in- 
flammation of the heart-muscle and pericar- 
dium. 
cardiopneumatic (karMi-o-nu-mafik), a. [< 
Gr. KapSia, = E. heart, + irvevfia(T-'), lung: see 
pneumatic.] Pertaining both to the heart and 
to the air of the lungs and air-passages: as, 
cardiopneumatic movement, the movement of 
the air in the air-passages by the beating of the 
heart. 
cardiopulmonary (kaVdi-o-pul'mo-na-ri), a. 
[< Gr. KapAia, = E. heart, + L. pulmo(n-), lung: 
see pulmonary.] Pertaining both to the heart 
and to the lungs. Also cardiac-pulmonic. 
cardiopyloric (kiir"di-d-pi-lor'ik), a. [< Gr. 
KapAia, = E. heart, + Kv}.up&f, pylorus : see py- 
lorus, pyloric.] Of or pertaining to the cardiac 
and pylorie portions of the stomach. Cardio- 
pylorlo muscle (of the stomach of certain crustaceans, 
as the crawfish), one of a pair of muscles which pass, one 
on each side, beneath the lining of the stomach, from the 
cardiac to the pyloric ossicles. 
cardiorhexiu (kar*di-o-rek'sis), re. [NL., < Gr. 
KapAia, = E. heart, + pijt-if, a breaking, rupture, 
< ptryvvvat, break.] Rupture of the heart. 
cardiostenosis (kar"di-o-ste-np'sis), re. [NL., 
< Gr. KapAia, = E. heart, + a-h'untf, a narrow- 
ing,< arevovv, make narrow, < orevof, narrow.] A 
narrowing of the couus arteriosus of the heart. 
821 
cardiotomy (kiir-di-ot'6-mi), n. [= P. earilin- 
linini', < Gr. Ka/idia, = E. heart, + ro/tf/. a cut- 
ting: sec iniiiliniii/.] Dissection of the heart. 
cardiotromus (kar-di-ot'ro-mus), n. [NL., < 
Gr. KapAia, = E. In "art, + rptiitiv = L. tn /< rr, 
tremble: sec tr<-ii<li/<:] In /intlinl., fluttering of 
the heart, especially a slight degree of that af- 
fection. 
carditis (kiir-di'tis). n. [NL. (> F. cardite), 
< (Jr. KafMa, = E. li/art, + -i/ix.] In pathol., 
inflammation of the muscular substance of the 
heart; myocarditis. 
Cardium (kilr'di-um), n. [NL., < Gr. KapAia = E. 
Itciirt, q. v.] The typical genus of the family 
Cardiidii', embracing the true cockles, of which 
the beat-known species is the common edible 
One, (.'. fdlllf. The large prickly cockle isC. CI/(.',<I ,/,. 
Ill tliis ^'1'iiiis Hie foot is largely de\'eloped, and used not 
only in progression, but also in the excavation of hollows 
in the sand or mud. l',\ some authors the C. costatum of 
Africa is considered as the type, while by others it is re- 
garded as representing a distinct genus, Tropidocardiuin. 
See cut under <,/,. 
card-maker (Urd'mi'kte). n. One who makes 
cards; specifically, one who makes cards for 
combing wool or flax. 
Am not I Christopher Sly, old Sly's son, of Burton- 
heath ; by birth a pedler, by education a card-maker, by 
transmutation a bear-herd, and now by present profession 
a tinker? SUk, T. of the S., Ind., 11. 
card-match (kard'mach), n. One of the matches 
formerly made by dipping in melted sulphur 
(now in the usual preparation for friction- 
matches) a thin strip of wood in the form of a 
toothed card. 
It should be my care to sweeten and mellow the voices 
of these itinerant tradesmen, . . . and to take care in par- 
ticular that those may not make the most noise who have 
the least to sell, which is very observable in the venders 
of card-ntatches. Addixvn, London Cries. 
cardo (kiir'do), re. ; pi. cardines (-di-nez). [L., 
a hinge: see cardinal.] 1. In conch., the hinge 
of a bivalve shell. 2. In en torn., the basal joint 
of the maxilla, a narrow transverse piece, artic- 
ulating with the lower side of the head. See 
cuts under Hymenoptera and Insecta. 3. In 
Myriapoda, the distal or exterior one of two 
pieces of which the protomala or so-called 
mandible consists, the other piece being the 
stipes. See protomala, and cut under epila- 
bruiit. A. S. Packard. 
cardol (kiir'dol), re. [< NL. (ana)card(ium), <j. v., 
+ -ol.] An oily liquid (C2iH 3 0O 2 ) contained 
in the pericarp of the cashew-nut, Anacardium 
occidentale. It is a powerful blistering agent. 
cardoon, chardoon (kar-, char-d6n'), n. [< ME. 
cardoun, < OF. cordon, chardon, F. cordon = Sp. 
cardan, cardo, cardoon, lit. thistle, < ML. car- 
do(n-), another form of cardus, carduus, a this- 
tle : see card 2 .] If. A thistle. 2. The Cynara 
Cardunculus, a perennial plant belonging to 
the same genus as the artichoke, and some- 
what resembling it. It is a native of the countries 
bordering the Mediterranean. Its thick fleshy stalks and 
the ribs of its leaves are blanched and eaten in Spain and 
France as a vegetable. 
cardophagUS (kar-dpf'a-gus), n. ; pi. cardo- 
phagi (-JI). IK Gr. icapfaf (= L. carduus), a this- 
tle (see card*), + ipayetv, eat.] An eater of 
thistles; hence, a donkey. [Humorous.] 
Kick and abuse him, you who have never brayed ; but 
bear with him all honest fellow cardophayi; long-eared 
messmates, recognize a brother donkey ! 
Thackeray, Virginians, xix. 
card-party (kard^ar^ti), n. A number of per- 
sons met for card-playing. 
card-player (kard pla/er), n. One who plays 
at games of cards. 
card-playing (kard'pla/ing), n. Playing at 
games of cards. 
card-rack (kard'rak), n. 1. A rack or frame for 
holding cards, especially visiting-cards. 
The empty card-rack over the mantelpiece. Thackeray. 
2. A small shelf or case on the outside of a 
freight-car, used to hold the shipping direc- 
tions. [U. S.] 
card-Sharper (kard 'shiir* per), re. One who 
cheats in playing cards; one who makes it a 
business to fleece the unwary in games of 
cards. 
card-table (kiird'ta^l), n. A table on which 
cards are played. 
card-tray (kard'tra), re. A small salver for a 
servant to receive and delivervisiting-cards on. 
carduet, n. [ME. carduc, < L. carduus, a this- 
tle: see card*.] A thistle. 
The cardtie, that is, a low erbe, and ful of thornes. 
Wydif, 4 [21 Ki. xiv. 9 (Purv.). 
Carduelis (kar-du-e'lis), re. [L., the thistle- 
finch, goldfinch, < carduus, a thistle : see card 2 .] 
care 
A genus of oscine passerine birds, of the fam- 
ily friiiaillitlir, having as type />/</'"" 'nrilnr- 
tix, the European goldfinch, now usually called 
Canllll'lix I-II-IJIIIIK. The limits of the genus \ar.v -I. .it 
ly; to it are often referred the ,-i^kin. ' '" //,/,- i ,<n>, and 
the canary, C. canarin. It has hern extended to ineludc 
the American goldfinches, now usually referred torA///> 
ntitn'n or Antr<tnli"*. Ser goUJtneh, 
Carduus (kitr'du-us), M. [L., a thistl. : we 
carrf 2 .] A genus of erect herbs, natural order 
Ci>iii]ii>nitti; resembling the thistles (('/<,), 
from which they arc distinguished by the fad, 
that the bristles of the pappus are not plumose. 
They are mostly natives of the Mfdit- rninean n-i,m. 
The most common species is the blesseil thistle. <'. (or 
I'n /,,/.*) ';,, ',/iVh/x, or 1',',i//nn-'-it h,'i-'lu-hi . st.nn Mini-- I'll 1 
tivated for ornament, and widely naturalized. In former 
times it was held in lii^li esteem as a remedy for all man- 
ner of diseases. 
care (kar), n. [< ME. care, sorrow, anxiety, < 
AS. ceuru, earn, sorrow, anxiety, grid', = < >S. 
kara, lament, =OH(.J. /,<//. rlmni. lament (rsp. 
in comp.chara-.sang, a lament, MH<i. Karlm; 
(ttic = E. day), also Kiirrrittir, H. l\nr-, I'lmr 
freitag, Good Friday, MHG. Kariccli<-, ( i. Knr-, 
Char-woche, Passion week; cf. E. Can Ximiliii/, 
Chare Thursday), = Goth . karti, sorrow ; cf . Icel . 
kcera, complaint, murmur; akin to OHO. </<- 
ran, sigh. The primary sense is that of inward 
grief, and the word is not connected, either 
in sense or form, with L. curti, care, of which 
the primary sense is pains or trouble bestow- 
ed upon something: see cure. Doublet chare 
(in Chare Thursday); deriv. chari/, q. v.] If. 
Grief; sorrow; affliction; pain; distress. 
He was feeble ami old. 
And wyth cv//r and sorwe ouercome. 
Hull, of Gloucester, p. 801. 
Fro pointe to pointe I wol declare 
And writen of my woful <-, !,>. 
Oower, Conf. Amant., L 44. 
" Phoebus, that first fond art of medicine," 
Quod she, "and coude in every wightes care 
Remede and rede, by heroes he knew fyne." 
Chaucer, Troilus, 1. 680. 
2. Concern; solicitude; anxiety; mental dis- 
turbance, unrest, or pain caused by the appre- 
hension of evil or the pressure of many burdens. 
Care keeps his watch in every old man's eye, 
And where care lodges sleep will never lie. 
SA*., R. and J., li. 3. 
If I have cares in my mind I come to the Zoo, and fancy 
they don't pass the gate. 
Thackeray, Round alxnit the Christinas Tree. 
3. Attention or heed, with a view to safety or 
protection; a looking to something; caution; 
regard ; watchfulness : as, take care of yourself. 
I am mad indeed, 
And know not what I do. Yet have a care 
Of me in what thou dost. 
Beau, and Fl., Maid's Tragedy, ill. 2. 
Want of Care does us more Damage than Want of Know- 
ledge. Franklin, Poor Richard's Almanack, 1758. 
4. Charge or oversight, implying concern and 
endeavor to promote an aim or accomplish a 
purpose: as, he was under the care of a phy- 
sician. 
That which cometh upon me daily, the care of all the 
churches. 2 Cor, xi. 28. 
In most cases the care of orthography was left to the 
printers. Southey, Life of Bunyan, p. 40. 
The musical theatre was very popular in Venice as early 
as the middle of the seventeenth century ; an, 1 the care of 
the state for the drama existed from the first. 
Umeelln, Venetian Life, v. 
5. An object of concern or watchful regard and 
attention. 
la she thy care ? Dri/den. 
His first care is his dresse, the next his bodie, and in the 
raiting of these two lies his soule and its faculties. 
Bp. Earle, Micro-cosmographie, A Gallant. 
Extraordinary care, ordinary care. See the adjec- 
tives. Take care, be careful ; beware. To have a 
care. See have.- To have the care Of, to have charge 
of. = Syn. Care, Concern, Solicitude, Anxiety. Care is the 
widest in its range of meaning ; it may be with or without 
feeling, with or without action : as, the care of a garden. 
In Its strongest sense, care is a painful burden of thought, 
perhaps from a multiplicity and constant pressure of 
things to be attended to : as, the child was a great care to 
her. Concern and solicitude are a step higher in intensity. 
Concern is often a regret for painful facts. Care and am- 
cern may represent the object of the thought and feeling ; 
the others represent only the mental state : as, it shall be 
my chief concern. Solicitude is sometimes tenderer than 
concern, or Is attended with more manifestation of feeling. 
Anxiety is the strongest of the four words ; it is a restless 
dread of some evil. As compared with solicitude, it is 
more negative : as, solicitude to obtain preferment, to help 
a friend ; anxiety to avoid an evil. We speak of care for 
an aged parent, concern for her comfort, solicitttde to leave 
nothing undone for her welfare, anxiety as to the effect of 
an exposure to cold. (For apprehension and higher de- 
grees of fear, see alarm.) 
It was long since observed by Horace that no ship could 
leave can behind. Johnton, 
