caribou 
Caribou, cariboo (kar'i-bij), . [Canadian P. 
caribou, Amer. Ind,] The American woodland 
reindeer, liangifer caribou or B. taranditu, in- 
habiting northerly North America as far as the 
limit of trees, where it is replaced by the bar- 
ren-ground reindeer, to which the name is also 
extended. It is a variety of the reindeer, and has never 
been domesticated, but is an object of chase for the sake of 
its Hesh. Also spelled carriboo. See cwt on preceding page. 
Carica (kar'i-kii), n. [NL., a new use of L. ca- 
rica, a kind of dry fig (sc. Jicus, fig), lit. Carian ; 
fern, of Carieux, < Caria : see Carian.'] 1. A 
genus of plants, natural order Papayaceai, con- 
sisting of about 20 species, which are natives 
of tropical America. The best-known is C. Pa- 
/"ii/fi, the papaw (which see). 2f. A kind of 
dry fig ; a lenteii fig. E. Phillips, 1706. 
caricature (kar'i-ka-tur), n. [Formerly in It. 
form caricatura = IX ' karikatuur = G. carica- 
tur, karikatitr = Dan. Sw. karikatur, < F. cari- 
cature, < It. caricatura (= Sp. Pg. caricatura), 
a satirical pictxire, < earieare, load, overload, 
exaggerate, = F. charger, load, > E. charge, q. 
y.] A representation, pictorial or descriptive, 
in which beauties or favorable points are con- 
cealed or perverted and peculiarities or defects 
exaggerated, so as to make the person or tiling 
represented ridiculous, while a general like- 
ness is retained. 
How and then, indeed, he [Dryden] seizes a very coarse 
and marked distinction, and gives us, not a likeness, but 
a strong caricature, in which a single peculiarity is pro- 
truded, and everything else neglected. 
Macaulay, Dryden. 
Perhaps a sketch drawn by an alien hand, in the best 
faith, might have an air of caricature. 
Howelle, Venetian Life, xx. 
= Syn. Caricature, Burlesque, Parody, Travesty. The dis- 
tinguishing mark of a caricature is that it absurdly ex- 
aggerates that which is characteristic, it may be by pic- 
ture or by language. A burlesque renders its subject lu- 
dicrous by an incongruous manner of treating it, as by 
treating a grave subject lightly, or a light subject gravely. 
Burlesque, may be intentional or not. A parody inten- 
tionally burlesques a literary composition, generally a 
poem, by imitating its form, style, or language. In a 
parody the characters are changed, while in a travesty 
they are retained, only the language being made absurd. 
(See travesty.) In a burlesque of a literary work the char- 
acters are generally changed into others which ludicrously 
suggest their originals. 
caricature (kar'i-ka-tur), v. t; pret. and pp. 
caricatured, ppr. caricaturing. [< caricature, 
n. ; = F. caricaturer = Sp. caricaturar.~\ To 
make or draw a caricature of; represent in 
the manner of a caricature ; burlesque. 
Hogarth caricatured Churchill under the form of a ca- 
nonical bear, with a club, and a pot of beer. 
Walpole, Anecdotes, IV. iv. 
So much easier it is to 
caricature life from our 
own sickly conception of 
it, than to paint it in its 
noble simplicity. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 
[1st ser., p. 876. 
caricature-plant 
(kar'i-ka-tur-plant), 
. An acanthaceous 
plant of the Indian 
archipelago, Grapto- 
phyllum hortense : so 
called from the cu- 
rious variegation of 
the leaves, which are 
often so lined as to 
present grotesque 
likenesses to the hu- 
man profile. 
caricaturist (kar'i- 
ka-tur-ist), 11. [< caricature + -ist; = F. carica- 
turiste = Sp. caricaturista.'] One who draws or 
writes caricatures ; specifically, one who occu- 
pies himself with drawing pictorial caricatures. 
carices, n. Plural of carex, 2. 
caricin, caricine (kar'i-sin), n. [< Carica + 
-iift, -ine 2 .~\ A proteolytic ferment contained 
in the juice of the green fruit of the papaya- 
tree, Carica Papaya. Also called papain and 
papayotin. 
cartography (kar-i-kog'ra-fi), n. [< L. carex 
(caric-), sedge, + Gr. -ypa<j>ia, writing, < -ypdQeiv, 
write.] A description or an account of sedges 
of the genus Carex. 
carlcologist (kar-i-kol'o-jist), n. [< *earicol- 
ogy (< L. carex (caric-), sedge, + Gr. -ioyia, < 
'Acyeiv, speak: see -ology) + -ist.'] A botanist 
who especially studies plants of the genus 
Carex. 
caricous (kar'i-kus), a. [< L. carica, a kind 
of dry fig (see Carica), + -os.] Besembling a 
fig : as, a caricous tumor. 
Oarida (kar'i-da), n. pi. Same as Caridea. 
Caricature-plant (Gr 
hortense}. 
824 
Caridea (ka-rid'e-ii), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. icapif 
(napid-), a shrimp or prawn: see Carides.'] A 
series or division of macrurous decapod crus- 
taceans, containing the shrimps, prawns, etc. 
It is a large and varied group, characterized liy the sepa- 
ration of the carapace from the inumiibular and antennal 
segments, by the large basal scale of the antennje, and by 
only one or two pairs of chelate limbs. It corresponds to 
Latreille's Carides, or fourth section of such crustaceans, 
and is divided into several modern families, as Alpheidce, 
Cran'ionulii'. / t (i(tt'ni<>iiid(e, and Perueidce. 
caridean (ka-rid'e-an), a. and n. I. a. Per- 
taining to or having the characters of the Cari- 
dea : caridomorphic. 
II. n. A member of the Caridea or Carido- 
iiiorplia. 
Carides (kar'i-dez), n. pi. [NL., pi. of *Caris, 
< Gr. Kapif, pi. Kapi<k<;, later Kapiiisf, a small crus- 
tacean, prob. a shrimp or prawn.] A synonym 
of Crustacea. Haeckel. 
Carididse (ka-rid'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Caris 
(see Carides) + -vfap.] In some systems of 
classification, a family of macrurous decapod 
crustaceans ; the prawns and shrimps. It con- 
tains such genera as Palcemon, Penceus, Crangon, 
Pontonia, Alpheus, and is conterminous with 
Caridea. 
Caridoinorplia (kar"i-do-m6r'fa), n. pi. [NL., 
< Gr. Kapif (napifi-), a shrimp or prawn, -I- finp(j>//, 
form, shape. See Caridea, Carides, etc.] A di- 
vision of macrurous Crustacea; caridean crusta- 
ceans proper, as prawns and shrimps. Huxley. 
caridomorphic (kar'i-do-mor'fik), a. [< Cari- 
doniorpha + -ie.] Pertaining to or having the 
characters of the Car idomorpha ; caridean. 
caries (ka'ri-ez), n. [= F. carie = Sp. caries = 
Pg. carie, caries = It. carie, < L. caries (ML. 
also caria), decay, prop, a hard, dry decay, as 
of wood, bones, walls, etc.] 1. A destructive 
disease of bone, causing a friable condition and 
worm-eaten appearance, attended with suppu- 
ration. It is probable that several distinct 
pathological processes lead to this morbid con- 
dition. 2. A disease of the teeth, resulting in 
the disintegration of their substance and the 
formation of cavities. In man and carnivorous 
animals it is supposed to be caused by one 
of the bacteria, Leptothrix buccalis. See Lep- 
tothrix. 3. In bot., decay of the walls of the 
cells and vessels. 
carillon (kar'i-lon), n. [< F. carillon, formerly 
also carrillon, quarillon (Cotgrave) (> It. cari- 
glione (Florio) =Pg. carrilhao = ML. carillonus), 
a yar. of OF. *carignon, carenon, quarregnon, a 
chime of bells, a carillon, orig. appar. a set of 
four bells, being identical with OF. carillon, 
carrillon, quarillon, karillon, also carignon, carri- 
gnon, carrinon,carenon, carrenon, carregnon, car- 
reignon, quarreignon, etc., a square, a square of 
parchment, parchment or paper folded square, 
< ML. quaternio(n-), a paper folded in four 
leaves, a quire (prop., as in LL. quaternio(n-), 
a set of four), equiv. to quaternium, quaternus, 
mtaternum, paper folded in four leaves, a quire, 
> OF. quaer, quaier, quayer (> E. quire 1 ), cayer, 
mod. F. cahier, < L. quaterni, four each, < qua- 
ter, four times, < quatuor = E. four : see quater- 
nion, a doublet of carillon, quire^ and cahier, 
approximate doublets, and quadrille, carrel^, 
etc., square, etc., related words.] 1. A set 
of stationary bells tuned so as to play regu- 
larly composed melodies, and sounded by the 
action of the hand upon a keyboard or by ma- 
chinery. It differs from a chime or peal in that the bells 
are fixed instead of swinging, and are of greater numl>er. 
The number of bells in a chime or peal never exceeds 12 ; 
a carillon often consists of 40 or 50. The carillons of the 
Netherlands were formerly famous, but the best are now 
found in England. The carillon of Antwerp cathedral 
consists of 60 bells ; that of Bruges is much larger. 
2. A small instrument furnished with bells, 
properly tuned, and with finger-keys like those 
of the pianoforte. 3. A simple air adapted to 
be performed on a set of bells. 4. The rapid 
ringing of several large bells at the same time, 
with no attempt to produce a tune or the effect 
of tolling. 
carina (ka-ri'na), n. ; pi. caring (-ne). [L., the 
keel of a boat : see careen.'] 1. A keel. Specifi- 
cally (a) In bot., same as keel, 4. (6) In zool. and aiiat., 
a median, inferior part of a thing, like or likened to a 
keel : especially applied in ornithology to the keel of the 
breast-bone which most birds possess, such birds being 
called carinate, and constituting a prime division, Cari- 
natfe. See carinate. 
2. An intermediate piece, between the tergum 
and the scutum, of the mnltivalve carapace of a 
cirriped, as a barnacle or an acorn-shell. See 
cuts under Balanus andiepos Carina fornicls, 
the keel of the fornix, a median longitudinal ridge upon 
the under surface of that part of the brain. 
Carinellidae 
carinal (ka-ri'nal), . [< carina + -al; = F. 
cariital.] 1. Pertaining to or resembling a ca- 
rina. 2. In but., having the keel or two lower 
petals of a flower inclosing the others: applied 
to a form of estivation which is peculiar to a 
tribe (Ca'sa//iiii(v) of the Leyuiiiinosw. 
Carinaria (kar-i-na'ri-ii), n. [NL., < L. carina, 
a keel ; from the shape. See careen.] A ge- 
nus of nucleobranchiate mol- 
luscous animals, of the order 
Uetcropoda, referable to the 
family f'irolidte, or Ptcrotra- 
rln'iilo; or made the type of a 
family Curinariidie. The vis- 
ceral sac is a projecting saccular 
mass, placed at the limit of the hinder region of the foot, 
covered with the mantle and a hat-shaped shell. The 
shells arc knnwn to collectors under the names of Venus' s- 
*///'// and !/[fi.-n<iiitiltix. Tlu- ^ills art' protected by a 
small and very delicate shell of glassy translucence. The 
animal itself is about *2 inches long, and is of oceanic hab- 
its. It is so transparent that the vital functions may be 
watched with the aid of a microscope. 
carinarian (kar-i-na'ri-an), a. and . I. a. Of 
or pertaining to the geiius Carinaria or family 
Carinariida;. 
II. it. A member of the genus Carinaria or 
family Carinariidai ; a carinariid. 
carinariid (kar-i-na'ri-id), n. A heteropod of 
the family Carinariida;. 
Carinariidae (kar"i-na-ri'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Cariittirin + -Ida:"] A family of gastropod 
mollusks, of the order Hrtcropoda, represented 
by the genera Carinaria and Cardiapoda. They 
have a greatly reduced visceral mass and a hyaline shell, 
ell-developed tentacles, projecting gills beneath the mar- 
gin of the snell, and a prominent mesopodiuin or middle 
lobe of the foot, produced like a keel or vertical fin from 
the under surface of the body, whence the name. See 
cut under Cai-i/mriit. 
Carinatae (kar-i-na'te), n. pi. [NL., fern. pi. 
of L. carinatus, keel-shaped: see carinate.'] 
One of two prime divisions of birds instituted 
by Merremin 1813; his Aves carinake, including 
all birds then known to have a carinate sternum, 
as opposed to Aves ratita?, or "flat-breasted" 
birds, consisting of the struthious orratite birds. 
The division was adopted in 1867 by Huxley, who ranged 
the class Aves in the three " orders " of Saururte, Ratitce, 
and Carinatae, and it is now generally current. The Cari- 
nattx include all ordinary birds (all living birds excepting 
the Ratitce). They have no teeth ; a carinate sternum 
(see cut under carinate) ; few caudal vertebne ending in a 
pygostyle ; wings developed, and with rare exceptions fit 
for flight ; metacarpals and metatarsals ankylosed ; nor- 
mally in adult life no free tarsal bones and only two free 
carpal bones; heteroccelous or saddle-shaped vertebral; 
the scapula and coracoid (with few exceptions) meeting 
at less than a right angle ; and the furculum usually per- 
fected. The Carinatce are made by Coues one of five sub- 
classes of Aves. 
carinate (kar'i-nat), a. [< L. carinatus, keel- 
shaped, pp. of carinare, furnish with a keel or 
shell, < carina, keel, shell, etc. : see careen.] 
Shaped like or furnished with a keel ; keeled. 
Specifically (a) In but., having a longitudinal ridge likea 
keel, as the glume of many grasses, (b) In zool., ridged 
Carinate Sternum of Common Fowl, side and front views, showing ca, 
the carina or keel characteristic of Carinata, borne upon the lopho- 
steon. which extends from r, the rostrum or manubrium, to rnx, the 
middle xiphoid processor xiphistermim ; plo, pleurosteon, bearing cf, 
the costal process; and mo, the bifurcated metosteon. 
lengthwise beneath, as if keeled : specifically applied in 
ornithology to the keeled sternum of most birds, and to 
the birds, possessing such a sternum. 
carinated (kar'i-na-ted), a. Having a keel; 
keeled. 
carinet, '' and n. An obsolete form of careen. 
Cariuella (kar-i-nel'ii), n. [NL., dim. of L. 
carina, keel, vessel, snell, etc. : see carina, ca- 
reen. ] The typical genus of the family Cari- 
nellida?. 
Carinellidae (kar-i-nel'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Carinella + -jY(Vf.] A family of rhynchocoelous 
turbellarians, or nemertean worms, represented 
by the genus Carinella, having the lowest type 
of structure among the Nemertea. The family 
