car-load 
car-load (kiir'lod), . The load carried by a 
car, especially a freight-car; a customary unit 
of measure in the United States, equal to 70 
barrels of salt, 90 barrels of flour, 9,000 feet of 
boards, 340 bushels of wheat, 430 bushels of 
potatoes, etc. 
carlock (kiir'lok), . [= F. carlock, < Buss. 
karluku.] A sort of isinglass obtained from 
Russia, made of the sturgeon's bladder, and 
used in clarifying wine. 
carlott (kar'lot), . [A dim. of carl, q. v.] A 
countryman ; a churl ; a clown. 
The cottage . . . 
That tile old carlot once was master of. 
Shak., As you Like it, iii. 5. 
Carlovingian (kar-lo-vin ' ji-an), a. and n. Same 
as Caroliiii/ian. 
The Carlouingidii dynasty ended and that of the Capets 
commenced. Sir E. Creasy, Eng. Const., p. 53. 
Carlsbad twins. See twin. 
carl-tangle (karl'tang"gl), re. Same as cairn- 
tanalc. [Scotch.] 
Carludoyica (kiir"lu-do-vl'ka), n. [NL., 
named in honor of Charles (Sp. Carlos) IV. of 
Spain and his consort, Maria Louisa (ML. Lu- 
dovica) of Parma.] 1. A small genus of palm- 
like plants, of the natural order Paudauaceai. 
They are natives of tropical America, and are either stem- 
less or have climbing steins which cling to the trunks of 
trees by aerial roots. The large fan-like leaves of C. 
palmata are the material of which the well-known Pan- 
ama hats are made, each hat being plaited from a single 
leaf. 
Hence 2. [I. c.] A name sometimes given to 
a Panama hat. Imp. Diet. 
Oarlylean, Carlyleian, a. See Carlylian. 
Carlylese (kiir-li-leV or -leV), a. and n. I. a. 
Same as Carlylian. 
II. H. Same as Carlylism, 1. 
Carlylian (kar-11'li-an), a. Relating to or re- 
sembling the opinions or style of Thomas Car- 
lyle, a noted Scotch writer (1795-1881). Also 
Carlylean, Carlyleian. 
He [Thomas Hughes] is Carlyleian in his view, plus a 
deep and earnest faith in the people. 
R. J. Hinton, Eng. Radical Leaders, p. 104. 
Carlylism (kar-li'lizm), n. 1. The style or a 
peculiarity of the style of Thomas Carlyle. It is 
characterized by conversational and irregular sentences 
and a copious diction abounding in metaphor and allusion. 
It is marred by the forced use of words, the coinage of un- 
couth terms to suit the purpose of the moment, and the 
introduction of many foreign idioms. 
2. The leading ideas or teachings of Thomas 
Carlyle, who inculcated especially the impor- 
tance of individual force of character, and men's 
need of rulers and leaders of strong character. 
carmagnole (kar-ma-nyol'), n. [F. carmagnole 
(> Sp. carmaHola), of uncertain origin, but prob. 
< Carmagnola in Piedmont.] 1. [cap."} Apopu- 
lar dance and song among republicans in the 
first French revolution. 2. A garment and 
costume worn in France during the revolution, 
and considered as identified with the revolu- 
tionary party. The name first became known in 1792 
as that of the coat worn by the Marseillese in Paris, and 
generally adopted by the revolutionists, having short cling- 
ing skirts, a broad collar and lapels, and several rows of 
buttons. It was afterward extended to a costume, com- 
prising in addition large black woolen pantaloons, a red 
cap, and a tricolored girdle. The name of the song and 
dance was taken from that of the garment. 
3. The wearer of such a dress ; any violent 
revolutionist. 4. A bombastic report of the 
successes and glories of the French arms during 
the revolutionary wars ; hence, any bombastic 
address or document. 
carman 1 (kar'man), n. ; pi. carmen (-men). A 
man who drives a car or cart. 
The carmen and coachmen in the city streets, mutually 
look upon each other with ill-will. 
Steele, Spectator, No. 174. 
carman'-'t, n. [ME., also careman, for *carlman, 
< AS. carlman, < Icel. karlmadhr, a man, < karl, 
a man (male), + madhr, man (person). See 
carl, and cf. carlin.] A man. 
Carefulle caremane, thow carpez to lowde. 
Morte Arthurs (E. E. T. S.), 1. 957. 
carmele, cannylie (kar'mel, kar-me'li), n. 
[Also written carameil and cormeitte, and sim- 
ply corr, < Gael, caermeal, the heath-pea.] The 
heath-pea, Latliyrus macrorrhizus. [Scotch.] 
Carmelint, a. Same as Carmelite. 
Carmelite (kar'mel-it), n. and a. [= Sp. Pg. 
carmelita = It. carmelito (carmelitano) (cf. F. 
carme : see carmes), < LL. Carmelites, fern. Car- 
melitis, < Gr. Kap/i?//.iTii<;, fern. Kap/a/AlTii;, an in- 
habitant of Mount Carmel (ML. Carmelites, a 
friar of the Carmelite order), < Kap/^/tor, L. 
Carmelus, Carmel.] I. n. 1 . A mendicant friar 
of the order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel. 
826 
This mountain, overlooking the bay of Acre in northwest- 
ern Palestine, lias been from early times a resort fur her- 
mits, and in 115(i Berthold, a Calabrian monk, in obedience 
to a professed revelation from the prophet Elijah, built 
there a tower and a church and gathered around him about 
ten companions. Krom this small beginning arose the 
Carmelite order. According to an early rule, the monks 
were to live in separate cells, to abstain from meat, and 
to observe a strict fast from the Exaltation of the Cross 
(September 14th) to Easter, .Sundays being excepted. 
Owing to Mohammedan persecutions, the Carmelites aban- 
doned Mount Carmel and established themselves in 1238 
in Cyprus and elsewhere. In the sixteenth century St. 
Theresa, a Spanish lady of noble family, built a convent 
at Avila and established a disealced or reformed branch 
of the order, consisting of both monks and nuns, sometimes 
called barefooted Carinflitea. The habit of the order is a 
cassock, scapular, and hood of brown color, and a white 
cloak, the hood covering the head and face and having 
holes for the eyes. In the United States there are con- 
vents of the order in the dioceses of Leavenworth, Newark, 
Pittsburgh, Baltimore, St. Louis, and New Orleans. The 
three convents last named follow the rule of St. Theresa. 
2. \l. c.] A variety of pear. 3. [1. c.] A 
woolen material similar to beige cloth. 
II. n. Belonging to the order of Carmelites. 
Carmest, ii.pl. [ME., < OF. carme, pi. carmes, 
contr. of *carmelite.~] Carmelite friars. Bom. 
of the Ease. 
carminate (kiir'mi-nat), n. [< carmin-ic + 
-ate 1 .] A salt of carminic acid. 
carminated (kiir'mi-na-ted), a. [< carmine + 
-ate 2 + -ed 2 .] Mixed with or made of carmine: 
as, carminated color Carminated lake. See lake. 
carminative (kar-min'a-tiv), a. and n. [= 
F. carmiiiatif = Sp. Pg. It. carminative, < NL. 
(A. D. 1622) carminativus, < *carminare (Sp. ear- 
minor), expel wind, prob. a particular use of 
L. carminarei, card, as wool, hence cleanse, < 
carmen^ (carmin-), a card for wool, < carere, 
card (see card 2 ); or, less prob., of ML. car- 
minareV, use incantations, charm, L. make 
verses, < carmen 2 (carmin-), a song, verse, in- 
cantation, charm.] I. a. Expelling, or having 
the quality of expelling, wind from the alimen- 
tary canal. 
ft. n. A medicine which tends to expel wind, 
and to remedy colic and flatulence. Carminatives 
are chiefly obtained from the vegetable kingdom, the prin- 
cipal being ginger, cardamoms, aniseed, and caraway -seeds. 
Several of the essential oils are also used as carminatives, 
as those of peppermint, anise, caraway, and juniper ; also 
ardent spirits, especially in the form of aromatic tinctures. 
Dalby's carminative, a preparation used especially 
for children, for which the following is a common for- 
mula : oil of peppermint 1 part, oil of nutmeg 2, oil of ani- 
seed 3, tincture of castor 30, tincture of asafetida 15, com- 
pound tincture of cardamoms 30, peppermint-water 9(10. 
carmine (kar'min or -mm), . [= D. Jcarmijn 
= G. Dan. Sw. karmin = Russ. karminft, < F. 
carmin = It. carminio, < Sp. carmin (= Pg. 
carmim), a contr. form of carmesin (now car- 
mesi, after the Ar. form) = Pg. carmemm = It. 
carmesino (also cremisi, eretnisino) = OF. *cra- 
moisin, cramoisyne (> ME. cramosin, cremvxyn, 
crimisine, crimosin, E. crimson, q. v.), F. cra- 
moisi = G. karmesin = D. Jmr-tttesijn = Dan. 
karmesin = Russ. karmazinu, < ML. carmesinus, 
Tcermesinus, crimson, carmine, < kermes (Sp. 
carmes, also with Ar. art. alkermes, alquerrnes), 
the cochineal insect (see kermes), < Ar. and 
Pers. qlrmizi, crimson, qirmis, crimson, < Skt. 
krimija, produced by an insect, < krimi, a worm, 
an insect (= E. worm, q. v.), + / jan, produce, 
= Gr. / *yev = L. / *gen = AS. ceniian, etc., 
produce: see genus, generate, etc., and fce 2 .] 
1. The pure coloring matter or principle of 
cochineal, to which the formula C^HjgOjo has 
been assigned. It forms a purple mass sol- 
uble in water. 2. That one of two or more 
lakes of different strengths prepared from the 
same coloring matter which contains the great- 
est proportion of coloring matter to the base, 
which is generally alumina. Specifically 3. A 
pigment made from cochineal. It is a transparent 
crimson of considerable luminosity and intense chroma. 
It is prepared from a decoction of cochineal, the coloring 
matter being precipitated by some aluminous salt, form- 
ing a lake. Burnt carmine, a pigment obtained by par- 
tially charring carmine. It is a reddish purple of extreme 
richness. Carmine of indigo, indigo carmine. See 
indigo. Carmine spar. Same as carmlnite. 
carminic (kar-min'ik), a. [< carmine + -ic.] 
In eliem., pertaining to or derived from carmine, 
the coloring principle of cochineal Carminic 
acid, C 17 H 18 10 , an acid found in the huds of some 
plants, but most abundantly in the cochineal insect. It 
forms a red amorphous mass, and with the alkalis pro- 
duces carmine-colored salts. 
carminite (kar'min-it), n. [< carmine + -ife 2 .] 
An arseniate of iron and lead, occurring in 
clusters of needles having a carmine-red color. 
Also called carmine spar. 
carmot (kar'mot), n. The name given by the 
alchemists to the matter of which they sup- 
posed the philosopher's stone to be constituted. 
carnality 
carmylie, . See carmele. 
earn (kiirn), . [The proper Celtic (nom.) form 
of cairn, q. v.] A rock, or heap of rocks. See 
cairn. [Prov. Eug.] 
carnadinet (kiir'na-den), n. [Miswritten car- 
nardtne; < It. " carnadino, a carnation colour" 
(Florio), < L. as if *eartiatus (see carnation^), < 
euro (can-}, flesh. Cf. incarnadine.] Carna- 
tion, or something having that color. 
The rosy-coloured camardine. 
Middltton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 2. 
carnage (kiir'naj), n. [< F. carnage = Pr. car- 
natgc = Sp. carnaje = Pg. carnagern = It. cnr- 
nai/ijio, slaughter, butchery, < ML. carnaticum, 
a kind of tribute of animals, also prob. used, 
like its equiv. carnatuin, in the additional 
sense of 'time when it is lawful to eat flesh' 
(> F. charnaye = Pr. carnatgue (cf. Sp. Pg. car- 
nal), season when it is lawful to eat flesh ; cf . 
ML. reflex carnagiitm, a dinner of flesh), < L. 
caro (earn-), flesh : see carnal.] If. The flesh of 
slain animals ; heaps of flesh, as in shambles. 
His ample maw with human cnnia'je tilled. 
Pope, Odyssey, ix. 352. 
2f. The flesh that is given to dogs after the 
chase. 3. Great destruction of men or ani- 
mals by bloody violence ; slaughter; butchery ; 
massacre. 
In the carnage of Sedgemoor, or in the more fearful 
carnage of the Bloody Circuit. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., ix. 
Inspiring appetites which had tasted of blood with a 
relish for more unlicensed carnage. 
Prexcott, Ferd. and Isa., i. 3. 
A battle was attempted by a large miscellaneous mass 
of students, peasantry, and burghers. It soon changed 
to a carnage, in which the victims were all on one side. 
Motley, Dutch Republic, III. 89. 
= Syn. 3. Butcher;^ etc. See massacre, n. 
carnage (kar'naj), v. t. ; pret. and pp. carnaged, 
ppr. carnaging'. [< carnage, .] To strew or 
cover with carnage or slaughtered bodies : as, 
"that cttrnagcd plain," Soitthey, Joan of Arc, ix. 
carnal (kar'nal), a. [< ME. carnal = OF. car- 
He?, F. charnel Pr. camel = Sp. Pg. carnal = 
It. carnale, < L. carnalis, fleshly, of the flesh 
(ML., natural, of the same blood or descent), 
< caro (earn-), flesh, = Gr. /c/uaf, flesh, = Skt. 
kravya, raw flesh, corpse, carrion, = AS. hrdw 
(= OS. lireu, hreo = OFries. lire (in comp.) = 
OHG. hreo, MHG. re = Icel. lir<v = Goth, hraiw, 
in comp.), a corpse; prob. akin to AS. liredw, 
E. raw, q. v., and L. crudus, raw, > E. crude, 
and ult. E. cruel, q. v. From L. carnalis comes 
also E. cltarnel, q. v.] 1. Pertaining to the 
flesh; hence, flesh-eating; ravenous; bloody. 
This carnal cur 
Preys on the issue of his mother's body. 
Shak., Rich. III., IT. 4. 
2f. Of the same blood or descent ; natural ; 
kindred; german. 
In the next territories adioyuing doe inhabite two car- 
nail brothers, dukes of the Tartars, namely, Burin and 
Cadan, the sonnes of Thyaday. Uakluyt's Voyage*, I. (Ki. 
3. Pertaining to the flesh or the body, its pas- 
sions and its appetites; fleshly; sensual; lust- 
ful; gross; impure. 
Our carnal stings, our unbitted lusts. 
6'Aai., Othello, i. 3. 
Not sunk in carnal pleasure. Milton, P. L., viii. 593. 
4. Not spiritual ; merely human ; not partak- 
ing of anything divine or holy ; unregenerate ; 
unsanctined. 
The carnal mind is enmity against God. Rom. viii. 7. 
Meats and drinks, and divers washings, and carnal or- 
dinances. Heb. ix. 10. 
All appearances of mirth and pleasantry, which were 
looked upon as marks of a carnal mind. 
Addion, Spectator, No. 494. 
Carnal knowledge, sexual intercourse. =Syn. 3 and 4. 
See worldly and xenxual. 
carnalism (kar'nal-izm), n. [< carnal + -ism.'] 
Carnality; the indulgence of carnal appetites. 
carnalist (kar'nal-ist), n. [< carnal + -ist.] 
One given to the indulgence of sensual appe- 
tites. 
They are in a reprobate sense, mere carnalittts, fleshly 
minded men. Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 633. 
camalite (kar'nal-it), . [< carnal + -ite 2 .] A 
worldly-minded man ; a carnalist. Ant. Ander- 
son. [Rare.] 
carnality (kar-nal'i-ti), n. ; pi. carnalities (-tiz). 
[= OF. carnaliteit, F. charnalite = Sp. carnali- 
dad = Pg. carnalidade = It. carnalM, -fade, 
-tate, < L. carnaliia(t~)s, < carnalis, carnal: see 
carnal.] The state of being carnal; fleshliness; 
fleshly lusts or desires, or the indulgence of 
them ; sensuality ; want of spirituality. 
.They wallow ... in all the carnalities of the world. 
South, Sermons, I. x. 
