carnivore 
carnivore (kiir'ni-vor), H. [= F. carnivore, < 
L. carnivorus: see carnivorous.] A carnivo- 
rous animal; one of the Cariiinora. 
That the carnivore may live herbivores must die. 
II, Xjwucer, Data of Ethics, p. 17. 
carnivority (kar-ni-vor'i-ti), n. Same as car- 
niroriiiifoirnx. [Rare.] 
carnivorous (kiir-niv'o-rus), a. [= F. carni- 
vore = Sp. Pg. It. carnivore, < L. carnivorus, 
flesh-eating, < caro (ciirn-), flesh (see carnal), 
+ vorare, eat, devour.] 1. Eating or feeding 
on flesh ; subsisting upon animal food : applied 
to animals which naturally seek animal food, 
as the lion, tiger, dog, wolf, etc. ; also to plants 
which feed upon insects, as the Drosera or sun- 
dew, the Pinguieula, the Dionwa or Venus's fly- 
trap, and the various pitcher-bearing plants. 
Semper states that Dr. Hohngrin has been able to trans- 
form the gizzard of a pigeon into a carnivorous stomach 
by feeding the bird on meat for a long time. 
W. K. Brooks, Law of Heredity, p. 93. 
2. Specifically (a) In mammal. , of or pertain- 
ing to the Carnivora; carnivoral; carnassial. 
(6) In entom., of or pertaining to the Carnivo- 
ra; adephagous ; predatory. 3. In odontog., 
trenchant; sectorial; carnassial: as, a carnivo- 
rous molar or premolar. 
carnivorously (kar-niv'o-rus-li), adv. In a car- 
nivorous manner. 
carnivorousness (kiir-niv'o-rus-nes), n. The 
state or quality of being carnivorous or flesh- 
eating. 
G. Arcangeli has observed the rise of temperature in 
several species of Aracece, but does not consider that 
there is sufficient evidence to warrant the assumption of 
carnivorous habits in these plants. ... It seems as if 
some other explanation than that of carnivorousness 
would have to be sought for. 
Jour, o/ Hot., Brit, and Foreign, 1883, p. 268. 
carnokt, n. [ME. ; origin obscure.] A mea- 
sure of four bushels, or half a quarter of corn. 
Every sak [of coal] be tryed and provid to be and holde 
a carnok ; and the ij. sakkes to holde a quarter, whatsoevir 
the price be, vpon peyne of brennyng of the sakkes and 
parte of the colys. English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 426. 
carnose (kilr'nos), a. Same as earnous. 
carnosity (kar-nos'i-ti), n. ; pi. carnosities (-tiz). 
[= F. carnosM = Pr. carnositat = Sp. carnosidad 
= Pg. carnosidade = It. carnositd, < ML. carno- 
sita(t-)s, fleshiness, < L. carnosus, fleshy: see 
earnous.} If. Fleshiness. 
The olives, indeed, be very small there, and no bigger 
than capers ; yet commended they are for their carnotity. 
Holland. 
2. A fleshy growth. 
Carnot's theorem. See theorem. 
earnous (kar'nus), a. [= F. charneux = Pr. car- 
nos = Sp. Pg. It. carnoso, (. L. carnosus, fleshy, 
< caro (earn-), flesh: see carnal, and cf. car- 
neons.] 1 . Of or pertaining to flesh ; fleshy : as, 
" earnous matter, Holland, tr. of Pliny, xv. 3. 
2. In bot., of a fleshy consistence: said of suc- 
culent leaves, stems, etc. 
Also carnose. 
carn-tangle, . See cairn-tangle. 
carny, n. and v. See carney' 2 . 
caroacht, n. See caroche. 
carob (kar'ob), n. [Also called carob-tree; = 
F. caroube, OF. carobe = Pr. carobla, < It. car- 
rubo, carrubbio = Sp. garrobo, al-garrobo = Pg. 
alfarrobeira, carob-tree ; It. carruba = Sp. gar- 
roba, al-garroba, garrofa = Pg. alfarroba, carob- 
bean, St. John's bread; < Ar. kharrub, bean- 
pods.] The common English name of the plant 
Ceratonia Siliqua. See Ceratonia. 
The path led through a grove of carob trees, from which 
the beans known in Germany as St. John's bread are pro- 
duced. B. Taylor, Lands of the Saracen, p. 42. 
carob-bean (kar'ob-ben), n. The pod or fruit 
of the carob ; St. John's bread. See Ceratonia. 
carochet, caroacht (ka-roch' ), n. [Also caroch, 
caroce, carosse; = MHG. karrdsche, karrotsclie, 
Jcarrutsch. karrosche, G. karosse, fcarofoe = Dan. 
karosse, \ OF. caroche, F. carrosse = Sp. dim. 
carrocilla and carrocin = Pg. carrofa, dim. car- 
rocim, < It. carroccio, carrozza, formerly also 
carroccia, a carriage, (. carro, a car: see carl. 
This word seems to have helped to give a con- 
csete sense to carriage, q. v.] A land of plea- 
sure-carriage; a coach: as, "coaches and ca- 
roches," Burton, Anat. of Mel. 
His earaches shining with gold, and more bright than 
the chariot of the sun, wearing out the pavements. 
Chapman and Shirley, Chabot, Admiral of France, iii. 
The carosse of the Marquis of Rosny 
Conducted him along to th' arsenal. 
Chapman, Byron's Tragedy, v. 1. 
Let the caroch go on, and 'tis his pleasure 
You put out all your torches and depart. 
Webster, White Devil, i. 2. 
828 
carochedt (ka-rochf), a. [< caroche + -erf 2 .] 
Placed in a caroche. 
Old honour goes on crutches, beggary rides caroched. 
Mamnger, Virgin-Martyr, iii. 3. 
caroignet, A Middle English form of carrion. 
carol" (kar'ql), n. [Early mod. E. also carrol, 
mrroll, < ME. carol, carollc, carole, a dance, a 
song, < OF. carole, a kind of dance, also a carol 
or Christmas song (> ML. It. Sp. carola), < Bret. 
Tcoroll, a dance, kurullii, korolli, dance, move in 
cadence, = Corn, carol, a choir, concert, = W. 
carol, a carol, song, enroll, carol, coroli, dance, 
move in a circle, = Manx carval, a carol, = 
Gael, car all, caireall, harmony, melody: from 
the root seen in Gael, car, cuir, a turn, a bar of 
music, movement, = Ir. car, a turn, cor, a turn, 
music, circular motion, = W. cor, a circle, choir ; 
and in E. car 1 , q. v.] If. A kind of circular 
dance. 
For-thy wonderly thay woke, & the wyn dronken, 
Daunsed ful dregly wyth dere carolez. 
Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1026. 
Festes, instruments, caroles, daunces. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 1073. 
[It is often difficult to tell from the context whether carol 
is the dance or the song that seems to have been sung as 
an accompaniment to it ; but in Chancer it usually means 
simply the dance.] 
2. A song, especially one expressive of joy; 
often, specifically, a joyous song or ballad in 
celebration of Christmas. 
No night is now with hymn or carol bless'd. 
Slmk., M. N. D., ii. 2. 
They heard her singing her last song, . 
Heard a carol, mournful, holy. 
Tennyson, Lady of Shalott, iv. 
carol 1 (kar'ol), v. ; pret. and pp. caroled or car- 
olled, ppr. caroling or carolling. [< ME. car- 
olen, < OF. caroler = Pr. carolar = It. carolare; 
from the noun.] I. intrant. To sing; warble; 
sing in joy or festivity. 
Hark ! how the cheerefull birds do chaunt theyr laies, 
And carroll of Loves praise. 
Spenser, Epithalamion, 1. 79. 
II. trans. 1. To sing joyously. 
Hovering swans, their throats releas'd 
From native silence, carol sounds harmonious. 
Prior, Second Hymn to Callimachus. 
2. To praise or celebrate in song. 
The shepherds at their festivals 
Carol her goodness. Milton, Comus, 1. 849. 
caro! 2 t, carrolt (kar'ol), n. [< ME. karple, a 
wreath ; < ML. carola, a lattice, railing, inelo- 
sure, lit. 'a circle'; same word as carola, a 
dance: see carol 1 .] 1. A ring of leaves or 
flowers; a garland; a wreath. 
Scho pntte ilke resche in other 
And made a karole in a stounde ; 
The ton [the tone, the one] bende touched the grounde 
And the other scho helde on heygh. 
Seven Sages, 1. 2884. 
2. In arch. : (a) A small closet or inclosure in 
which to sit and read. (6) A bay-window. Ox- 
ford Glossary. 
Also written carrel, carrell, carrall. 
carola (kar'o-la), n. [It., a dance, ring-dance : 
see carol*-.] A dance resembling the carma- 
gnole, popular in France during the revolution. 
caroli, Plural of carolus. 
carolin (kar'o-lin), . [< ML. Carolinus, adj., 
< Carolus, Charles: see carl, and cf. carlino.] 
1. A gold coin first issued in 1732 by Charles 
Philip, Elector of the Palatinate, and afterward 
Obverse. Reverse. 
Carolin of Frederick of Wurtemberjj, 1810, British Museum. (Size 
of the original.) 
adopted in various parts of Germany, it was 
worth slightly less than the American half-eagle and a 
little more than the British sovereign. There were 24 
carolins to the Cologne mark. 
2. A Swedish gold coin, worth about two dol- 
lars. 
Carolina bark, pink, etc. See the nouns. 
Caroline (kar'6-lin or -lin), a. [< ML. Caro- 
linus: see carotin.] Of or relating to a person 
named Carolus or Charles. Specifically (a) Be- 
longing to or characteristic of the times of Charles I. and 
II. of England : as, the Caroline divines. 
He discovers that this venerable clergyman of the Caro- 
line age had no idea of his own language. 
The Churchman (New York), LII. 2. 
(i) Same as Carolingian. 
caroon 
Caroling 1 (kar'o-ling), a. Same as Carolin- 
fftan. 
caroling", carolling (kar'ol-ing), n. [< ME. 
ci/riilinye, ctiralynti; verbal n. of enroll, r.] The 
act of one who carols ; a song of joy, praise, or 
devotion. 
Ophelia's wild snatches and the sweet Carolines of "As 
yon Like it." Coleridge, Lit. Remains, I. 82. 
Carolingian (kar-o-lin'ji-an), a. and n. [Also 
('nrlovingian, after F. Carlovingien ; = Sp. Car- 
lovingeo = It. Carolingio, Carlovingio, Carolina, 
<ML. Carolingi, the successors of Charlemagne, 
< OHG. Karling, Charling, MHG. Karlinc, Kcr- 
linc, patronymic deriv. of Earel, Karl, Charles: 
see carl and -ing 3 ."] I. a. Of or pertaining to 
the Frankish royal and imperial family or dy- 
nasty which succeeded the Merovingians: so 
called from Charles Martel, duke of the Franks 
and mayor of the palace. Charles exercised royal 
power without the royal title. His son Pepin the .short 
deposed the last of the Merovingians and made himself 
king A. D. 751 or 752. Pepin's grandson Charlemagne, or 
Charles the Great, renewed the Western Empire by con- 
quest, and was crowned emperor over Germany, France, 
and Italy in 800. The empire was subsequently divided 
into subordinate kingdoms, and was finally broken up in 
888, though the title emperor was not at once abandoned. 
Carolingian kings continued to reign in Germany till 911 
(Louis the Child), and in France till (187 (Louis V.). 
II. n. A member or one of the sovereigns of 
the Carolingian family or dynasty. 
Carolinian (kar-o-lin'i-an), a. and n. [< Ctini- 
liiia + -ion.] I. a. Of or pertaining to the Car- 
olinas, or to either of the two States of North 
and South Carolina. 
II. w. A native or an inhabitant of either 
North or South Carolina. 
Caroline (kar-o-le'no), n. See carlino. 
carolitic, carblytic (kar-o-lit'ik), a. [Ori- 
gin (appar. Gr. ) 
not obvious.] In 
arch., decorated 
with branches 
and leaves, as a 
column. Gwilt. 
Also written car- 
oletic. [Not in 
use.] 
Carollia (ka-rol'i- 
a),. [NL.] Age- 
nus of small South 
American phyl- 
lostomine bats, 
connecting the 
genus Vampyrus 
with Glossophaga. 
C. brevicauda so 
closely resembles 
species of Glosso- 
phaga as to have 
been often con- 
founded with it. 
carolling, n. See 
caroling*. 
carolus (kar ' o - 
lus), n. ; pi. caroli 
(-11). [ML. form 
of Charles : see 
carl.] The com- 
mon name of a 
gold coin of 
Charles I. of England, worth 20s., officially 
called the unite. 
carolwiset, adv. [ME. carolewyse; < caroli + 
wise 2 .] In the manner of a carol. 
Aftyr that they wentyn in cumpas 
Daunsynge aboute this flour an esy pas, 
And songyn, as it were, in caroleivyse. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 201 (1st version). 
carolytic, a. See carolitic. 
carom (kar'om), n. [Short for carambole, n., 
q. v.] In billiards, the hitting of two or three 
balls in succession by the cue-ball from one 
stroke of the cue : in Great Britain sometimes 
called cannon. Also spelled carrom. 
carom (kar'om), v. i. [< carom, n., or short for 
carambole, v., q. v.] 1. In billiards, to make 
a carom (which see). 2. To strike or collide 
against a thing and then rebound or glance off 
again ; cannon : usually with on, and common 
in racing slang: as, Eclipse caromed on High- 
flyer and injured his chance of winning. 
Also spelled carrom. 
caromel (kar'o-mel), n. See caramel. 
caroomet, n. ' A corruption of carroon 2 . 
caroon (ka-ron'), n. [Prob. < Gael, caorunn, 
the mountain-ash or rowan-tree, caorunn, cao- 
rann, and in simple form caor, the berry of the 
same, = Ir. caor, a berry, grape, > caorthainn, 
Unite or Carolus of Charles I., British 
Museum. ( Size of the original. } 
