cartilage 
lages Of Santorlnl, the horns of tin- larynx, or cornicula 
laryngis, borne upon the arytenoid cartilages. Cellular 
cartilage, u variety of cartilage of which the Dotoobord 
< hit-lh consists, composed almost entirely uf large cells 
with the intercellular matrix nt a minimum. Circum- 
ferential Cartilage, an annular piece .it litmn ;u tila^r 
forming ft rim ftfott&u and deepening MIIM articular <av- 
ity, as in the. shoulder joint or hip joint. - Connecting 
cartilage, a kiml of tlhroeartila^e occurring in joint - "t 
slight mul)ility or none, as the pubic symphysis, the sacro- 
iliac synchondrosis, and the intend tcbtal articulations. 
Costal cartilage, the pier, of cartilage which prolongs 
the l>ony part of a rih t > or towanl the sternum ; a hemspo- 
physis; a sternal rili when uno.ssilicd. In man all the rihs 
have costal Cii of the n aeh the sternum, Bare 
connected only with one another, anil '2 form cartilaginous 
tips (jf the floating rihs. - CrlCOld cartilage, the cricoid. 
Cuneiform cartilage, .^ame as <-uft:tu'i>- n/ n > 
Dental cartilage, the maxillary ridge (which sec. 
under maaOIary), Ensiform cartilage, the xiphoid 
appendage of the st Titum ; the la.st segment of the ster- 
iiiini, or the xiphistcrnlllu when unossilled, as in man. Fi- 
brous cartilage, cartilage mixed with inelastic white or 
elastic yellow tiorous tissue : usually railed Jitrocartilunr 
(which sco. - Hyaline cartilage, trn 'pure cartilage or 
gristle. It is ol a pale livid nr pearly Itluish color, and con- 
sist* of roundish culls embedded in a nearly homogeneous 
intercellular substance, thai is, unmixed with fibrous tis- 
sue. The articular and costal cartilages, and the temporary 
cartilages of tin; fetal skeleton, are of this kind. Inter- 
articular cartilage, a meniscus ; a cartilaginous dis- 
coidat, cresceutic, annular, or otherwise shaped piece 
occurring free in the interior of certain joints, and con- 
sisting of llbrocartilage,, such as the semilnnar cartilages 
of the knee-joint. In man interarticular cartilages occur 
in the tcmporoinavillary, stci-noela\ icnlar, acromiocla- 
vieular, ulnocarpal, and femorotibial articulations. In- 
terosseoUB cartilage, a piece of iuterarticnlar carti- 
lage. Meckel'S Cartilage. See .V.r/,Wm;i rod, under 
rod. Palpebral cartilage. Same as tarital cartilage. 
Permanent cartilage, that which remains nnossitled 
throiiKhoiit life. Semllunar cartilage, one of the pair 
of lai-.'c. free, cresceutic interarticnlar cartilages of the 
knee-joint. See cut under km:: Sesamold cartilage, 
one of several small lateral cartilages of the nose. 
Siphon-hinge cartilage, in cephalopoda, one of two 
cartilaginous sockets on either side of the funnel, into 
which tleshy knobs of the mantle-skirt are fitted. Strati- 
form cartilage, a layer of flbrocartilage in an osseous 
groove along which a tendon glides. Tarsal cartilage, 
a piece of flbrocartilage embedded in the eyelid, contribut- 
ing to preserve its shape. Also called palpvbral cartilage, 
Temporary cartilage, that cartilage which is replaced 
by hone in the process of ossification. 
cartilage-bone (kar'ti-laj-bon), n. Bone that 
is developed or preformed in cartilage, as dis- 
tinguished from membrane-bone. 
Cartilaginei (kar"ti-la-jin'e-i), n. pi. [NL., 
pi. of L. enrtilaji'tneus : see ctirtildi/inemu}.] The 
cartilaginous fishes. See Cliondroptcrygii. 
cartilagineoust (kar"ti-la-jin'e-us), a. [< L. 
cartilaginous, of cartilage, < cartilago : see car- 
tilage.'] Same as cartilaginous. 
Cartilagin.es (kiir-ti-laj'i-nez), n. pi. [NL., < 
L. cartilago (cartilai/iii-), cartilage: see carti- 
lage.'] An order of fishes having or supposed 
to have a cartilaginous skeleton: nearly the 
same as Chondropterygii. 
cartilaginification (kar'ti-la-jin"i-fi-ka'shon), 
n. [= F. uartilaqinification, < NL. as if *carti- 
laginificatio(n-), < L. cartilago (cartilagin-), car- 
tilage, + -flcare, < facere, make.] The act or 
process of converting into cartilage ; chondrifi- 
cation. 
cartilaginoid (kar-ti-laj'i-noid), a. [< L. car- 
tilago (mrtilaffin-), cartilage, + -oid.] Hard 
and gristly, like cartilage ; cartilaginous in ap- 
pearance or consistency. 
A well-developed cartilaginoid skeleton. 
E. It. Lanlteler, Encyc. Brit., XIX. 431. 
cartilaginous (kar-ti-laj'i-nus), a. [= F. car- 
tilagiueux = Pr. cartillaginos = Sp. Pg. It. car- 
ti/aginoso, < L. cartilaginosus, full of cartilage, 
< cartiltigo, -cartilage: see cartilage.'] 1. Gristly; 
consisting of cartilage ; being in the state or 
form of cartilage. 2. In iehth., having a gris- 
tly skeleton; chondropterygian : as, a cartilagi- 
nous fish. 3. Like or likened to cartilage. 
Specifically () In entom., an epithet applied to a sub- 
stance thicker than a membrane (but not so thick as to 
be termed canieout), somewhat transparent, flexible, and 
whitish. (6) In ''"'.. linn and tough ; parchment-like, as 
the carpels of the apple. Cartilaginous branchial 
basket. See Maritipobranchii. 
cartisanet (kiir'ti-zan), n. [F.] A small strip 
of parchment or vellum covered with thread of 
silk or gold, or the like, wound closely around 
it, used in the making of some old varieties of 
passement, guipure, or their imitations. See 
nassement and guipure. 
Cartist (kar'tist), n. [< Sp. Pg. carta, charter, 
+ -ist. Cf. Chartist.'] A supporter of the con- 
stitutional charter in Spain or Portugal. 
cart-jade (kart'jad), . A sorry horse ; a horse 
used in drawing, or fit only to draw, a cart. Sir 
1'. yiilnfi/. 
cart-load (kart'lod), n. [< ME. cartlode; < cart 
+ load.] A load borne on a cart ; as much as is 
usually carried at once on a cart, or as is suffi- 
cient to load it. It is an indefinite unit of weight. 
cartridge-paper 
cartman (kiirt'man), ii.; pi. cartmen (-men;. 
A carter; one engaged in carting. 
cartographer, cartographic, etc. See chartog- 
rnplur, etc. 
cartomancy (kiir'to-man-si), H. [= F. carto- 
maiieie = Bp. Pg. cartomanna, < ML. I'nrta, a 
card, + Cir. /rnvTiia, divination.] Divination by 
means of playing-cards. 
In fiirtiitnn>->i. the art of fortune-telling with packs of 
cards, there is a sort of nonsensical seti.-e in such rules 
as that two fpieens mean friendship ami four mean chat- 
tering, or that the knave of hearts prophesies a brave 
young man who will come into the family to be nsefnl, 
unless his purpose be reversed bv his card li'-im: np-i<lc 
down. K. II. Tutor, 1'riin. Culture, I. 111. 
carton (kiir'ton), H. [F.: seo cartoon."] l.Akind 
of thin pasteboard. 2. A box made from such 
pasteboard. 3. Same as cartoon. 4. In rifle 
practice: (a) A white disk fixed on the bull's-eye 
of a target. It is of much smaller size than the 
bull's-eye, and is chiefly used in deriding tics 
and at a pool. (6) A shot striking the carton: 
as, to make two bull's-eyes ami a rurton. 
cartonnage (kiir'ton-aj), . [F., < carton, paste- 
board: see cartoon.] 'Pasteboard; boards such 
as are used in bookbinding; specifically, in 
Kgilptoloyy, the boards of which a mummy-case 
is formed; the outer covering of a mummy. 
The cartimnayc of Queen Ahiues Xofretari U impressed 
in parts with a reticulated sexagonal pattern. 
llarper't May., LXV. 192. 
carton-pate (F. pron. kar-t6n'pat'), n. [F., 
pasteboard: see cartoon NtyijMMI.] Same as 
carton-pierre. 
carton-pierre (F. pron. kar-t6n'piar'), [F-. 
lit. stone pasteboard: see cartoon, and pier.] 
Statuary pasteboard; a kind of papier-mache, 
made of a mixture of paper-pulp, bole, chalk, 
and animal glue, in imitation of stone or bronze. 
It is well adapted for molding, and is largely 
used for statuary and architectural decorations. 
cartoon (kar-tou'), n. [< F. carton, < It. car- 
tone Sp. carton = Pg. cartSo, <. ML. *car- 
to(n-), pasteboard, a cartoon, aug. of carta, 
paper: see card 1 .] 1. In art, a design of the 
same size as an intended decoration or pat- 
tern to be executed in fresco, mosaic, or tapes- 
try, and transferred from the strong paper on 
which it is usually drawn either by cutting 
out the figure and outlining it on the surface 
to be decorated with a sharp point, or, in the 
case of a composition, by pricking, and poun- 
cing with a bag of muslin filled with charcoal- 
dust. Colored cartoons intended to be woven in tapes- 
try are cut in strips, placed under the web, and exactly 
copied by the weaver; the seven by Raphael, purchased 
by Charles I. of England, are well-known examples. 
2. A picture, either a caricature or a symboli- 
cal composition, designed to advocate or attack 
some political or other idea of present interest 
or some prominent person : as, the cartoons of 
"Punch?' 
Sometimes written carton. 
cartoon (kitr-ton'), v. t. [< cartoon, it.] 1. In 
painting, to make a working design. See car- 
toon, n., 1. 
The quality of finish in poetic execution is of two kinds. 
The flrst and highest is that where the work has been all 
mentally cartooned, as It were, beforehand. 
W. Sharp, D. G. Rossetti, p. 410. 
2. To caricature or ridicule by a cartoon ; make 
the subject of a cartoon. 
cartoonist (kiir-tdn'ist), . [< cartoon + -ist.] 
An artist who draws cartoons. 
The carlwnixt first prepared his sketch on a small scale, 
then made his studies from nature. Encyc. Brit., IX. 774. 
cartouche, cartouch (kar-tosh'), . [In first 
sense formerly written cartraije, now cartridge, 
q. v. ; = D. kartets = G. karduse, kartfitsche = 
Dan. kartteske = Sw. kartusch, < F. cartouche, 
formerly cartoclie, cartuche, = Sp.cartuclio=Pg. 
cartuxo = Turk, qart&j = AT. qartds = Hind, kar- 
t&s, < It. cartoccio, a cartridge, an angular roll 
of paper, aug. of carta, paper: see card 1 .] 1. 
A roll or case of paper holding a charge for 
a firearm; a cartridge. 2. A cartridge-box 
(which see). 3f. A case of wood bound about 
with marline, containing several iron balls of 
a pound each and about 400 musket-balls, to 
be fired from a cannon or howitzer. Farroic, 
Mil. Encyc. 4. An oval or oblong figure on 
ancient Egyptian monuments and in papyri, 
containing groups of characters expressing the 
names or titles of royal personages and, rare- 
ly, of deities: a name given by Champollion. 
The cartouche does not occur in connection with the ap- 
pellations of the earliest rulers of Egypt, but first ap- 
pears with those of the twenty-second king of the monu- 
mental list. By extension it now commonly signifies both 
the inclosing ring and its contents. Krom the beginning 
of the twelfth dynasty an Egyptian king at the moment of 
of Clco- 
Cartouche of Ra- 
mesei II. 
coronation assumed, in addition to his family or personal 
name, an official, regal, or throue name, \\iiieh took its 
place bebide the 
.jtt**~ tormer. generally 
pie.eding it, and 
ave occasion 
louche. In ilnlta 
tioll ot the < ,i 1111:111 
.!//</. i niployed in 
a hiialdh -!,, 
the e:ntom lie i- ill 
l.ntJi-h .oiiietinii s 
>t\ ]< <1 a ,-Ai7/ or 
: '/'. or more 
often merely an 
Two names in an 
oblong iuclosnre 
called a cat tuvcht. 
S. &/.//, Mist. 
(Egypt. 
An elliptical curve, or oval, inclosing a name, always 
signified that the inclosed name was that of a king or 
i|iieen ; and t'hanipollioii gave it the name of c<i,; 
by which it is now called. 
U. .S. Oibnrn, Ancient Kg\pt, p. 21. 
6. A painted, engraved, or sculptured orna- 
ment of irregular or fantastic form, inclosing a 
plain central space used as a field for inscrip- 
tions, etc. Such ornaments wet c mneh used dining the 
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to decorate \\ain 
scotings anil the title-pages of books. 
6. In her., a name given in England to the 
oval escutcheon often seen in Italian heraldry, 
and generally considered to be peculiar to ec- 
clesiastics. Italian escutcheons are often egg-shniwd ; 
but the shield designated by the word cartouche has both 
ends equally curved, and therefore approximates to an 
ellipse. 
cartouset, A variant of cartouche. Bailey, 
1731. 
cartridge (kiir'trij), . [Formerly cartrage, a 
corruption of cartouche, q. v.] A case of paste- 
board, parchment, copper, tin, serge, or other 
material, holding the exact charge of gunpow- 
der, in the rase of big guns, and of powder 
and bullet or shot for other firearms Blank 
cartridge, a cartridge without ball or shot. Blasting 
cartridge. See Uajstiny^artritlye. Center-fire car- 
tridge, a cartridge 
havingthe fulminate D E A C B 
in an axial position si-fc x 
instead of being 
about the periphery 
of the flanged cap- 
sule. Sometimes 
called center-pruned 
cartridge. Lime 
cartridge, a car- 
tridge containing 
Center-fire Cartridge. 
A, metallic case of copper or hrass; B, 
bullet ; C*, cannelures ; /), cup ; . crimp ; 
/', fulminate ; G, two vents ; //, powder. 
compressed lime, the expansion of which, when wet, 
causes it to bunt. Seminal or spermatic cartridge, 
in cephalopods. See gptrmatophore. 
cartridge-bag (kar'trij-bag), n. In gun., a bag, 
made of serge or some similar material, in 
which the charge of a cannon is contained. 
cartridge-belt (kar'trij-belt), n. A belt worn 
about the waist or over the shoulder, having 
pockets or loops for cartridges. 
cartridge-block (kar'trij-blok), n. A wooden 
block arranged to receive cartridges, and which 
can be secured to the gun in a convenient posi- 
tion for loading. 
cartridge-box (kar'trij-boks), . A portable 
case or box of leather, with cells for holding 
cartridges. Its use followed very closely on the intro- 
duction of the cartridge itself. It was certainly in use 
before 1877. Planche. Magazine cartridge-box. See 
NMHH&lfc 
cartridge-capper (kar'trij-kap'er), n. An im- 
plement used to place caps on center-fire car- 
tridge-cases. It consists of a pivoted lever with 
a stud below, which presses the cap firmly into 
its seat. 
cartridge-case (kar'trij-kas), n. 1. A cartridge- 
box. U. The tube in which the powder of a 
cartridge is contained. See cartridge. 
cartridge-gage (kar'trij-gaj), . 1. In artil- 
lery, a flat steel gage for verifying the dimen- 
sions of metallic ammunition for small arms. 
The Rage is pierccil with holes giving the maximum and 
minimum diameters of the head and body of the shell, and 
the diameters of the projectile; on the edges are cut 
profiles for verifying the length and form of the cartridge- 
case and the thickness of the head, the length and form 
of the bullet, and the number and position of the canne- 
lures. 
2. A gun-metal ring of the required size, with 
a handle, on which is stamped the nature and 
size of the cartridge. They were of two kinds: one 
for testing the diameter of the Oiled cartridge, the other 
for showing the length of the cartridge. 
cartridge-loader (kiir'trij-lo'der), n. An ap- 
paratus for loading cartridge-shells. 
cartridge-paper (kiir'trij-pa''per), n. A thick 
sort of paper originally manufactured for sol- 
diers' cartridges, but extensively used in the 
arts, its rough surface being well adapted for 
