cartridge-paper 
838 
carve 
drawing and for other purposes, such as wall- 
paper. 
found in the Hundred Rolls, as, indeed, almost every- cula : see caruncle.] Having a fleshy excres- 
wliere else, in the use of another word in the place of ,, ,. an ft fl ou v, v nmtuhnroTwio r'niiinnnla.. 
* * hide when inste-ul of the anciently assessed hida< r e of a nefcny protuoerance, caruncuiar. 
cartridge-pOUCh (kar'trij-pouch), n. A leather manor, its more modern actual taxab'le vaiue is examined carunCUloUS (ka-rung'ku-lus), a. [= Sp. It. 
pouch lined with sheepskin with the wool on, into and expressed. This new word is carucate the carunculoso, < L. caruncula: see caruncle.] Ca- 
land of a plough or plough team. runcular ; carunculate. 
Seebohm, Eng. Vil. Community, p. 40. carug (j^'rus), n. [NL. (> F. Pg. cams), < Gr. 
caruet (kar'o), w. [Later misread and miswrit- Kapos, heavy sleep, torpor, stupor.] In 
ten carve; < ME. carue, < OF. carue, caruee, < 
ML. carucata, carrucata, a certain portion of 
land: see carucate.'] A carucate (which see). 
formerly used by mounted soldiers to carry 
metallic cartridges. It was attached to the 
waist-bolt. 
cartridge-primer (kar ' trij - pri " mer), . The 
percussion-cap used in firing metallic cartridges, 
set in a recess in the head of the shell. See 
cartridge. 
car-truck (kar' truk), n. The wheeled carriage 
which supports a railroad-car. In Europe the ped- 
estals for the axle-boxes are commonly attached to the body 
of the car. In the United States the car-tody is supported 
upon two independent trucks placed beneath it. Each of 
these may have two, but usually four, and occasionally six 
wheels fixed upon revolving axles, whose journal-boxes 
vibrate vertically in pedestals secured to 
the framework of the truck. The bolster or 
cross-beam which directly supports the car- 
body is in the middle of the framework, 
and is suspended from it by equalizing bars 
and suspension-straps, in such a way as to 
distribute the weight upon all the wheels 
and allow for the sway, or freedom of mo- 
tion, essential to easy riding. Springs and 
brake mechanism are attached to the truck. 
Side bearings of a car-truck. See 
bearing. 
cart-saddle (kiirt'sad"!), n. The 
small saddle put upon the back 
of a draft-horse when harnessed. 
Skeat. 
cart-saddlet (kart'sad"l), v. t. [< 
ME. cart-sadelen ; from the noun.] 
To harness; yoke. 
Let cart-sadele vr Commissarie ; vr Cart he 
schal drawe. Piers Ploitnnan (A), ii. 154. 
cart-tail (kart'tal), . The tail or 
back part of a cart. 
If a poor Quaker was to be scourged at the 
cart-tail, . . . they waited in Dedham for 
orders from the metropolis. 
Everett, Orations, II. 183. 
cartulary, n.-, pi. cartularies. [< 
ML. cartularium: see chartulary.] 
See chartulary. 
The Duke of Devonshire will publish at 
his own expense the cartularies of Furness Abbey. . . . 
Cartularies were the official records of monasteries. 
The American, VIII. 267. 
cartway (kart'wa), n, [< ME. carteway, cart- 
wey; < car* + way.] A way along which carts 
or other wheeled vehicles may conveniently 
travel. 
Where your woods are large, it is best to have a carl- 
way along the middle of them. Mortimer, Husbandry. 
cartwright (kart'rit), n. [< ME. cartwright 
(spelled kartwryght), < cart + Wright.] An 
artificer who makes carts. 
caruaget, n. [Also misread and miswritten car- 
And a Carve of Land, Carucata teme, or a Hide of Land, 
Hida terra) (which is all one), is not of any certain content, 
but as much as a Plough can plough in a Year, and there- 
with agrees Lambard verbo Hyde. And a Carve of Land 
complete insensibility, which no stimulus can 
remove ; the last degree of coma. 
caruto (ka-ro'to), . [South Amer. name of 
the plant.] A beautiful dye of a bluish-black 
color, obtained from the fruit of Genipa Ameri- 
cana, of the natural order Eubiacea:, a shrub of 
the West Indies and Guiana. 
may contain an House, \V ood, Meadow, and Pasture, be- porvacrnl (kar'vn krol> K tami (V Sn 
cause by them the Ploughman and the Beasts of the Carvacroi (K.a . va Kroi;, n. L) Cany It . tup. 
Plough are maintained. It. cam), caraway, + L. ater (acr-), sharp, + 
Anthony Lowe's Case (1610), 9 Coke, 123, 124. -ol.] 
safety-stirrups ; t.t, brace-rods ; u, u, pedestals ; 
rods for the pedestals ; x, relieving springs. 
', brake-shoe ; x, brake-bar ; y, y, diagonal brace- 
A viscid oily substance, of a very dis- 
agreeable odor and strong taste, 
made from oil of caraway. In medi- 
cine it has been found serviceable 
in relieving toothache. 
carvaget (kiir'vaj), n. See carnage. 
carval (kar'val), n. [Manx, = E. 
carofl-, q. y.] A song, carol, or bal- 
lad, especially one on a sacred sub- 
ject, among the peasantry of the Isle 
of Man. Also carvel. 
The Manx have a literature a native ver- 
nacular Gaelic literature. . . . This literature 
consists of ballads on sacred subjects, which 
are called carvals. ... It was formerly the 
custom in the Isle of Man for the young peo- 
ple who thought themselves endowed with 
the poetic gift to compose carols some time 
before Christmas, and to recite them in the 
parish churches. Those pieces which were 
approved of by the clergy were subsequently 
chanted by their authors through their im- 
mediate neighbourhoods, both before and 
after the holy festival. Many of these songs 
have been handed down by writing to the 
present time. . . . The carvals are preserved 
in uncouth-looking, smoke-stained volumes, 
in low farm-houses and cottages situated in 
mountain gills and glens. 
Quoted in Introd. to Kelly's Manx Gram- 
[niar, p. xiv. 
And it was agreed that common way be appendant to a 
Carve of Land, . . . and so a Carve of Land consists of 
Land, Meadow, and Pasture, as it appears by Turing- 
ham's case, 4 Coke, 37 b. 
M ors v. Webbe (1652), 2 Brownlow (& Ooldsborough), p. 297. 
Carum 
carve 1 (karv),t'.; pret. andpp.correrf, 
old and poetical pp. carven, ppr. carti- 
ing. [Early mod. E. also kerve, < ME. Jcerven 
(pret. sing, car/, Jcarf), < AS. ceorfan (pret. 
cearf, pi. curfon, pp. corfen), carve, cut, = 
OFries. kerva = D. icerven, cut, = OHG. *kerban 
(not recorded), MHG. G. kerben, notch, indent, 
3arum (ka'rum), n. [NL., < Gr. icapov, cara- Vf T( m >> M "* u - Keroen, notcn, maent, 
way: see caraway.] A considerable genus of = Icel - k y r f a = Sw - karfva, cut, = Dan. karve, 
plants, natural order Umbelliferai. The species are out ' P ro , b : = , r- y'Pty' "*"?*> ng. scratch: 
.I'll. !, .11^ 1, .,.], a with V,a1.nllnial fojMnMn n.lil.ln ....* . Sfifi (ITnlHllC:. f.firi'f, IS t M O OUlPr \Vftrfl Tfir 'rtnt'! 
glabrous herbs with perennial fusiform edible roots, pi 
nate or more divided leaves, and white or yellow flowers. 
C. Carui is the caraway-plant, the fruit of which is the so- 
called caraway-seed. (See caraway.) Three species are 
found In the United States west of the Kocky Mountains, 
the tuberous roots of which are an important article of 
food to the Indians. 
vage; but the u is prop, a vowel: see carue.] caruncle (kar'ung-kl), n. [Also caruncula; = 
Same as carucage. 
carucat, carrucat (ka-ro'ka), . [ML., a plow, 
L. carruca, a four-wheeled carriage, < earrs, 
a car: see car 1 . Cf. carue.] In ancient village 
communities in England (a) A plow. (6) A 
plow-team of oxen, yoked four abreast. 
Information from the same source [Statistical Account 
of Scotland] also explains the use of the word caruca for 
plough. For the construction of the word involves not 4 
yoke of oxen, but 4 oxen yoked abreast, as are the horses 
in the caruca so often seen upon Roman coins. And the 
"statistical account" informs us that in some districts of 
Scotland in former times " the ploughs were drawn by 4 
oxen or horses yoked abreast ; one trod constantly upon 
the tilled surface, another went in the furrow, and two 
upon the stubble, or white land. The driver walked back- 
wards, holding his cattle by halters, and taking care that 
each beast had its equal share in the draught." 
See! ' ~ ' ~ 
Caruncle. 
Carunculate Seed of 
Ricfnus cotnmuHis, 
entire and cut longi- 
tudinally. 
Jeebohm, Eng. Vil. Community, p. 63. 
carucage, carrucage (kar'o-kaj), n. [< ML. car- 
rucagium (for *carrucaticum),' also carruagium 
(after OF. carnage), < carruca, a plow: see ca- 
rwca.] 1. The act of plowing. 2. Aformertax 
on land or landholders, fixed at a specified sum 
on each carucate, or about 100 acres of land. 
It succeeded the Danegeld (which see). 
The other remarkable matter of the year 1198 is the Caruncula (ka-rung'ku-la), II. ; pi. caruncula; 
imposition of a carucage-a tax of live shillings on each (-le). [L.] Same as carMWCfe.-Carunculse mvr- 
ItlAMUl Offoa rit l..,i.l il* , *"* i **LIL1W; 111J 1 
tiformes, the slight elevations on the margin of the va- 
ginal orifice, the remains of the hymen. Caruncula 
inanimillaris, a small low eminence of gray matter be- 
tween the external and internal roots of the olfactory 
nerve or tract. Also called tuber olfactorium or olfactorn 
tubercle. Caruncula sublingual'is, a small papilla 1111 
Sp. caruncula = Pg. caruncula = It. caruncola, < 
L. caruncula, a caruncle, dim. of caro, flesh : see 
carnal.] 1. A small fleshy excrescence, either 
natural ormorbid. Specifically 2. In ornith., 
a fleshy excrescence on the head of a bird, as 
the comb or one of the wattles of a hen. 
It is especially important that the fresh colors of the 
[bird's! bill, cere, gums, eyes, and feet, or caruncles, or 
bare skin, if there be any, should be noted, as the colors 
of these parts all change after the preparation of a speci- 
men. C. F. Hall, Polar Exp. , 1876, p. 654. 
3. In bo t., a protuberance surroundingthehilum 
of a seed. Strictly, it is an outgrowth of the micropyle, 
or external orifice of the ovule. 
4. In entom., a naked, more 
or less rounded, fleshy eleva- 
tion of the surface, especially 
on the body of a caterpillar or 
other insect-larva Lacrymal 
caruncle, a small, reddish, fleshy 
papilla at the inner canthus of the 
eye, filling the lacus lacrymalis, con- 
sisting of a cluster of follicles like 
the Heibomian, and covered with 
mucous membrane. See cut under 
eye. 
carucate or hundred acres of land. 
Stubbs, Const. Hist., 150. 
Also formerly carnage. 
carucate, carrucate (kar'6-kat), . [< ML. 
carucata,, carrucata, < carruca, a plow: see car- 
ca.] Formerly, as much land as could be culti- 
vated by one caruca : usually about 100 acres, 
der the tongue, on either side of the frenum, on which 
, Wharton's duct opens. Also called caruncula salivaris 
but the quantity varied according to the nature caruncular (ka-rung'ku-lar), a. [= Sp. carun- 
of the soil and the practice of husbandry in dif- cular, < L. caruncula : see caruncle.] Pertain- 
ferent districts. Also carue. ing to or having the form of a caruncle. 
A trace at least of the original reason of the varying carunculate, carunculated (ka-rung' ku-lat, 
contents and relations of the hide and virgate is to be -la-ted), a. [= Sp. carmtculado, < L. carun- 
see graphic. Carve is the older word for 'cut' , 
in the general sense it is now displaced by cut.] 
I. trans. 1. To cut with an edged tool or sharp 
instrument. [Obsolete or archaic.] 
As a coltour in clay cerues the foraes [furrows]. 
Alliterative Poems (E. E. T. 8.), ii. 1547. 
Or they will buy his sheepe out of the cote, 
Or they will carven the shepheards throte. 
Spenser, Shep. Cal., September. 
My good blade carves the casques of men. 
Tennyson, Sir Galahad. 
Specifically 2. To cut into pieces or slices, 
as meat at table ; divide by cutting, or, figura- 
tively, by parceling out: as, to carve a fowl; 
to carve up an estate. 
He had been a keeper of his flocks, both from the vio- 
lence of robbers and his own soldiers ; who could easily 
have carved themselves their own food. South. 
3. To cut (some solid material) in order to 
produce the representation of an object or 
a design; fashion by cutting: as, to carve a 
block of marble into a statue. 
Carved with figures strange and sweet, 
All nude out of the carver's brain. 
Coleridge, Christabel, i. 
4. To produce by cutting ; form by cutting or 
hewing; grave or engrave: sculpture: as, to 
carve an image ; to carve a design in boxwood. 
We carved not a line, we raised not a stone, 
But we left him alone with his glory. 
Wolfe, Burial of Sir J. Moore. 
The names he loved to hear 
Have been carved for many a year 
On the tomb. 
0. W. Holmes, The Last Leaf. 
5. To decorate by carving; produce cut or 
sculptured designs upon : as, to carre a capital ; 
to carve a cherry-stone. 
The Stone that made the Canopy was five yards and 
three quarters square, and carv'd round with a handsome 
Cornish. Maundrdl, Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 21. 
The carven cedarn doors. 
Tennyson, Arabian Nights. 
Amid the carven gray stone-work of the cathedral. 
Lathrop, Spanish Vistas, p. 5. 
6. To mark as with carving. 
