casings 
kase, cow-dung).] Dried cow-dung, used for 
fuel. Also called eow-blakes. [North. Eng.] 
casino (ka-se'uo), . [It., a house, summer- 
house, gaining-house, dim. of casa, a house, < 
L. casa, a cottage, hut: see casa.'] 1. A small 
country-house ; a lodge ; a summer-house or 
retreat. 2. A club-house or public room used 
for social meetings, gaming, dancing, music, 
etc.; a public dancing-saloon. 
The times are such tlmt one scarcely dares allude to 
that kind of company which thousands uf our young men 
of Vanity Fair are frequenting every day, which nightly 
fills cutinoti and dancing-rooms. Thackeray, Vanity Fair. 
3. A game of cards, in which the players, two 
or more in number, strive to obtain as many 
cards as possible, especially certain cards of 
a counting value, as the ten of diamonds and 
two of spades. Tricks are taken hy pairim.i, that is, 
by matching a card on the table with one in the hand ; 
combining, or grouping together front the board, cards 
the number of pips on which equals the number on that 
played from the hand ; and building, or combining cards 
on the board with one in the hand, the trick to be taken 
at the player's next turn. In this sense also spelled ert.*- 
io. Big or great casino, the ten of diamonds, which 
in the game of casino counts two. Little or small ca- 
sino, the two of spades, which in the gamu of casino 
counts one. 
cask 1 (kask), n. [Early mod. E. also caskc, < F. 
casque.Sj cask, a helmet, = It. casco, a helmet, 
< Sp. Pg. casco, a cask, wine-vat, also helmet, 
casque, hull, coat of an onion, shard, skull, < 
cascar, break in pieces, burst: see cascade 1 , 
n., and quash 1 .] 1. A close, water-tight ves- 
sel formed like a barrel with staves, headings, 
and hoops, and used for containing liquids or 
substances which may become liquid: a ge- 
neric term comprehending the pipe, hogshead, 
butt, barrel, etc. 2. An irregular measure of 
capacity. A cask of almonds is 3 hundredweight ; a cask 
ol cloves, etc., 300 pounds; a cask of pilchards, 60 gal- 
lons. The name is also applied to various foreign mea- 
sures of capacity, as the Russian Itoch/ca, the Polish beczka, 
etc. 
3. In dyeing, an apparatus for steaming and 
thus fixing the colors of cloths which are 
Srinted with a mixture of dyestuffs and mor- 
ants. It consists of a hollow cylinder, within which the 
cloth is suspended, the steam being admitted to the in- 
terior of the drum. 
4. A helmet. [In this sense now usually spelled 
casque (which see).] Bulged cask, a cask swelling 
in the middle. Splayed cask, a cask having a flaring 
or conical form. 
cask 1 (kask), v. t. [< cask 1 , .] 1. To put into 
a cask. 2. To provide with or put on a casque 
or helmet. 
Koyally casfced in a helme of steele. 
Marstou, Antonio and Mellida, I., v. 
casket, n. [An irreg. var. of eas/i 2 , 1, a chest, 
appar. by confusion with cast 1 .] A casket; a 
case or shell. 
A jewel, lock'd into the woefull'st conk 
That ever did contain a thing of worth. 
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iii. 2. 
pnely the heart and soule is cleane, yet feares the 
taincture of this polluted caxke, and would have passage 
[by thy revenging hand] from this loathsome prison and 
fllthy truncke. Speed, Hist. Great Britain (1611), p. 379. 
casket't (kas'ket), n. See casquet 1 . 
casket 2 (kas'ket), . [Formerly also casquet 
(cf. casket 1 = casquet 1 ), < late ME. casket, < OF. 
and F. cassette (= Pr. caisseta = Cat. capseta = 
It. cassetta), a casket, coffer, chest, dim. of 
casse, a chest, box, > E. casft 2 , and, earlier, E. 
case 2 : see caslfi, case 2 .] 1. A small chest or 
box for jewels or other small articles. 
The same quayer to he put in a boxe called a Casket, 
loken. English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 379. 
Here, catch this casket ; it is worth the pains. 
Shak., M. of V., ii. 6. 
Caskets full of pardons. Strype, Edw. VI., an. 1549. 
2. A fanciful name applied to a book con- 
sisting of a number of selected literary or 
musical pieces : as, a casket of literary gems. 
[Bare.] 3. A coffin, especially a costly one: 
used as a softened synonym of coffin. [U. S.] 
4. A stalk or stem. [North. Eng.] 
casket 2 (kas'ket), v. t. [< casket?, n.] To put 
into a little chest. 
I have writ my letters, casketed my treasure. 
Shak., All's Well, ii. 5. 
The jewel safely casketed. Keats. 
casket 3 (kas'ket), n. Same as gasket. 
casknet, n. A corruption of casket 2 . 
casmalos (kas'ma-los), n. [Native.] A name 
of the long-billed crested black parrot, Micro- 
glossns aterrimiis, of New Guinea, 
caspiecawst, caspieclawst, caspielawst, n. 
Same as cashielaws. 
casque (kask), n. [Early mod. E. reg. cask, caskc, 
< F. casque, a helmet, < It. casco, a helmet, < Sp. 
Casquetel. til: 
e of Edward IV., bide and 
back views. 
844 
casco, & helmet, skull, etc.: see cask 1 .'] 1. A 
helmet of any kind. [Chiefly poetic.] 
.My good blade carves the casques of men, 
My tough lance thrusteth sure. 
Tennyson, Sir Galahad. 
2. In zool., some process or formation on the 
head resembling a helmet; a galea. Especially 
applied in ornithology to the horn <it the bill of the horn- 
bills, and to tile frontal boss or shield of various birds, as 
coots, gallinules, and sundry species of the family Icte- 
ridce. The head of the cassowary, Casitarius galeatus, 
offers a good example. See cut under cassowary. 
casquet 1 ! (kas'ket), n. [Early mod. E. casket = 
D. basket = (J. casquet = Dan. kaskjet, a cap, < 
F. casquet, < It. caschetto, a little helmet, dim. 
of casco, a helmet : see cank 1 , casque.'] Ahead- 
piece without a movable vizor, worn in the six- 
teenth century 
and later. 
casquet'-'t, See 
CIlKKCt". 
casquetelt.x. [F., 
dim. of casque.'] 
A small steel cap 
or open helmet 
without beaver 
or vizor, but hav- 
ing a projecting umbril and overlapping plates 
behind for ease in throwing the head back. 
cassH (kas), v. t. [Older form of cash 1 , q. v.] 
1. To quash; defeat; annul. 2. To dismiss; 
cashier. 
To cass all old and unfaithful bands. 
Raleigh, Arts of Empire, p. 14. 
cass 2 t, n. [Contr. of caddis, as case-worm for 
caddis-worm.] A caddis-worm. 
Lumbrici [It.], little easses [corrected canes, ed. 1611] or 
carth-wonnes. Florio (1598). 
cassada, cassado, . Same as cassava. 
Cassandra (ka-san'drii), n. [NL., < L. Cas- 
sandra, < Gr. Kaaaavfipa, in Greek legend a 
daughter of Priam and Hecuba.] In hot., a 
genus of ericaceous plants, of a single species, 
native of the cooler portions of Europe, Asia, 
and North America. C. calyculata is a low shrub of 
the northern United States, with coriaceous evergreen 
leaves (hence its common name of leather-leaf), and cylin- 
drical white flowers appearing in early spring. 
cassareep, cassireepe (kas'a-, kas'i-rep), . 
[Also spelled cassaripe; the South American 
name.] A sauce made of cassava or manioc- 
root. 
cassate (kas'at), v. t. ; pret. and pp. cassated, 
ppr. cassating. [< L. cassatus, pp. of cassare, 
annul, > E. cass 1 = cash 1 = quaslft = cashier 1 : 
see these words.] To vacate, annul, or make 
void. 
This opinion supersedes and cognates the best medium 
we have. Ray, Works of Creation. 
The laws must not so tolerate, as by conserving persons 
to destroy themselves, and the public benefit : but if there 
be cause for it, they must be cassated. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), II. 387. 
cassation 1 (ka-sa'shon), n. [< F. cassation = 
Sp. casaciou = Pg. cassacSo = It. cassazione 
(cf. D. cassatie), < L. as if "cassatio(n-), < cas- 
sare, annul, quash: see cassate.'} The act 
of annulling, reversing, or canceling; annul- 
ment. The Court of Cassation is the highest court of 
France, and receives appeals from all other courts. 
The confederacy of nobles, too, was dissolved, having 
accomplished little, . . . and having lost all credit with 
the people by the formal cassation of the Compromise in 
consequence of the Accord of August. 
Motley, Dutch Republic, II. 3S. 
cassation 2 (ka-sa'shon), n. In music, during 
the eighteenth century, a song or an instru- 
mental piece similar to the serenade, intended 
for performance in the open air. 
cassava (ka-sa'va), . [Formerly also casava, 
casave, cassada, cassado; NL. cassava; (. F. 
cassave, < Sp. casabe, caeabe = Pg. cassave, < 
Haytian kasabi.] 1. The name of several spe- 
cies of Manihot, a euphorbiaceous genus of 
stout herbs, extensively 
cultivated for food in 
tropical America and on 
the coast of Africa, from 
the tuberous roots of 
which cassava - bread, 
cassava-starch, and tapi- 
oca are made. The kinds 
that are chiefly used are M. 
utUiitima (bitter cassava), M. 
Aipi (sweet cassava), and M. 
Carthatjinengis. Also known 
as inandioc, manioc, or ma- 
niocca. See manioc. 
2. The starch prepared 
f .-, ,. 
from the roots of the 
Branch of Cassava (Manthot 
Cassia 
cassava-plant. The roots, which are sometimes a yard 
in length, are grated, and tile pulp is freed from its milky 
juice. This is done by means of sacks made of matting, 
which are tilled and suspended from a beam, weights being 
attached to the lower end. The meal thus dried is often 
made immediately into bread by baking it in broad thin 
cakes. Starch is obtained by washing the meal in water 
ami allowing the farinaceous portion to settle. This starch, 
when dried upon heated plates, is converted into tapioca. 
The juice itself, especially that from the bitter cassava, 
contains a considerable amount of hydrocyanic acid, and 
is very poisonous. 
cassava-wood (ka-sii'vii-wud), . The Turpi- 
nia occidentalis, a celastraceous tree of the West 
Indies. 
casset, ' t. See cats 1 . 
cassedoinet, . An old form of chalcedony. 
casseeret, v. t. An earlier form of cashier 1 . 
Cassegrainian (kas-e-gra'ni-au), .. Relating 
to one Cassegrain, who in 1672 described a new 
form of reflecting telescope essentially differ- 
ent from those of Newton and Gregory. There is 
a hole at the center of the large mirror (as in the Gre- 
gorian form), but the rays leaving that mirror, before 
coming to a focus, strike a small convex mirror, and are 
reflected through the hole to the eyepiece. The telescope 
is shorter than the Gregorian, the spherical aberration is 
partly eliminated, and the loss of light is about that of the 
Newtonian. See telescope. 
Cassel brown, green, etc. See the nouns. 
Casselmann's green. See green. 
cassen (kas'en). An English dialectal form of 
the past participle of cast 1 . 
cassena (ka-se'na), n. [Also cassina, NL. Cas- 
siiic.] A name of the yaupon, Ilex Cassine. 
casse-paper (kas'pa"per), n. [= D. kaspapier; < 
casse, F. cause, broken, pp. of casser, break (see 
cascade 1 , n., and quash 1 ), + paper.] Broken, 
wrinkled, or imperfect paper set aside by the 
paper-maker. 
Casserian (ka-se'ri-an), a. and n. See Gas- 
scrian. 
casserole (kas'e-rol), ?i. [= G. kasserol = Dan. 
kasserolle = It! casseruola = Pr. cassarola, < F. 
casserole, a stew-pan (also dial, castrole, > G. 
dial, kastrol, kastrolle = Sw. kastrull = D. kas- 
trol), dim. of OF. casse = Cat. cassa = It. cazza 
(ML. caza, cazia, cazeola, catiola), a crucible, 
ladle, = Sp. co.ro = Pg. caco, a frying-pan, 
saucepan, < OHG. cheszi (*kuzzi), a kettle, with 
dim. chezzil = E. kettle, q. v.] 1. A stew-pan 
or saucepan. Hence 2. A dish prepared in 
such a pan; a sort of stew: as, a casserole of 
mutton. 3. A sort of cup made of rice, mashed 
potatoes, or the like, and browned in the oven, 
designed to contain some delicate and highly 
flavored dish. 4. Less properly, a rim or edg- 
ing, as of rice, around the edge of a dish of stew, 
or the like. 5. A small handled dish, almost 
as deep as it is 
wide, made of 
porcelain, and 
holding from ,. 
5 to 20 ounces, 
used in chemi- 
cal laboratO- Casserole. 
ries for evap- 
orating solutions to dryness and for other pur- 
poses. 
casserole-fish (kas'e-rol-fish), n. ACreolename 
of the horseshoe crab or king-crab, Limulus 
polyphemus : from its resemblance to a sauce- 
pan. 
cassette (ka-sef), n. [F. (= Pr. caisseta = Cat. 
capseta = It. cassetta), a casket, box: see cas- 
keft.] In the manufacture of chinaware, a 
utensil made of potters' clay with sand, in 
which the ware is baked. It is usually round, 
with a flat bottom. Also called coffin. 
cassetnr breve (ka-se'ter bre've). [L., let the 
brief be annulled : cassetur, 3d pers. sing. pres. 
subj. pass, of cassare, annul; breve, a short 
writing: see cassate and brief.'] In old law, an 
entry on the record, made by a plaintiff who 
is met by a well-founded plea in abatement, 
whereby an end is put to the action, and he can 
begin anew. 
casseweedt (kas'wed), n. An obsolete form of 
caseweed. 
Cassia (kash'ia), n. [L., more correctly casia, 
< Gr. naaia, naoaia, < Heb. qetsi'oth, cassia, a pi. 
form, < qei?i'a>t, cassia-bark, < qatsa', cut.] 1. 
A very large genus of leguminous herbs, shrubs, 
and trees, mostly of tropical or warm regions. 
They have abruptly pinnate leaves, nearly regular flowers, 
and distinct stamens with the anthers opening hy pores. 
The leaves of several species constitute the well-known 
cathartic drug called senna. The purging cassia, C. Fis- 
tula, an ornamental tree of the old world, but frequently 
planted in tropical America, has very long cylindrical 
pods containing a sweetish pulp which is used in medi- 
cine as a mild laxative. The seeds of C. accidental!* are 
