Cassia 
used in tliu tropics as a substitute f"i < '"live. :md ;ire known 
as HCIII-II in- .l/.. ; /./,i,; n./frc, though they contain no caf- 
Flowers and Fruit of Cassia Fistula. 
feln. Some species furnish ornamental woods, and several 
nre in cultivation, many having handsome foliage and 
conspicuous yellow (lowers. 
2. [7. e.] The cinnamon cassia, wild cassia, or 
cassia-bark. See cassia-lignea. Clove cassia, 
the hark of Dicytti-/liitin 0oiyqpA|rfilltum, a little-known 
laiiraceous tree of Brazil. It has a clove-like odor and 
the taate of cinnamon, and is used for mixing with other 
spices. 
cassia-buds (kash'ia-bud/.), n. /*/. The com- 
mercial name for tlie immature fruit of the 
Chinese tree which yields cassia-lignea. They 
are used as a spice. 
Cassia-lignea (kash'iji-lig'ne-a), . [NL., lit. 
ligneous or woody cassia : see Cassia, and ligne- 
ous.] Cassia-bark, or wild cassia, also known 
as Chinese ciiinamon, a species of cinnamon 
obtained chiefly from the Cinnamomum Cassia 
of southern Ohina. Itclosely resembles Ceylon china- 
iiion. and is used for the same purposes. Inferior kinds 
are largely exported from southern India, Sumatra, ami 
other East Indian islands, the product of C. iners and 
other species. 
cassia-oil (kash'iii-oil), n. A volatile oil ob- 
tained from cassia-lignea, resembling oil of cin- 
namon. 
cassia-pulp (kash'ia-pulp), n. The sweet pulp 
which exists in the pods of Cassia Fistula. It 
is used in medicine as a mild purgative. See 
Cassia, 1. 
cassican (kas'i-kan), n. [= F. cassican; < 
Cassicus + -an.] i. A bird of the genus Cas- 
sicus. Curler. 2. An Australian and Papuan 
corvine bird of either of the genera Gymnorhina 
and tStrcpera; a piping-crow. See liarita, (c). 
Cassicinae (kas-i-si'ne), . pi. [NL.,< Cassicus 
+ -imc.] A subfamily of Icteridce, typified by 
the genus Cassicus; the caciques. They have 
naked exposed nostrils and the mesorhinium 
expanded into a frontal shield. 
Cassicus (kas'i-kus), H. [NL. (Brisson, 1760): 
see CacicKs, cacique.] See Cacicus. 
Cassida (kas'i-da), n. [NL., < L. cassis (cas- 
sid-), also cassida, a helmet.] A genus of mo- 
Black-legffed Tortoise-beetle (Cassuia nifripes). 
a, larva i *. larva, cleaned and enlarged ; c, pupa. (Vertical lines 
show natural sixes.) 
nilicorn beetles, giving name to the family Cas- 
<sidid(ri ; the tortoise-beetles. 
845 
Species of Cassida and allied forms are recognized by 
the excessively wirle margins of the prothoru and elytrn, 
lillil by the head being partly or wholly runrealeil beneath 
the forward margin .M the" prothorav, the whole insert 
thus presenting a llattcned, roundish, scale-like a^iieet. 
*/,<//. \,n. lli,l., II. 314. 
Cassidae (kas'i-de), n.pl. [NL.] Same as Cas- 
cassideous (ka-sid'e-us), a. [< L. cassis (cas- 
xiil-), a helmet, + -cous,] In lot., 
helmet-shaped, as the upper se- 
pal in the genus Acouituiii. 
cassidid (kas'i-did), n. A gas- 
tropod of the family Ca.isiilida: 
Cassididae 1 (ka-sid'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Cnssida + -ida'.] In 
entom., a family of phytophagous 
tetramerous Coli-oiiti-rii or bee- 
tles, having a rounded body, 
whence the name of the group. 
Cyclica, in which they were for- 
merly ranged. They are known a ttrttitt iv-tlet and 
liel, art-beetle*, the dilated thorax forming a sort of hel- 
met covering the head. The genera and species are nu- 
merous. Also written Cassida! and Cagtidiadce. See cut 
under CVw.W". 
Cassididae- (ka-sid'i-de), w. pi. [NL., < i'<ix.iix 
(Cassid-) + -idol.] In conch., a group of gastro- 
pod molluskn, typified by the genus Cassis, for- 
merly referred to the Buccinida;, now forming a 
separate family ; the helmet-shells, or cameos. 
They are characterized by a 
generally thick heavy shell, 
with a short spire, a cana- 
liculate aperture, a callous 
columellar lip, and lioth lips 
toothed or ribbed ; and by a 
large head and foot, and a 
Erotrusile proboscis. The 
ngual ribbon has 7 rows of 
teeth ; the median rows are 
transverse and multidentate, 
the inner lateral broad and 
multidentate, and the outer 
lateral unguiculate. The gen- 
era are Cassis, Cassidarut, 
and Oniaeia. Also written 
Caxridiadfe, Cassida. See 
hflinet-shi'll and cameo-shell. 
Cassidina (kas-i-di'na), 
Helmet.shell(Coyf>). [NL.,< L. COSSlS (caS- 
sid-), a helmet, + -ina^.] 
A jjeuus of isopod crustaceans, the species of 
which are known &s shield-slaters. Edwards, 1840. 
Cassidix (kas'i-diks), n. [NL. (Lesson), appar. 
made out of a F. "cassidiques, pi., < L. as if *cas- 
sidieus, adj., < cassis (cassid-), a helmet.] 1. A 
genus of grackles, or American oscine passer- 
ine birds, of the family Icterida; and subfamily 
Quiscalince, having thick bills and boat-shaped 
tails: same as Scaphidurus (Swainson, 1831). 
X. P. Lesson, 1831. 2. [/. c.] The specific name 
of the hornbill of Celebes, Buceros cassidix. C. 
J. Temminck, 1820. 3. A generic name of the 
same. C. L. Bonaparte, 1849. 
cassidony 1 (kas'i-do-ni), n. A corruption of 
chalcedony. 
cassidony 2 (kas'i-do-ni), n. [A corruption of 
L. stcechas Sidonia, the stoachas of Sidon, where 
the plant is indigenous.] The popular name 
of the plant Lavandula Stwchas, or French lav- 
ender. 
Cassidula (ka-sid'u-la), n. [NL. (Humphreys, 
1797), dim. of L/cnssi's (cassid-), a helmet.] 1. 
The typical genus of sea-urchins of the family 
Cassidulida; 1 . Also Cassiditlns: Laniard; 1816. 
2. In conch., a genus of 
basommatophorous pul- 
monato gastropods, of the 
family Auriculidai, having 
a squarish body-whorl, 
very short spire, and Ca ,, aula auris . /elil . 
toothed lips. The species 
inhabit the sea-shores of the Indo-Pacific re- 
gion. Also Cassidulus; Latreille, 1825. 
Cassidulidae 1 (kas-i-du'li-de), . pL [NL., < 
Cassidula, 1, + -idee.] A family of exocyclic 
or petalpstichous echinoderms, or irregular 
sea-urchins, known as heart-urchins, having a 
rounded or oval form, very fine spines, and no 
fascicles. It includes the subfamilies Echino- 
neince and Xuclcolinae. 
Cassidulidae 2 (kas-i-du'li-de), . pi [NL., < 
Cassidulus + -ida;.] A family of proboscis-bear- 
ing pectinibranchiate gastropods, typified by 
the genus Cassidulus. They are characterized by a 
long neck and small head, tentacles small and near the end 
of the head, and teeth on the lingual riblwn in :t rows, the 
central moderately broad, and the lateral versatile and 
bidentate ; the shell is pear-shaped or ol>conic, and with 
a produced canal. The species are inhabitants of tropical 
seas. 
Cassidulus (ka-sid'u-lus), . [NL., < L. cassis 
(cassid-), a helmet.] 1. A name of a genus of 
Cassiopeia 
gastropods taken for the type of the family Cat- 
f-'nliiHilii'-: syiMHiyinmis with M<-ltiyrim. 2. 
S:imc as Ciixsidnla. 
cassimere (kus'i-mer), n. [Also casimire; cor- 
niiilcd Id /,' rttii/iiim. ([. v. ; = I), kaziniirr = Q. 
Dan. Sw. /.unnnir, < I-', <-n.fi mir, prob. < S]>. c.s/- 
miro = I'tf. t'<i.iiinira = It. ciixiinira, > Turk. <fd;- 
inir, ca-simcrc' ; ult. the same word as i-aslnin-n: 
q. v.] Awoolen cloth aboutSO inches in width, 
used for men's wear; specifically, a twilli-d 
cloth of the above description, used principally 
for trousers. 
cassina (ka-si'na), H. Same as cass< it". 
cassine (ka-sen'j, . [F.,< It. casino, a coun- 
try-house, etc.: see nnsiito.] A small house, 
especially in the open country: specifically, a 
hpuHo standing ulono, where soldiers may lie 
hid or take a position. 
cassinet, . Same as cassinette. 
cassinette (kas-i-nef), . [= (i. <-n.ixni< t, Sji. 
i-iixiiiati- ; a sort of dim. of cassimere.] A cloth 
made of a cotton warp and a woof of very tine 
wool, or wool and silk, used for waistcoats. 
Also called l.-i r. i/n<ltc. J-:. 11. KniyM. 
Cassinian (ka-sin'i-an), . and H. I. a. Per- 
taining to a member of the Italian aud French 
family Cassini, which 
produced four genera- 
tions of astronomers, 
1625-1845. Also Cassi- 
noid. 
If we wish the plane of mo- 
tion to he of limited extent, we 
must make its boundary one of 
the Ctuxinian ellipses. 
Hiwhin, Uniplanar Kincmat- 
[ics, VI. iii. 130. 
Cassinian oval, or Cassin- 
ian, a bicircular quartic curve, 
the locus of a point the pro- 
duct of whose distances from 
two tlxed points is constant. 
The Cartesian equation is 
(12 ). yZ + a2)2 4o2i2 = ,4. If m2 < a2, the real curve 
consists of two ovals ; if >-' ><i-, it consists of one; and 
if in- = n-, it becomes the lemniscate. Cassinians arc 
curves of the eighth class (except the lemnfscate, which 
is of the sixth), and have four stationary tangents on the 
absolute. 
II. a. A Cassinian oval. 
cassinite (kas'i-mt), . A kind of feldspar from 
Delaware county, Pennsylvania, remarkable for 
containing several per cent, of baryta. 
cassino, n. See casino, 3. 
cassinoid (kas'i-noid), n. and a. [As Cas- 
sia-tan + -aid; = F. cassinoide.] I. n. In math., 
a plane curve, the locus of a point the product 
of whose distancesfrom a number of fixed points 
is constant ; a logarithmic potential curve. See 
Cassinian. 
II. a. [cap.] Same as Cassinian. 
Cassiope (ka-si'o-pe), n. [NL., < L. Cassiope, < 
Gr. Kaeatom;, a fern, proper name. Cf. Cassio- 
peia.] A small genus of ericaceous plants, low 
evergreen shrubs, resembling heaths, natives 
of alpine and arctic regions, chiefly of North 
America. C. hypnoides, of Labrador and Greenland 
and the mountains of New York and New England, is also 
a native of Lapland and arctic Siberia. 
Cassiopeia (kas"i-o-pe'ya), n. [L., also written 
Cassiopea, Cassiep'eia, -pea, and Cassiope (> F. 
Cassiopee = Sp. Casiopea = Pg. It. Cassiopea), 
< Gr. Kaoaitixcia, Kaaoicireia, and Kaooiovi/, in 
myth, the wife of Cepheus, king of Ethiopia, 
and mother of Andromeda ; afterward placed 
Four Confocal Cassinian 
Ovals. 
F, F. tact. Putting *a for 
the distance between them, 
the equations of_the ovals 
represented are V pp o.8a, 
\* pp' = a (the lemniscate. 
or ngure-8 curve), 1/M* ~ 
i.aa. )/ pp' = I.5<|. 
1 
The Constellation Cassiopeia, according to the description of Ptolemy. 
