catacomb 
these catacombs probably served to some extent as places 
of refuge and concealment for Christians during the ear- 
lier persecutions, the original idea of their construction 
was undoubtedly that they should be used only as burial- 
vaults. The length of the galleries in the Roman cata- 
combs has been variously estimated at from 350 to 900 
miles, and the number of bodies there interred is said to 
be over 0,000,000. Similar underground burial-places are 
found at Naples, Cairo, Paris, etc. Those of Paris are aban- 
doned quarries extending under a large portion of the 
city, which were made into a bouery in 1780, when the iu- 
trainural cemeteries of the city were condemned and the 
bones were removed thither. 
catacorolla (kat"a-ko-rol'a), 'ii. [NL., < Gr. 
Kara, against, + corolla, q. v.] A second co- 
rolla formed in a flower outside of and inclos- 
ing the primary corolla, thus producing a kind 
of ' hose-in-hose " flower. 
catacoustics (kat-a-kos'tiks or -kous'tiks), . 
[< Gr. aara, against (with ref. to reflection), + 
acoustics. Cf. F. catiieo/tstiqite = Sp. cataeiis- 
tica = Pg. It. catacustica.] That part of the 
science of acoustics which treats of reflected 
sounds, or of the properties of echoes ; cata- 
phonics. 
catacrotic (kat-a-krot'ik), a. [< Gr. Kara, down, 
+ Kp6ros, a beating, knocking.] In physiol., 
noting that form of pulse-tracing in which the 
secondary elevations appear on the descending 
portion of the curve. 
catadioptric, catadioptrical (kat"a-di-op'trik, 
-tri-kal), a. [< Gr. Kara, down, against (with 
ref. to reflection), + dioptric. Cf. F. catadiop- 
trique = Sp. catadioptrico = It. catadiottrico.] 
Pertaining to or involving both the refraction 
and the reflection of light. Catadioptric tele- 
scope, a reflecting telescope. 
catadioptrics (kat"a-di-op'triks), n. [PI. of 
cutiidioi/tric : see -ics.] That branch of optics 
which embraces phenomena in which both the 
reflection and the refraction of light are in- 
volved. 
catadrome (kat'a-drom), n. [< Gr. Karadpofto;, 
a race-course, < Karafpauelv (second aor. asso- 
ciated with pres. Kararpexeiv), run down, < Kara, 
down, + ipa/ittv, run. Cf. hippodrome.] 1. A 
race-course. 2. A machine like a crane, for- 
merly used by builders for raising and lower- 
ing heavy weights. 3. A fish that goes down 
to the sea to spawn. 
catadromOUS (ka-tad'ro-mus), a. [< Gr. Kar<i- 
rfpo/iof, overrun (taken in the sense of ' run- 
ning down'), ( Kara, down, + fipattelv, run.] 
Running down ; descending : applied to cer- 
tain fishes which descend streams to the sea to 
spawn : opposed to attadromous. 
The eel is ... an example of a catadronwius fish that 
is, one descending from the fresh water into the sea to 
breed. Smithsonian Rep., 1880, p. 372. 
catadupet (kat'a-dup), . [< F. catadupe, cata- 
doupe = Sp. Pg. It. catadupa, a cataract, < L. 
Catadupa, the cataracts of the Nile, Catadupi, 
those dwelling near, < Gr. Karadov-xot, a name 
given to the cataracts of the Nile, < KaraSowtiv, 
fall with a loud, heavy sound, < Kara, down, + 
Sawreiv, sound, < (fowrof, a dull, heavy sound.] 
1. A cataract or waterfall. 
As to the catadupes, those high cataracts that fell with 
such a noise that they made the inhabitants deaf, I take 
all those accounts to be fabulous. 
Pococke, Description of the East, I. 122. 
2. A person living near a cataract. 
The Egyptian kaladupes never heard the roaring of the 
fall of Nilus, because the noise was so familiar unto them. 
A. Brewer (?), Lingua, iii. 7. 
Catadysas (ka-tad'i-sas), n. [NL., < Gr. naraSv- 
atf, a dipping under water, setting, < KaraSveiv, 
dip under water, go down, sink, < Kara, down, -t- 
SVCLV, get into, dive.] The typical genus of the 
family Catadysida. C. pumilus is an example. 
Catadysidae (kat-a-dis'i-de), n. pi [NL., < Ca- 
tadysas + -idee.] A family of spiders, repre- 
sented by the genus Catadysas. They have the 
palpi inserted near the extremity of the maxillee, and the 
mandibular claw longitudinally directed, as in the Thera- 
phogidce, but are said to have only two pulmonary sacs 
and otherwise to resemble the Lycosidai. The species are 
North American. 
catafalcot (kat-a-fal'ko), n. Same as cata- 
falque. 
catafalque (kat'a-falk), . [Also in It. form 
catafalco; = D. ti'an. G. katafalk = Buss, kata- 
falku, < F. catafalque, < It. catafalco, a funeral 
canopy, stage, scaffold, = Sp. Pg. catafalco, a 
funeral canopy, = Pr. cadafalc = OF. escafaut, 
*escafalt (> E. scaffold), F. echafaud (ML. cata- 
faltus, etc.), a scaffold: see scaffold, which is a 
doublet of catafalque.] A stage or scaffolding, 
erected usually in the nave of a church, to sup- 
port a coffin on the occasion of a ceremonious 
funeral. In the middle ages it was common to erect a 
canopy upon this, covering the eornn ; the whole structure 
854 
was made somewhat to resemble an ecclesiastical edifice 
of the style then prevailing, and was allowed to remain for 
some little time after the ceremony. The modern cata- 
falque is generally without a canopy, and in Roman Cath- 
olic countries is surrounded by large tapers, which are 
burned during a day or two preceding the burial. The 
catafalque is sometimes used as a hearse in carrying the 
body to the grave or tomb at a public or ceremonious fu- 
neral. 
The tomb was a simple catafalque, covered with the usual 
cloth. H. F. llurton, El-Medinah, p. 471. 
catagenesis (kat-a-jen'e-sis), . [NL., < Gr. 
Kara, down, + yeveaif, generation: see genesis.] 
In Wo/., creation by retrograde metamorphosis 
of energy. E. D. Cope. 
catagmatic (kat-ag-mat'ik), a. and . [= F. 
eataymatiyue = Sp. catagmdtico = Pg. catag- 
matico, < Gr. Karayua(r-), a breakage, < Kara- 
yvvvat, break in pieces, < Kara intensive + ayvi'- 
var, break.] I. . In med., having the property 
of consolidating broken parts; promoting the 
union of fractured bones. 
II. n. In med., a remedy believed to pro- 
mote the union of fractured parts. Dunglison. 
catagmatical (kat-ag-mat'i-kal), a. Pertaining 
to catagmatics. Coles. 
catagrapht (kat'a-graf), n. [< L. catagrn/i/ia, 
n. pi., profile paintings, < Gr. naraypayii, a draw- 
ing, outline, < nara^paifiof, drawn in outline, < 
Karaypatyuv, draw in outline, write down, < Kara, 
down, + ypaijieiv, write.] 1. The first draft of 
a picture. 2. A profile. 
Catalan, Cathaian (ka-ta'an, -tha'au), a. and 
. [< Cathay, formerly pronounced C'atay, 
called Kitai by Marco Polo; said to be a Per- 
sian corruption of Ki-tan, the name of a Tatar 
tribe who ruled the northern part of China 
from A. D. 1118 to 1235, under the title of the 
Kin, or golden dynasty.] I. a. Of or pertaining 
to Cathay. 
II. . A native of Cathay (an early, and now 
only a poetic, name for China) ; a foreigner gen- 
erally ; hence, in old writers, an indiscriminate 
term of reproach. 
I will not believe such a Catalan, though the priest o' 
the town commended him for a true man. 
Shak., M. W. of W.,li. 1. 
Catalan (kat'a-lan), a. and . [= F. Catalan, 
< Sp. Catalan'^ pertaining to CaialuKa, Catalo- 
nia, < Gothalania, the land of the Goths and 
Alans, who settled in it in the 5th century.] 
I. a. Pertaining to Catalonia, a former province 
of Spain (now a geographical division compris- 
ing several provinces), or to its inhabitants or 
language Catalan forge or furnace. See furnace. 
II. n. 1. A native of Catalonia, Spain; es- 
pecially, one belonging to the indigenous race 
or people of Catalonia, wherever found, as dis- 
tinguished from other Spaniards. 2. The lan- 
guage of Catalonia, Valencia, and the Balearic 
isles. It holds a position similar to the Provencal, to 
which it is closely related, Catalonia having been ruled by 
a line of French counts for several centuries before its union 
with Aragon in 1137. The language was early cultivated 
and had a considerable literature. 
catalectic (kat-a-lek'tik), a. and n. [= F. cata- 
Icctigue = Sp. catalectico = Pg. catalectico = It. 
catalfttico, < LL. catalecticus, < Gr. Kara^r/KriKog, 
leaving off, < KaraM/ytiv, leave off, < Kara inten- 
sive + Miyetv, leave off, cease.] I. a. In pros.: 
(a) Wanting part of the last foot: as, a catalec- 
tic line or verse : opposed to acatatectic. in the 
following couplet the second line is catalectic, the first 
acatalectic. 
Tell me I not, In | mournful | numbers, 
Life Is | but an | empty | dream ! 
Verses consisting of feet of three or more syllables are de- 
scribed as catalectic in a syllable, a dijtyUable, or a trisyl- 
lable, according to the number of syllables in the last or 
incomplete foot. 
If the first half of the line has its 12 short times, the 
second or catalectic part would seem to have but 11 ; but 
Aristoxenus, as we have seen, rejects the foot of 11 shorts 
as being unrhythmical. J. Hadley, Essays, p. 10S. 
(6) In a wider sense, wanting part of a foot 
or measure: as, a catalectic colon; a verse 
doubly catalectic. See brachycatalectic, dicata- 
lectic, hypercatalcctic, and procatalectic. 
H. n. A catalectic verse. 
catalecticant (kat-a-lek'ti-kant), . [< Gr. 
KarafaKrlov, to be reckoned up or counted, ver- 
bal adj. of Karate yeiv, lay down, pick out, count, 
< Kara, down, + teyeiv, lay.] In math., the in- 
variant whose vanishing expresses that a quan- 
tic of order 2 can be reduced to the sum of n 
powers of order 2. The catalecticant of the sextic 
(a, i>, c, d, e, /, y) (x, i/) is 
a, b, e, d 
b, c, d, e 
c, a, e, / 
d, e, f, g, 
and those of other orders are formed in the same way. 
catalogue 
catalepsy (kat'a-lep-si), . [Also, as LL., cata- 
li'psis (> F. caialepsie = Sp. Pg. catalepsia = 
It. eatalessia), < Gr. zra/^i/f, a grasping, seiz- 
ing, < Kara'f.afipavuv, seize upon, < Kara, down, 
+ )iaupdveiv (y *?.a/3), seize, take. Cf. epilepsy.] 
An affection, generally connected with hyste- 
ria, characterized by attacks resembling hys- 
terical coma, with a peculiar muscular rigidity 
of the limbs; a similar abnormal state pro- 
duced artificially in the healthy body in certain 
mesmeric states. 
cataleptic (kat-a-lep'tik), a. and n. [= F. ctita- 
leptique = Sp. cataMpticu = Pg. cataleptico = It. 
catalettico, < LL. catalepticus, < Gr. Kara't.riirriKoi;, 
< Karal.riTJiic; : see catalepsy.] I. a. Pertaining 
to, of the nature of, or affected with catalepsy. 
Silas's cataleptic fit occurred during tin- prayer-meeting. 
George Eliot, Silas Marner, i. 
The young lady was able to execute [on the pianoforte], 
in the cataleptic state, what she apparently had not learned 
and could not execute when out of that state. 
Pop. Sci. Mo., XIII. 4i>0. 
II. n. A person affected with catalepsy, 
cataleptiform (kat-a-lep'ti-form), a. [< LL. 
catalepsis (-lept-) + L. forma, form.] Resem- 
bling catalepsy. 
cataleptize (kat-a-lep'tiz), c. t. ; pret. and pp. 
cutaleptized, ppr. catakptizing. [< cataUjit-ir 
+ -ize.] To render cataleptic. 
A most remarkable phenomenon may be observed in 
some instances : by merely opening one eye of the lethar- 
gic patient the corresponding side of the body is cattih'/>- 
tiled. Fortnightly Ret., N. S., XLI. 733. 
We read of priests being cataleptized at the altar in the 
attitude of elevating the sacrament. 
Quoted ill Fortnightly Ren., N. 8., XLI. 73U. 
cataleptoid (kat-a-lep'toid), ii. [< catalepsis 
(-lept-) + -old.] Resembling catalepsy. 
catalexis (kat-a-lek'sis), n. [< Gr. /caraAr/f^-, 
an ending, termination (in prosody as in def.), 
< Karalrft'eiv, leave off: see catalectic.] In pros., 
incompleteness of the last foot or measure of 
a verse ; in a wider sense, incompleteness of 
any foot in a verse. Catalexis is not the suppression 
of any rhythmical element, but the want of a correspond- 
ing syllable or syllables in the words to fill out a time 
(mora) or times necessary to the metrical completeness of 
the line. This space is filled out by a pause in the quan- 
titative poetry of the Greeks and Romans, either by a pause 
or by prolonging the preceding syllable. 
Lines therefore will be so divided into feet that the ictus 
shall always fall on the first syllable of each foot, admit- 
ting anacrusis and catalexis wherever necessary. 
Trans. Amer. Philol. As., XVI. 4. 
Catallacta (kat-a-lak'ta), n. pi. [NL.. < Gr. 
*KaraMaKrof, verbal adj. of Kara/.Uaauv, change, 
exchange: see catallactics.] A group of endo- 
plastic Protozoa, the type of which is the genus 
Magosphtcra, established by Haeckel in 1871: 
now called Catallactidce (which see). See cut 
under MagosvhcKra. 
catallactically (kat-a-lak'ti-kal-i), adv. [< 
"catallactic, implied in catallactics, q. v.] In 
exchange; in return. [Rare.] 
You may grow for your neighbour, at your liking, grapes 
or grapeshot ; he will also catallactically grow grapes or 
grapeshot for you, and yon w ill each reap what yoti have 
sown. Rutfkin, Unto this Last, iv. 
catallactics (kat-a-lak'tiks), n. [< Gr. Kara/.- 
'AaKTiK^f, easy to reconcile, but taken in its lit- 
eral sense of ' changeable, having to do with ex- 
change,' < "/caraA/laKTOf, verbal adj. of KaraU&o- 
aciv, change (money), exchange, also reconcile, 
< KOTO, down, against, -1- a'AAaaaeiv, change, < 
aWof = L. alitis, other: see else.] The science 
of exchanges : adopted by Whately as a desig- 
nation of political economy. 
One eminent writer has proposed as a name for Political 
Economy Catallactics, or the science of exchanges. 
J. S. Mill, Pol. Econ., III. i. 1. 
Catallactidae (kat-a-lak'ti-de), w. pi. [NL., < 
Catallacta + -MflkJ A family of pelagic poly- 
mastigate pantostomatous infusorians, corre- 
sponding to Haeckel's group of Catallacta, co- 
herent in social clusters, with their anterior and 
exposed border clothed with long vibratile fla- 
gella, and with no distinct oral aperture. 
catalog (kat'a-log), . A recent spelling of 
catalogue. 
catalogue (kat'a-log), . [Also recently cata- 
log; = D. t;atal(iog = G. catalog, katalog = Dan. 
Sw. katalog = Buss, katalogti, < F. catalogue = 
Pr. toithalogue = Sp. catdlogo = Pg. It. catalogo, 
< LL. catalogus, < Gr. xard^ojof, a list, register, 
< Karateyeiv, reckon up, tell at length, < Kara, 
down, + %iyeiv, tell, say.] A list or register 
of separate items; an itemized statement or 
enumeration; specifically, a list or enumera- 
tion of the names of men or things, with added 
particulars, disposed in a certain order, gener- 
ally alphabetical : as, a eataloyue of the students 
