cavalier 
a raised work commonly situated \vitliin the 
bastion, Imt sometimes placed in the gorges, or 
on the middle of the curtain. It is 10 or la frrt 
higher than the rest of the works, unit is u.sed to command 
all the adjacent works and the surrounding country. It 
is designed cliletly to hring a plunging tire to bear on tin- 
assailants' works exterior to the enceinte. 
6. Iii the niaiiet/c, one who understands horse- 
manship ; a skilled or practised rider. - Cavalier 
battery. SIT- iiattn-ti. 
II. a. If. Knightly; brave; warlike. 
Tlh' people arc naturally not valiant, anil not much 
ril nil '!-. Hni /,(/<(;/. 
2. Gay ; sprightly ; easy ; offhand ; frank ; care- 
less. 
The plodding, persevering, scrupulous accuracy of the 
one, and the easy, mealier vcrliul iluency of the other, 
form a complete contrast. llazlitt. 
3. Haughty; disdainful; supercilious: as, a 
rude and cacalicr answer. 
4. [cufi.] Belonging or relating to the party of 
Charles I. of England. 
"1'is an old Ca fuller family. Ilium: -li, Coningsby, 111. 3. 
cavalier (kav-a-ler'), r. i. [< ciinilin; n.] To 
act as a cavalier ; ape the manners of a cava- 
lier; carry one's self in a disdainful or high- 
handed fashion : sometimes followed by it : as, 
to try to cavalier it over one's associates. 
An old drunken, i : ut;iln'i-iii luitler. 
Scott, Old Mortality, i. 
cavalierish (kav-a-ler'ish), . [< cacalier + 
-i.*li 1 .] Of or belonging to a cavalier, or to the 
party of Charles I. of England. 
The camlierith party. Ludlutv, Memoirs, II. 188. 
The land is full of discontents, & the Cacaleerixh party 
doth still expect a day & nourish hopes of a Revolution. 
Quoted in Luwll, Among my Books, Istser., p. 250. 
cavalierism (kav-a-ler'izm), n. [< cavalier + 
-torn.] The practice or principles of cavaliers. 
Scott. 
cavalierly (kav-a-ler 'li), adv. In a cavalier 
manner; arrogantly; disdainfully; supercili- 
ously. 
He has treated our opinion a little too cavalierly. 
Juniua, Letters. 
I protest I do not understand all this ; . . . you treat me 
very cavalierly. Goldsmith, Good-natured Man, iv. 
Those who cavalierly reject the Theory of Evolution, as 
not adequately supported by facts, seem quite to forget 
that their own theory is supported by no facts at all. 
H. Spencer, Universal Progress, p. 377. 
cavalierness (kav-a-ler'nes), n. [< cavalier, 
a., + -ness.] The quality of being cavalier ; 
arrogance; a disdainful manner. [Bare.] 
cavalierot, [Intended for It. cavaliere : see 
cavalier.] A cavalier; a gallant. 
Then this brave cacaliero 
Is openly baffled in his mistress' sight, 
And dares not fight himself. 
Beau, and Fl. (!), Faithful Friends, i. 2. 
It occurred to him [the author] that the more serious 
scenes of his narrative might be relieved by the humour 
of a cavaliero of the age of Queen Elizabeth. 
.>.w. Monastery, Int. 
cavallard (kav-a-lyard'), w. [< Sp. caballardu, 
a drove of horses, \caliallo. ahorse: seecabafi.] 
A name in some parts or the western United 
States for a drove of horses or mules. Also 
carauard. 
cavalleria (Sp. pron. ka-val-ya-re'S,), n. A mea- 
sure of land used in Cuba, equal to 33.1 acres, 
being a little less than the Castilian zugada. 
There is a Mexican cavalleria of 131 acres. 
cavalli, . See f orally. 
cavallo (H.pron. ka-val'16), . [It., lit. ahorse: 
see cabaft, court 1 .] A Neapolitan coin, equal 
to about iV of a United States cent. 
cavally, cavalli (ka-val'i), . ; pi. cavallies, ca- 
vallis (-iz). [Also cavalle, and crevally, crevalle, 
< Sp. caballa (= Pg. cavalla), a horse-mackerel, 
< caballo = Pg. cavaUto, a horse: see cabal 2 .] 
A fish of the genus Caranx. See Caranx and 
horse-mackerel. 
The cavalli has a pointed head and snout, with moder- 
ately large conical and pointed teeth. 
Sportmtaril Gazetteer, p. 392. 
cavalott, n. [Origin obscure.] An old form of 
cannon made of wrought-iron, and firing a 
charge consisting of one pound of lead bullets. 
cavalry (kav'al-ri), . [Formerly cavallerie, < 
F. cavallerie, now cavalerie, < It. cavalleria, 
cavalry, knighthood (= Sp. caballeria = Pg. 
cavallaria = OF. chevalerie, "> E. chivalry), < 
cavaliere, a horseman, knight : see cavalier.] A 
class of soldiers who march and fight on horse- 
back ; that part of an army, or of any military 
871 
force, which consists of troops that serve on 
horseback, as distinguished from infantry, or 
fool -soldiers. Their elli.-aey and general iln|Mlan. e 
an.-, trout their adaptation to rapid iu\euicntn, thus en- 
abling a commander to avail himself of decisive oppor- 
tunities, as in the c.\|M>eure of weak points in the eiiciii} * 
lines, or the occurrence of disorder in his ranks. Tin > art 
also employed [ur intercepting the enemy's supplies, fur- 
nishing detachments and escorts, procuring intell 
protecting the center or wings of an army, or coverinu a 
retreat. The uses of cavalry, houcver, are necessarily 
limited by the nature of the ground. Modern cavalry con- 
sists of two grand classes, heart/ and Haiti (distiimuNhed 
by weight of men, horses, anil equipments), which :. 
ceptiltlc of subdivision according to the service required, 
as aiiraxxii-rx, (/myrnmx, lam-i-i-*, /<"*.", ,v, etr. 
cavalryman (kav'al-ri-inan), n.; ]>\.varalrifiiirn 
(-men). A soldier trained to fight on horse- 
back; a member of a cavalry regiment. 
Each cavaln/ni'i n had been required to start with ten 
pounds of grain for his horse. The Century, XXVII I. US, 
cavan (ka-van'), n. Same as caban. 
cavas, n. See mmx.s-. 
cavasina (kav-a-si'nft), n. A fish of the family 
I'liruiii/iilii; ffrriiiln oOffoNf; a kind of amber- 
fish. [California.] 
cavass, kavass (ka-vas'), . [Turk, gateau, (ja- 
icds (kawas, lean-was).] 1. An armed and uni- 
formed attendant attached to the suite of a per- 
son of distinction in Turkey. 
Their cam** brought up a native who told them thai 
(ijolbaschi was only about three leagues off, and otlcrcd to 
guide them. t'nrtiiinlitly Rev., N. S., XXXIX. 813. 
2f. A Turkish police-officer. 
Also euros, catcass, kawatis. 
cavassont, See carczon. 
cavate (ka'vat), r. t. ; pret. and pp. cavated, 
ppr. ca fating. [< L. cavatus, pp. of carun; 
make hollow, < cavus, hollow: see cnre 1 .] To 
make hollow; dig out; excavate. [Bare.] 
cavatina (kav-a-te'na), w. [It., > F. cacatine.] 
In mtuic, a melody of simpler character than 
the aria, and without a second part and a da 
capo or return part. The term is occasionally 
applied, however, to airs of any kind. 
cavation (ka-va'shon), H. [< It. cavazioiie, < 
L. cavatio(n-), an excavation, < cavare: see ca- 
vate.] 1. The act of hollowing or excavating; 
specifically, in arch., the digging or excavating 
of the earth for the foundation of a building; 
the trench or excavation so dug. In the spe- 
cific use also spelled cavazion. 2. In fencing, 
a method of evading a low thrust by drawing 
the haunch backward, thus withdrawing the 
abdomen and chest from the reach of the ad- 
versary's weapon. Rolando (ed. Forsyth). 
cavayard (kav-a-yard'), n. Same as carallard. 
cavazion, . See cavation, 1. 
cave 1 (kav), . [< ME. care, < OF. care, caitr, a 
cave (var. cage, a cage, > E. cage), = Pr. 8p. Pg. 
It. cava, < L. cavea, a cave, also a cage, < cams, 
hollow (neut. cavum, a cave), akin to Gr. ni-a/i, 
a hole (cf . Or. Koi/of, orig. "/.aft/of (?), hollow, = 
L. cesium, orig. "cavilum, the sky : see ceil, n., ce- 
Icstialj etc.), < KVCIV, itvelv, conceive, swell, orig. 
contain. Hence cavern, cage, concave, excavate, 
etc.] 1. A hollow place in the earth; espe- 
cially, a natural cavity of considerable size, 
extending more or less horizontally into a hill 
or mountain; a cavern; a den. caves are princi- 
pally met with in limestone rocks, in gypsiuu, sometimes 
in sandstone, and in volcanic rocks. Some of them have 
a very grand and picturesque appearance, such as Fin- 
gal's Cave in Statt'a, on the west coast of .Scotland, the en- 
trance to which is formed by columnar ranges of basalt 
supporting an arch 60 feet high and 33 feet wide. Some, 
as the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, which incloses an 
extent of about 40 miles of subterraneous windings, are 
celebrated for their great extent and subterranean waters, 
or for then- gorgeous stalactites anil stalagmites. Others 
are of interest to the geologist and archreologist from the 
occurrence in them of osseous remains of animals of the 
Pleistocene period, or for the evidence their clay floors 
and rudely sculptured walls, and the implements found 
in them, offer of the presence of prehistoric man. 
And Lot went up out of Zoar, . . . and he dwelt in a 
cave, he and his two daughters. Gen. xix. 30. 
He slow [slew] Cacua in a cave of stoon [stone). 
Chaucer, Monk's Tale, 1. 117. 
A hollow cave or lurking-place. Shak., Tit And., v. 2. 
2. A cellar; a subterranean chamber. [Obso- 
lete or local.] 
But nowe there stondeth neuer a house, hut oonly two 
Towres and certayne caiies vuder the grounde. 
Sir R. Guytforde, Pylgrymage, p. 16. 
3f. Any hollow place or part ; a cavity. 
The caw of the ear. . Bacon, Nat. Hist. 
4. The ash-pit of a glass-furnace. 5. [cap.] A 
name given to a party in the British Parliament 
who seceded from the Liberals on the reform bill 
introduced by them in 1866. See Adullamitf. 
Hence 6. Any small faction of seceders or 
dissidents in Parliament. 
caveacb 
cave 1 (kiiv), r. : |uvt. and pp. run-it, ppr. raring. 
L< fare, n. ; = F. mn-r = 1'r. Sp. Pg. riirnr = It. 
riinn'r, < L. riii'iiri . liuki- hollmv, hollow out, 
excavate, < riinix, hollow: sec run), n., from 
which the K. \erli is in part din-el Iv derived. 
In def. 11., -, as in the phrase rnri m. the verb, 
though now completely identified with run '. r., 
with ret', to the noun rc/i, is in its origin an 
accommodation of i he dial, min-, ruin- in. < <<///', 
:i iletached mans of earth: sec i.'alrr, r., 2, and 
m//'i, H., 7, s, !).] I. traim. To make hollow; 
hollow out. 
The nioiildred eat tb bad i-nr',1 the balike. 
. -r, K. (;., IV. v. 33. 
II. itilraiii-: 1. To dwell in a cave. [Bare.] 
It ma> be liranl at < i>in t tliat -urb as we 
l'ii>-' In n . hunt bere, are outlaws. 
Hlmk.. I'ymlx'linf, iv. 2. 
2. To fall in and leave a hollow, as earth on 
the side of a well or pit: absolutely, or with 
in! as, tin- earth lii-^an to rurc.a. Figura- 
tively, to break down ; yield; give up ; submit ; 
knock under: absolutely, or with i' : as, at this 
he cared. [Slang.] 
A puppy, three weeks old, joins the chase with heart 
and soul but c<uv# in at about !in\ >ards. and sits him 
down in bark. II. K itry Ilamlyn, xxviil. 
cave 2 , kave (kav), r. ; pret. and pp. mm/, in ml. 
ppr. raring, im iui/. [Sc. also keare, kere, < ME. 
run n, it rin, < NoTW. kura, tlirow, toss, snatch, 
move the hands as in scattering, stirring, row- 
ing, etc., also kaara, snatch, stir, shake (cf. 
1,-afxa in similar sense), appar. a particular use 
of or confused with kaca Icel. kafa, dip, dive, 
swim, plunge, tr. dip, plunge, reft, dip, dive, 
impers. sink, founder, also der. krfja, < Norw. 
kar, a dive, plunge, the sea, the deep, also stir, 
agitation, quick motion of the hands, = Icel. 
kaf, a dive, a plunge, poet, the deep, the sea. 
Hence cane 2 .] I. trans. 1. To toss or pitch : 
as, to cave hay. 2. To toss in a threatening or 
haughty manner : as, to cave the horns (said of 
horned cattle) ; to cave the head. 3. To clean 
(threshed grain) by tossing or raking (it) on a 
barn-floor or a threshing-floor. [Old and prov. 
Eng. and Scotch in all uses.] 
And nygh it make a place high, plain, and pure, 
When nede is therto fare upon tin corne, 
This wol availle. and make it longe endure. 
Palladia*, Husbondric (E. E. T. 8.), p. 37. 
Il.t in trans. 1. To move; rush. 
I ... blusched [looked] on the Imrghe as I forth droned 
[hastened] 
Bygonde the Imik fro me warde keueil. 
Alliterative I'uems (E. E. T. S.), L 979. 
2. To sink ; be plunged or buried. 
Thou wylncj ouer this water to weue, 
Er moste thou ceuer to other counsayl, 
Thy corse In clot mot calder [colder] teue. 
Alliterative J'aeinn (E. E. T. S.), i. 318. 
cave 2 , kave (kav), . [< care 2 , kare, v.] A toss, 
as of the head. [Scotch and prov. Eng. ] 
cavea (ka've-a), H. ; pi. cmr(-e). [L., a cage: 
see cage, cavc^.] Among the ancient Bomans : 
(a) A cage or den for wild beasts, etc. ; liter- 
ally, any cavity or hollow place, (b) In gen- 
eral, the auditorium of a theater or amphithea- 
Cavea. Odeum of Rcgilla, Athens. 
ter: so called from its concave form, and by 
analogy with the similar application by the 
Greeks of the word KO'I'/OV, a hollow. 
A very rude low wall divides the cavea, cut entirely out 
of the side of the hill, from the orchestra below, partly 
formed on made ground, and another runs across where 
the stage should he. Athenaeum, So. 3084, p. 751. 
[By synecdoche, the word cavea was often used to denote 
the whole theater or amphitheater.] 
cayeach (ka-vech'), . [< Sp. Pg. escabeche, 
pickles, souse, sauce for fish.] Pickled mack- 
erel. [West Indian.] 
