celestial 
star at thepoint. Celestial globe, magic, etc. See the 
nouns. Tne Celestial Empire, u common name for 
China, probably due to the Chinese custom of speaking 
of the reigning dynasty MS Tirn-ehao, or Heavenly Dynasty, 
a designation based no doubt on the claim of the founder 
of each successive dynasty to have received the conmiumf 
of Heaven to punish and supersede a line of wicked rulers, 
he and his successors thus becoming Tien-tsu, or Sons of 
Heaven. 
II. n. 1. An inhabitant of heaven. 
The unknown celestial. Pope, Odyssey, i. 16C. 
2. [cap.'] A popular name for a native of China, 
the "Celestial Empire." 
celestialize (se-les'tial-Iz), v. t. [< celestial 
+ -ire.] To make celestial. Guarterlu Jli-i: 
[Rare.] 
celestially (se-les'tial-i), adi: In a celestial 
or heavenly manner. 
celestialness (se-les'tial-nes), n. [< celestial + 
-ness.~\ The quality of being celestial. 
celestifyt (se-les'ti-fi), r. t. [< OF. celestifier, 
make heavenly or divine, < L. ccetestis, heaven- 
ly (see celest), + -ficare, < facere, make: see 
-fy.~\ To communicate something of a heaven- 
ly nature to ; make heavenly. [Rare.] 
Heaven but earth celestif ed, and earth but heaven ter- 
restrifled. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., iv. 13. 
celestina (sel-es-ti'na), . [< L. cteJestinus, 
heavenly: see Celestine.] Same as bifara. 
Celestine (sel'es-tin), n. [< L. Cailestimts, per- 
taining to (.'.irlestiw, a proper name ; lit. heaven- 
ly, < cielcstis: see celestial.] 1. An adherent of 
Pelagianism : so called from Cselestius, one of 
the early supporters of Pelagius. 2. One of 
an order of Benedictine monks, now nearly 
extinct, so named when their founder became 
pope as Celestiue V. in 1294. He was Pietro Ange- 
lener, and was known as Pietro da Murrone, from the 
mountain he inhabited as a hermit, whence the monks 
(organized about 1254) were originally called Murrnnians. 
The brethren rise two hours after midnight to say matins, 
eat no flesh, fast often, and wear a white gown and a black 
capouch and scapular. For several centuries the Celes- 
tines were very numerous and prosperous, especially in 
Italy and France. 
3. A member of an extinct order of Franciscan 
hermits. 
Celestinian (sel-es-tin'i-an), n. Same as Cel- 
estine. 
celestite (seres-tit), n. [< L. ctelestis, of heaven 
(see celest), + -ite*.] In mineral., native stron- 
tium sulphate. It is found in orthorhombic crystals re- 
sembling those of harite in form, also massive and fibrous. 
The color is white, or a delicate blue (whence the name). 
It occurs finely crystallized in Sicily, with native sulphur, 
at many other localities in Europe, and in America on 
Strontian island in Lake Erie, at Lockport in New York, 
etc. Also celestin, cclextine, caelestin, coslestitie. 
celestivet, [ME. celestif, < OF. celestif, ce- 
lestial; as celest + -ive.~\ Celestial. 
Full gladly thay wold I shold use my life 
Here as for to pray our lord celestif 
For thaim and for you in especial!, 
That in paradise he vs do put all. 
Koin. of Partena;/ (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3288. 
Oeleus (sel'e-us), . [NL. (Boie, 1831), < Gr. 
KeteAs, the green woodpecker, ficun vintUs.] A 
genus of South American woodpeckers, con- 
taining such as C. flavus and C. flavesccns of 
Brazil. It gives name to the Celeomorplue. 
celia, n. See ccelia. 
celiac, coeliac (se'li-ak), a. [< L. cceliacus, < 
Gr. Kodiaic6f, < KoMa, the belly, < nottof, hollow.] 
1. Pertaining to the cavity of the abdomen; 
abdominal or ventricular. Now chiefly used in 
the phrase celiac axis. 2. Same as ceelian. 
3. In med., an old term applied, in the phrase 
celiac passion, to a flux or diarrhea Celiac ails. 
See axul. Celiac canal, in erinoids, a continuation of 
the cceloma or body-cavity into the arms, separated by a 
transverse partition from the subtentacular canal, as in 
species of Antedon or Cnmatula. 
celiadelphus, . See ccdiadelphus. 
celiagra, n. See cceliagra. 
celialgia, n. See ccelialgia. 
celian, a. See ceelian. 
celibacy (sel'i-ba-si), n. [< celibate: see -acy.] 
The state of being celibate or unmarried; a 
single life; voluntary abstention from mar- 
riage: as, the celibacy of the clergy. 
[St. Patrick) informs us that his father was a Deacon, 
and his grandfather a Priest a sufficient proof that the 
Celibacy, which Koine now enforces on her Clergy in Ire- 
land, was no part of Ecclesiastical discipline in the age 
and country of Ireland's Apostle. 
Bp. Chr. Wordsworth, Church of Ireland, p. 32. 
A Monk (Ra'hib) must have submitted to a long trial of 
his patience and piety, and made a vow of celibacy, before 
his admission into the monastic order. 
E. W. Lane, Modern Egyptians, II. 316. 
No part of the old system had been more detested by 
the Reformers than the honours paid to celibacy. 
Macaitlay. 
celibatarian! (seFi-ba-ta'ri-an), n. [< celibate 
+ -arian.] Same as celibate j 2. 
878 
cell 
Celibate (sel'i-bat), n. and a. [= F. celibat = If a single cell, under appropriate conditions, becomes 
The forced celibate of the English clergy. H. Spencer, Prin. of Biol., 118. 
Bp. Hall, Honour of Married Clergy, p. 312. However complicated one of the higher animals or plants 
He ... preferreth holy celibate before the estate of may lie > il begins its separate existence under the form of 
marriage. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 273. a " u eated cell. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 19. 
2. One who adheres to or practises celibacy; ( c ) In Polygoa, one of the cases or cups of the 
a bachelor, especially a confirmed bachelor. ectocyst or exoskeleton of a polyzoarium, con- 
II. a. Unmarried; single: as, a celibate lif e taining an individual zooid or polypid. See cuts 
celibate (sel'i-bat), v. i. ; pret. and pp. celibated, under Plumatella and Polyzoa.Q. In anat. and 
ppr. celibating. [< celibate, w.j To lead a single ^oo'- , some little cavity, compartment, camera, 
life. Fortnightly Rev. or hollow place ; a cella or cellula ; a vesicle ; a 
< L. ccelebs, ceelebs, a bachelor, 4- -i-an.] Un- ments, not form-elements) of cellular or con- 
married; celibate. [Rare.] 
celidography (sel-i-dog'ra-fi), . [< Gr. 
' 
nective tissue ; the cells, or cancelli, of the re- 
ticulated structure of an insect's wing (that is, 
(/o//,S-), a spot, + --j'pa^ia',\ ypafyeiv, write.] A * ne spaces between the nervures or veins) ; the 
description of the spots on the disk of the sun cells of a f oraminiferous or radiolarian shell ; 
or on planets. the cells (ventricles, cavities) of the brain ; spe- 
celine, a. See cceline. cifically, in entom., the basal inclosed space of 
cell (sel), n. [< ME. celle, selle = D. eel = G. tile win S of a lepidopterous insect, bounded 
celle, selle = Dan. celle = Sw. cell, < OF. celle ty tlle subcostal and median veins, which are 
mod. F. celle = Pr. cella = Sp. celda = Pg. cella Joined exteriorly. 7. A division of the brain 
= It. cella, < L. cella, a small room, a hut, barn, as the seat or abode of a particular faculty. 
granary (NL., in anatomy, biology, etc., a cell), [Poetical.] 
= AS. heall, E. hall, a room, house, etc., = Gr. 
na/ia, a hut, barn, granary, = Skt. kal, gala, a 
hut, house, room, stable (cf. qarana, a shed, 
hut, as adj. protecting), and related to L. celare 
= AS. helan, cover, conceal, = Skt. "far. *qal, 
cover, protect: see hall, helei, hole, and con- 8. In elect., a single jar or element of a voltaic 
ceal.] 1. A small or close apartment, as in a battery. A simple cell ordinarily consists of plates of 
two different metals joined by a wire and immersed in a 
liquid (called the exciting liquid) which acts chemically 
upon one plate ; this, the positive or generating plate, at 
the expense of whicli the electrical current is maintained, 
is usually zinc ; the negative plate is often copper, but may 
Manye [mania] 
Engendered of humour malencolyk 
Byforen in his selle fantastyk. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 518. 
Mine eyes he closed, but open left the cell 
Of fancy, my internal sight. Milton, P.L.,viii.469. 
convent or a prison. 
It was more dark and lone that vault, 
Than the worst dungeon cell. 
Scott, Marmion, ii. 17. 
2. A small or mean place of residence, such as be platinum, carbon, silver, efc. The excitiiig'iiquidTs "com- 
a cave or hermitage ; a hut. 
Then did religion in a lazy cell, 
In empty airy contemplations dwell. 
Sir ./. Dtnhant. 
In cottages and lowly cells 
True piety neglected dwells. 
Somentille, Epitaph upon H. Lumber. 
3. In eccles. hist., a dependent religious house 
founded on the estate of an abbey under the 
jurisdiction of the abbot of the mother church. 
About the middle of the eleventh century, owing to the 
creation of a new dignitary (the prior, in the abbey of 
ClttDY), such establishments received the designation of 
prime*. Walcott, Sacred Arelueology. 
Tli is lord was kepere of the selle. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 172. 
A place called Woodkirk, where there was a cell of Aus- 
tin Friars, in dependance on the great house of St. Oswald 
at Nostel. A. W. Ward, Eng. Dram. Lit., I. 35. 
4. In arch. See cella, 1. 5. In biol. : (a) The 
fundamental form-element of every organized 
monly dilute sulphuric acid, but solutions of sal ammoniac, 
common salt, etc. , are also used. The current flows through 
the liquid from the positive plate (zinc) to the copper, and 
through the wire from the positive pole to the negative 
pole. (See figure.) 
The current from 
a simple voltaic 
cell soon loses its 
strength, because 
hydrogen bubbles, 
liberated in the 
chemical action on 
the negative plate, 
form a film over it. 
This polarization 
of the negative 
plate (see polariza- 
tion) may be par- 
tially avoided by 
mechanical means 
in a single-fluid cell, 
by using platinum, 
or silver covered 
with finely divided 
platinum, as in the 
Simple Voltaic Cell. 
C, copper plate ; Z, zinc plate. 
""" every organized c. copper plate ; z. zinc plate. platinum, as in the 
body. It is a hioplastic mass of protoplasm, varying in Saut cell, or plati- 
size and shape, generally of microscopic dimensions, capa- mzed ca n , a 8 "> the B alter cell. It is more effectually 
ble under proper conditions of performing the functions prevented in a two-flmd cell by the addition of a second 
of sensation, nutrition, reproduction, and automatic or 
spontaneous motion, and constituting in itself an entire 
organism, or being capable of entering into the structure 
of one. Such a cell as a rule has a nucleus, and is usually 
also provided with awall or definite boundary ; but neither 
cell-nucleus nor cell-wall necessarily enters into its struc- 
p 
liquid (the depolarizing liquid), with which the hydrogen 
combines chemically. In the Grenet cell, or bottle-cell, bi- 
chromate of potash is mixed with the sulphuric acid (being 
hence called a. bichromate cell) in a vessel of bottle form and 
the zinc and carbon are immersed in them ; the zinc, how. 
ever, is raised out of the liquid when the cell is not in use. 
ture. In ultimate morphological analysis all organized J'rxsticaUy, the depolarizing liquid is usually separated 
tissue is resolvable into cells or cell-products See vroto- , m the excitin g liquid, as in the compound cell. One of 
plasm, and cell theory, below. ( ) Snecificallv arm the best of these is 
cleated capsu.ated fo^XS*^'^^ SffiftfiSfi 
ture or tissue; one of the independent proto- immersed in dilute 
plasmic bodies which build up an animal fab- 8llI P nuric acid con- 
tained in a porous ves- 
sel, outside of which 
<f^j=^ // / J^ is a perforated copper 
Vl#O> c-JL^Ma! ^^. Plate surrounded by 
, . J^m a solution of copper 
sulphate. The action 
is as follows : The re- 
action between the 
zinc and sulphuric 
acid produces zinc 
sulphate and hydro- 
gen; the latter, how- 
ever, instead of col- 
lecting on the copper 
plate, unites with 
the copper sulphate, 
forming sulphuric 
Cells. 
A, a few cells from the chorda dorsalis of the lamprey : a, cell-wall : 
, cell-contents; c, nucleus; rf, micleolus. S. multipolar nerve-cell 
fwith many processes) from human spinal cord : c, nucleus and nu- 
cleplus. C.an oval nerve-cell. D, cartilage-cell. E, hepatic or liver 
cells, ^, pigmentary cell, from skin of frog. (All magnified.) 
Daniell Cell 
z lia<: late . f vesse , c 
copper plate ; R, receptacle for crystals 
acid and metallic cop- of copper sulphate. 
per. The former goes 
to keep up the supply of acid in the inner vessel, and the 
latter is deposited on the copper plate. The consumption 
f, 'JjC i*-fi*!M*- ^^^^^ e ^^^^^^ 
,.-,11 o^ !! i t. At '" " recepiacie at, me top. A modined lorm ol t lie Dan ell 
wall, and cell-nucleus : as, bone-cc Ih, cartilage- cell is the gravity cell, in which the porous vessel is done 
, 
technical anatomical sense of the word. 
. - 
pound cell are the Grove, in which platinum and nitric 
