Gravity Cell. 
C, copper plate ; Z, zinc plate. 
cell 
acid take the place of the copper and copper sulphate of 
the Daniell ; the liuiiirn, which is like the (irove except in 
the use nf carbon 
instead nf plati- 
num; and there 
are nmny others. 
f\\e Lrclaitctt' > //, 
much used in con- 
nection witli dec. 
trie call-bells (as 
also With tile 1< l> 
ph.irjr), consists of 
a rod of zinc 1m- 
mersed in a solu- 
tion of sal ammo- 
Iliac, ami H plate 
of carbon, some- 
times, though 
not necessarily, in 
a separate por- 
ous vessel packed 
about with pow- 
tiered manganese 
dioxid and carbon. 
This cell rapidly 
heroines polar- 
i/cd, bin if left to 
itself soon regains 
its strength, and hence is especially valuable for inter 
mittent u>e ; it lias also the advantage that there is no 
waste of the zinc by local action when not in use. The 
niliri--i'hloriil rrtl , us' devised by l>e la Hue, consists of zinc 
acted upon by nal ammoniac and a roil of silver surround- 
ed by a cylinder of silver chlorid. The I.iitiitier-Cltirk 
standnnl a'tt consists of zinc and pure mercury separated 
by a paste made from sulphates of zinc and mercury; 
when suitably arranged it maintains a very constant elec- 
tromotive force, and hence has been used as a standard. 
9. A structure of wrought-iron, consisting 
usually of four plates riveted to angle-irons. 
10. A small frame or box employed to 
hold or inclose a microscopic object. Adelo- 
morphOUS cells. Same as jiritmiial erlln.- Alar cells. 
See alar. Amoeboid cell, amoeblfprm cell, a cell 
which has no determinate form, or which is capable of 
executing amrcboid movements, and so of changing its 
form, and even of moving about, like an amwba. Cor- 
puscles of chyle and lymph are of this character ; so like- 
wise are the white corpuscles of the blood. Antipo- 
dal cells, tiee antipodal. Apical cell. See apical - 
Beaker-cells. Same as yoUel-cells. Beale's ganglion- 
cells, the bipolar cells of the abdominal sympathetic 
nerve of the frog, in which one process is coiled spirally 
around the other. Cell family, a row or group of uni- 
cellular plants which have originated from a parent cell 
and still remain attached ; a colony. Cells of Purklnje, 
large branching cells In the cerebellar cortex. Cell theo- 
ry, the doctrine that the bodies of all animals and plants 
consist either of a cell or of a number of cells and their 
products, and that all cells proceed from cells, as expressed 
in the phrase otiinis cellula e cfllula: a doctrine fore- 
shadowed by Kaspar t'riedrich Wolff, who died in 1794, 
and by Karl Ernst von Baer (born 1792) ; it was established 
in botany by Schleiden in 1838, and in zoology byTheodor 
Schwann atmut 1839. Its complete form, including the 
ovum as a simple cell also, is the basis of the present state 
of the biological sciences. Chalice-cells. Same as ffoblet- 
cells. Collared cell, a cell one end of which has a raised 
rim or iKmler, like a collar, as that of a collar-bearing mo- 
nad, or choanottngellate infusorian. Condemned cell. 
See conilfmnt'il. Daughter-cell. See 'mother-cell, l>elow. 
Deiters's cells, certain cells intimately connected with 
the external hair-cells of the cochlea ; also, the cells of the 
neuroglia : sometimes applied to the large cells of the an- 
terior cornua of the spinal cord, which give off Deiters's 
processes. Named from Deiters, a German anatomist 
(1834-03). Electrolytic cell, a name sometimes given to 
the vessel in which a liquid is placed for electrolysis. 
Flagellate cell, a cell with only one flagellum. Gob- 
let-cells, columnar epithelial cells in which the free end 
is distended with mncin, so that the cell presents the 
form of a goblet. Also called chalice.- or beaker-cells. 
Granule-cell. See wannfe. Gustatory cells. See 
(imtatori/. Hair-cells, in anat., cells having on their 
upper surfaces very fine hair-like processes, lying on the 
outer (external hair-cells) or inner (internal hair-cells) side 
of the rods of Corti (which see, under rod). Indifferent 
cells or tissues, cells or tissues not differentiated into 
any of the definite permanent forms.- - Langerhang" cell, 
a certain peculiar structure embedded in tne epithelium, 
in which the nerve-fibers terminate. Latticed cells. See 
cambiform. Mother-cell, a cell which multiplies itself 
by the division of its protoplasmic contents and the secre- 
tion of a wall 
of cellulose _ ' E c 
about each por- 
tion. The new 
cells are called 
daughter - r?Hx. 
- Peaucellier 
cell, in itifctt., 
a plane linkage 
discovered by 
Lieut. Peaucel- 
lier in 1864, 
which first solv- 
ed the celebrat- 
ed problem of 
parallel mo- 
tion. It is com- 
posed of two 
long links of 
equal length, 
pivoted toge- 
ther at one end 
and at the other 
pivoted to the 
opposite angles 
of a rhombua 
879 
Vor use, the junction, A, of the two long links is fixed in 
lisition, and an extra link, HC, is attached to the angle of 
the rhombus iieun-^t to .-1. Tin- other end, II, of the extra 
link is llxed in position, usually at a distann- from .1 <-MI;I! 
to BC. In this case, when !;(' turns alxmt 11 as a renter, 
the vertex, E, of tin- rhombus most distant from A will 
'!' -'lilie a right line. The production of this effect b> 
link-work alone hud lieen much -ou^ht after since the in- 
vention of the itMun-enginA. Principal cells, the een 
li ;il cells of the cardiac glands of the stomach. Also called 
ii'l''/i>int,i-f>l,<'ii.,- ,-//.!. Selenium cell. See resistance and 
jifiiitiiji/iiini'. 
Cell (Mel ), r. t. [< erlf, n .] To shut up in a cell ; 
place in a cell. [Rare.] 
Myself a recluse from the world 
And crlleil underground. 
H'in-ii''r. Albion'-, England, vii. 
cella (serji), w. ; pi. critic (-e). [L. : see <rH, H.] 
1. The room or chamber which formed the 
nucleus of an an- 
cient Greek or Ko- 
man temple and con- 
tained the image of 
the deity, as distin- 
guished from the 
additional rooms, 
porticos, etc., often 
combined with the 
cella to form the 
complete temple. 
The word is now often 
applied to the corre- 
Cellepora 
2. Room or storage in a cellar. 3. A charge 
lor Mm-;t<.'<- in a cellar. 
cellar-book (sel'iir-buk), . A book containing 
details regaining the wines or other liquors re- 
ccivcil into and given out from a wine-cellar; 
a book kept by a butler showing the general 
state of the wine-cellar. 
n account, and over- 
Thadcrra;/. 
cellarer (sol'jir-t'T), . [< ME. <r/mr, cclcrere, 
< Oh', rrlrrii'i'. F. rrlli'rii-r I'r. rrllliruT = 
(('.it. i-Hli ri-r= Sji. rillirrro = Pg. rrllrrriro, 
i'i Hi iri'irn= It. rrllrrujo, rillt riirni (ML. rrllin mx. 
Hi-n- In- rhi-rkn! tin- h< iMsrk 
auli'd the Ijiitli-r'* n-lliir-luiok. 
Plan of the Parthenon. 
A, cella ; /', opisthodomus (or Par- 
thenon) ; C, pronaos: D, epinaos (or 
opistbodonuis ) : /:, site of the statue 
of Attictia. 
PeauceHier Cell. 
four equal and 
shorter links. 
CD, DK, F.F. fC, AF, AI>, BC, are stiff bars 
jointed at A t C, D, /:, f. A and B are fined in 
i >f iKtsilion at a distance equal to PC, and there is 
a pencil at E. AsCturnsahout K, describing the 
arc cCf', the point K describes the right line 
tEe'; c4ffa.nA c'cfe'f are two positions of CDEF. 
sponding part of the tem- 
ples of other peoples, 
as of the ancient Egyp- 
tians. Also cell. 
The next class of tem- 
ples, called pseudo-pe- 
ripteral (or those in 
which the cella occupies 
the whole of the after 
part), are generally more 
modern, certainly more 
completely Roman, than 
these last. 
Fergu8#on, Hist. Archi- 
tecture, I. 307. 
The front of the cella 
includes a small open 
peristyle. 
H. Tat/lor, Lands of the 
[Saracen, p. 296. 
2. [NL.] In aim/., 
hiol., and ziuil., a 
cell; a cellula. [Rare.] 3. A hole or hollow 
formed at the foot of a waterfall or rapid by the 
continued action of the water. [Canadian.] 
Cella media, in anat., the central part of the lateral 
ventricles of the brain, from which the cornua proceed, 
cellaeform (sel'e-f6nn), a. [Prop, eelliform, < 
NL. cella, a cell, + L. forma, shape.] Of the 
form of a cell ; like a cell in aspect, but not of 
the morphological nature of a cell. 
In the layer of protoplasm from which the pseudopodia 
proceed, cellce.fonn (todies of a bright yellow colour, which 
have been found to contain starch, are usually developed. 
Ilvxley, Anat. Invert., p. 85. 
cell-animal (sel'an"i-mal), n. A cell as an in- 
dividual animal or organism ; an animal that 
is a single cell, or a number of cells not histo- 
logically differentiated. 
cellar 1 (sel'jir), 11. [Early mod. E. celier, < ME. 
ffller, celer, < OF. celier, F. cellicr = Pr. celier 
= Cat. celier = Pg. eelleiro = It. celliere = D. 
kelder = OHG. cliellari, MHG. kelre, keller, G. 
krller = Icel. kiallari = Sw. kallare = Dan. 
kja'lder, < L. cellariuiii, a pantry, prop. neut. of 
cdlarius, pertaining to a cell, < cella : see cell, 
n. In the comp. saltcellar, q. v., -cellar is of 
different origin.] 1. A room under a house or 
other building, either wholly or partly under 
ground, not adapted for habitation, but for the 
storage of provisions, wine, lumber, fuel, etc. 
In some of the overcrowded parts of large towns, how- 
ever, cellars are converted into habitations for people of 
the poorest classes. 
By nyste sette it in a soft cleer eir, or ellis in a coold 
seler. Book ofQuinte. Essence, (ed. Furnivall), p. 8. 
She's brought them down to yon cellar, 
She brought them fifty steps and three. 
The Kninht'f Ghost (Child's Ballads, I. 211). 
2f. A receptacle or case for bottles. 
Run for the cellar of strong waters quickly. 
B. Jonson, Magnetick Lady, iii. 1. 
His wife afterwards did take me into my closet, and give 
me a cellar of waters of her own distilling. 
Pepyg, Diary, April 1, 1668. 
cellar 2 (sel'ar), a. [< L. cellarim, pertaining to 
a cell : see cellar^.] Of or pertaining to a cell ; 
cellular: as, cellar walls. [Rare.] 
cellar 3 *, See celure. 
cellarage (sel'Sr-aj), . [< cellar* + -age.] 1. 
The space occupied by a cellar or cellars; a 
cellar or cellars collectively. 
Come on you hear this fellow in the cellarage- 
Consent to swear. Shak., Hamlet, i. 5. 
iriits), < \t, i-illiir/iriiiK, ;i sti'Wiinl, butler, 
< rrllariitm, a pantry : SCT a //)'.] 1. Anofficer 
in a monastery wlio has the can 1 of I lie cellar, or 
the charge of procuring and keeping the pro- 
visions ; also, an officer in a chapter who has. 
the care of the temporals, and particularly of 
the distribution of bread, wine, and money to 
canons on account of their attendance in the 
choir. 
The rtttuftr was a sly old fellow with :i thin grey hcanl, 
and looked as if he could tell a good story of an evening 
over tlagon of good wine. 
R. Curzon, Monast. In the Levant, p. 347. 
2. Same as crllurmau. 3. One who keeps 
wino- or spirit-cellars; a spirit-dealer or wine- 
merchant. 
A 1-0 cfllarist. 
cellaret (sel'ar-et), n. [< cellar^ + dim. -.] 
A case for holding bottles or decanters, as of 
wine, cordials, etc., sometimes also several 
liqueur-glasses. 
cellar-flap (sel'ar-nap), H. A wooden lifting 
door covering tne descent to a cellar. [U. S. ] 
Cellaria (se-la'ri-a), n. [NL., fern, of L. cella- 
riiiH, < cella, a chamber, cell : see cell, n.] The 
typical genus of the family Cellariitlte. 
Cellariidae (sel-a-ri'i-de), *. pi. [NL.,< Cella- 
riti + -iVte.] A family of g)Tnnolseinatous chi- 
lostoraatous polyzoans, typified by the genus 
Cvlliiria. Also Cellariada;. 
cellaring (sel'jii'-ing), . [< cellar 1 + -ing 1 .'] 1. 
A range or system of cellars; cellarage. 
Ah ! how blessed should I be to live with yon In a re- 
tired anil peaceful cottage, situated in a delightful sport- 
ing country, with attached and detached offices, roomy 
cellaring, and commodious attics. 
Morton, Secrete worth Knowing, iii. 4. 
2. The act or practice of storing goods in cel- 
lars. 
cellarino (It. pron. chel-lii-re'no), n. [It.] In 
the Roman or Renaissance Tuscan and Doric 
orders of architecture, the neck or necking be- 
neath the ovolo of the capital. 
cellarist (sel'ar-ist), w. [(cellar! + -igt.] Same 
as cellarer. 
cellarman (sel'ar-man), n.; pi. cellarmen (-men). 
A person employed in a wine-cellar; a butler; 
also, a spirit-dealer or wine-merchant. Also 
called cellarer. 
cellarous (sel'ar-us), a. [< cellar! + -ous.] Be- 
longing to or connected with a cellar; subter- 
ranean; excavated. [Rare.] 
Certain cellaroux stej)s. 
Dickenx, Uncommercial Traveller, ix. 
cellar-rat (sel'ar -rat), n. A contemptuous 
name for a custom-house officer employed in 
looking after the storage of imported goods. 
There was to be a standing army kept up in time of peace : 
custom-house officers, tide-waiters, and cellar-rate. 
J. B. lIcMiMter, People of the United States, I. 461. 
cellar-snail (sel'ar-snal), . Aland-snail, 
Hyalina cellaria, of the family Vitrinidm and 
subfamily Zonitina', having a small, depressed, 
polished shell : so called from being found in 
cellars. It is a European species which has been intro- 
duced into the United States, and is common in the Atlan- 
tic seaport towns. 
cell-capsule (sel'kap'sul), . A thick cell-wall 
or readily separable cell-membrane. 
When such membranes attain a certain degree of thick- 
ness and independence as regards the body of the cell, 
they are known as cell-capsule*. 
Frry, Histol. and Histo-chem. (trans.), p. 83. 
celled (seld), a. [< cell + -ed 2 .] Having a cell 
or cells; composed of a cell or cells; cellular: 
used separately or in compounds: as, a celled 
organ ; one-celled ; many-celled. 
cell-enamel (sel'e-nam'el), n. Cloisonn6 en- 
amel. [Rare.] 
Cellepora (se-lep'o-ra), . [NL., better Celli- 
pura, < NL. cella, a cell, + L. ponts, a passage : 
see pore.] The typical genus of polyzoans of 
the family Celtenorida', having a median avicu- 
hirimn behind the posterior lip of the mouth of 
the cell. Also Cellipora. 
