Celleporidae 
Celleporidae (sel-e-por'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < 
1'illrpora + -id(c.] A family of chilostomatous 
polyzoans with zoceoia urceolate, erect or sub- 
erect, irregularly heaped together, and often 
forming several superimposed layers. 
Oelleporina (sel"e-po-ri'na), . pi. [NL., < 
Cellepora + -iiufl.] A superfamily group of 
chilostomatous polyzoans, having the zooecium 
calcareous, rhomboid or oval, and a terminal 
mouth. It contains the families Celleporidce 
and Reteporidic. Clans. 
cellerH, An obsolete spelling of cellar*. 
celler 2 t, See celurc. 
cellerert (sel'er-er), n. Older form of cellarer. 
celliferous (se-lit"e-rus), a. [< NL. cella, a 
cell, + L. ferrc, = . bear 1 , + -CMS.] Bearing 
or producing cells. 
celliform (sel'i-form), a. [< NL. cella, a cell, 
+ L. forma, shape.] Having the form but not 
the morphological nature of a cell. 
Cellipora (se-lip'o-ra), n. [NL.] Same as Cel- 
lepofii. 
cellist (chel'ist), n. An abbreviated form of 
violoncellist: often written 'cellist. 
Cellite (sel'it), n. [F. Cellite = Sp. Celito, < 
ML. Cellitce, pi., < L. cella, a cell.] Same as 
Lollard, 1. 
cell-membrane (sermem"bran), n. In biol., 
the investing membrane or wall of a cell. 
A distinct, independent pellicle, separable from the cell- 
body, and known as the cell-membrane. 
Frey, Histol. and Histo-chem. (trans.), p. 64. 
cell-mouth (sel'mouth), n. The oral opening 
of a unicellular animal ; a cytpstome. 
cello (chel'6), n. An abbreviation of violoncello: 
often written 'cello. 
cell-parasite (sel'par'a-sit), n. An extremely 
minute parasite which lives within a single cell 
of the tissues of its host, as a coccidium. 
cell-parasitism (serpar"a-si-tizm), n. Intra- 
cellular parasitism ; parasitic life within a cell. 
cell-sap (sel'sap), n. Fluid or semi-fluid cell- 
substance ; fluidic protoplasm. 
cell-substance (sel'suVstans), . The con- 
tents of a cell; the general protoplasm com- 
posing the body of a cell. 
cellula (sel 'u -la), .; pi. cellula; (-16). [NL. 
use of L. cellula, a small storeroom, dim. of 
cella, a cell, storeroom : see cell, n.] A little 
cell ; a cellule. 
cellular (sel'u-lar), a. and . [< F. cellulaire = 
Sp. cehilar =' Pg. cellular = It. cellulare, < NL. 
ceHularis, < L. (NL.) cellula : see cellula, cell."] 
I. a. Consisting of, con- 
taining, or resembling 
cells ; pertaining to a cell 
or to cells: as, cellular 
structure; a cellular ap- 
pearance. 
A very good example of such 
a cellular parenchyma is to be 
found in the substance known 
as Rice-paper. 
W. B. Carpenter, Micros., % 351. 
Cellular beam. See beam. 
Cellular cartilage. See car- 
tilage.-- Cellular system, in 
bot. t that portion of the struc- 
ture of plants which is com- 
posed of fundamental cellular 
tissue, or parenchyma, in distinction from the tibrovascu- 
lar and epidermal systems. Cellular theory. Same as 
cell theory (which see, under cell). Cellular tissue, in 
plants, parenchyma (which see). Cellular tissue, cel- 
lular membrane, in animals, areolar tissue (which see, 
under areolar). See cfll and tig/tue. 
II. n. In 60 1., a plant having no spiral ves- 
sels. Lindley. 
Cellulares (sel-u-la'rez), . pi. [NL., pi. of 
cellttlaris: see cellular.] In De Candolle's sys- 
tem of classification, a name given to that di- 
vision of the vegetable kingdom more usually 
called Cryptoi/amia, including plants which are 
formed wholly or chiefly of cellular tissue. 
Strictly limited, it should include only the 
mosses, Hepatica;, and lower cryptogams. 
Cellularia (sel-u-la'ri-a), n. pi. [NL. (Cuvier), 
neut. pi. of cellularis, cellular : see cellular.] 
1 . In Cuvier's system of classification, the sec- 
ond family of the Corallifera, defined as having 
each polyp adhering to a horny or calcareous 
cell with thin walls, and no apparent connec- 
tion with one another except by a very thin 
epidermis or by pores in the walls of the cells. 
[Not in use.] 2. [Used as a singular.] The 
typical and only genus of the family Cellulari- 
idai. C. peachi is an example. 
Cellulariidae (sel'u-la-ii'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Cellularia, 2, + -idee.'] A family of chilosto- 
matous polyzoans, typified by the genus Cellu- 
Cellular Structure. 
Section of Leaf of the Apple. 
aa, epidermal cells; t>, pali- 
sade cells ', c, spongy paren- 
chyma : b, c, cellular tissue of 
the leaf. 
880 
Ifiria. The polyzoary is erect, jointed, phytoid, dichoto- 
mously branched, with zoiccia alternate and all facing the 
same way, the apertures large, oval, and membranous, and 
the avicularia, when present, sessile, and either lateral or 
anterior. Also Celtularulae, Celltilariadce. 
Cellularina (sel"u-la-ri'na), n. pi. [NL., < 
Cellularia, 2, + -ina 2 . ] A superfamily group of 
chilostomatous polyzoans, having the zoo3cmm 
corneous and infuudibulate. It contains the 
families sEteida?, Cellulariidai, and Bicellariida:. 
cellulated (sel'u-la-ted), a. [< cellula + -ate 2 
+ -erf 2 .] Having a cellular structure. 
cellule (sel'ul), n. [= F. cellule = It. cellula, < 
L. (NL.) cellula: see cellula.] A little cell. 
Specifically (a) In entinn., one of the little spaces, sur- 
rounded by veins, on the wing of an insect, especially of 
the Neuroptera and Pticudomuroptera. (b) In bot. t one 
of the cells which constitute the areolar structure of a 
moss, or of a leaf or similar vegetable organ. 
Cellulicolae (sel-u-lik'o-le), n. ill. [NL., < cel- 
lula, q. v., + L. colcre, inhabit: see cult.] A 
group of spiders, of the order Pulmonaria, which 
form their nests in slits beneath the bark of 
trees, in the cavities of stones and rocks, or in 
burrows in the ground. [Not in use.] 
Oellulifera (sel-u-lif 'e-rS), n.pl. [NL., neut. pi. 
of cellulifcrus : see cclluliferous.] A systematic 
name of the polyzoans or moss-animalcules. 
celluliferous (sel-u-lif'e-rus), a. [= F. cellu- 
lifere, < NL. cellutiferus, < cellula, q. y., + L. 
ferre = E. bear 1 ,] Bearing or producing little 
cells ; specifically, of or pertaining to the Cellu- 
lifera. 
celluline (sel'u-lin), . and a. [< cellula + 
-8H 2 .] Same as cellulose 2 . 
cellulitis (sel-u-H'tis), n. [NL., < cellula, q. v., 
+ -itis.] In pathol., inflammation of cellular or 
connective tissue, especially in its looser forms. 
celluloid (sel'u-loid), n. [< cellul(ose^) + -old.] 
A substance made of guncotton, camphor, and 
some other ingredients, imitating ivory, or, 
when colored, tortoise-shell, coral, amber, mal- 
achite, etc. Many articles, useful and orna- 
mental, are manufactured from it. 
cellulose 1 (sel'u-los), a. [< NL. as if 'cellulo- 
Him, < cellula, q. v.] Containing cells. 
cellulose' 2 (sel'u-los), . and . [< cellula + 
-osc.] I. n. In' hot., the essential constituent 
of the primary wall-membrane of all cells, a 
secretion from the contained protoplasm, isom- 
erous with starch in its composition, and al- 
lied to starch, sugar, and inulin. It rarely or never 
exists in a simple condition unmixed with coloring or 
mineral matters, etc. ; and with age it becomes largely 
transformed into ligniu, suberin, or mucilage. Cotton 
and the bleached fiber of flax and hemp are nearly pure 
cellulose, and in some filter-paper it is almost chemically 
pure. Cellulose is remarkable for its insolubility, being 
dissolved without change only by an ammoniacal solu- 
tion of oxid of copper, from which it may be again pre- 
cipitated. Under the action of concentrated or boiling 
acids, or of caustic alkalis, many different products are 
obtained, according to the method of treatment. It is 
changed to glucose by long boiling with dilute sulphuric 
or hydrochloric acid ; a substance resembling parchment 
is obtained by treating unsized paper with cold sulphu- 
ric acid ; strong nitric acid, or a mixture of nitric and 
sulphuric acids, converts forms of cellulose into guncot- 
ton, etc. In its unchanged condition it is not colored by 
iodine except usually with a faint yellowish tint, which 
becomes a bright blue on the addition of strong sulphuric 
acid. Cellulose is also said to exist in the tunics of Ascidia 
and in other invertebrates. Starch-cellulose, the deli- 
cate skeleton of cellulose which remains when starch- 
granules are dissolved in saliva or pepsin. 
II. a. Formed of cellulose. 
cellulosic (sel-u-16'sik), a. [< cellulose 2 + -if.] 
Of or relating to cellulose ; produced by or made 
of cellulose: as, " cellulosic fermentation," Nine- 
teenth Century, 
celort, " Same as celure. 
Celosia (se-16'si-a), n. [NL., < Or. x^Aeof, burn- 
ing, later KJ/AOC, dry, < naieiv, burn ; from the 
burned appearance of 
the flowers of some 
species.] A genus of 
plants, natural order 
Amarantacece, for the 
most part tropical. 
The cockscomb common in 
cultivation is C. cristata ; 
but the cultivated form of 
this plant, with a broad 
flattened stem and a ter- 
minal crest, is very unlike 
its natural condition, be- 
ing a monstrosity formed 
by the union or fasciation 
of the branches. 
celostomy (se-los'to- 
mi), n. [< Gr. itotin- 
oropla, < Ko^oc, hollow Cockscomb , Celosia crislata >. 
(see ceil, n.), + OTO/M, 
the mouth.] The act of speaking with a hol- 
low voice. 
Celticism 
celotomy (se-lot'6-mi), . [= F. celotomie = 
Sp. celotomi'a, < Orr. njAarofiia, < Krff.ri, a tumor, 
+ -Tojj.ia, < TE/tvetv (/ *ra/t), cut.] In surq. : (a) 
The operation of cutting the constriction in 
strangulated hernia. (6) An operation former- 
ly employed for the radical cure of inguinal her- 
nia, (f) Castration. 
celsitudet (sel'si-tud), n. [ME. celcitnde, < OF. 
ei'lxittide = Sp. celsitud = Pg. celsitude = It. celsi- 
tudine, < L. celsitudo (-titdin-), a lofty bearing, 
later a title equiv. to ' Highness,' < cel-sus, raised 
high, lofty, pp. of *cellere, rise high, in cpmp. 
excellere, etc. : see excel, excelsior.] 1. Height; 
elevation; altitude. 2. Highness; excellency: 
sometimes used humorously. 
Honor to the . . . and to thy celcitucte. 
Court of Love, 1. 611. 
In most lamentable forme complaineth to your . . . cel- 
situde, your distressed orators. Mansion, The Fawne, v. 
Celsius thermometer. Same as centigrade ther- 
mometer (which see, under centigrade). 
Celt 1 , Kelt (selt, kelt), . [F. Celte = Sp. Pg. 
It. Celta, usually in pi., < L. Celta:, pi., sing. 
*Celta, < Gr. Ktf.rai (sing.* Kt/lr(?f), earlier KeXroi' 
(sing. *Kf/rof), a name at first vaguely applied 
to a Western people, afterward the regular des- 
ignation of the Celtic race. Origin unknown ; 
perhaps akin to the equiv. L. Galli, the 'Gauls,' 
and to the Celtic Gael, q. v. The W. Celtiad 
(as if 'a dweller in coverts,' < celt, a covert, 
shelter, < celu, hide, conceal, < L. celare, hide: 
see cell and conceal), a Celt, Gael. Ceiltich and 
Coilltich, pi., Celts, are prob. due to the L. CelUe. 
The reg. Eng. spelling is Celt and the reg. Eng. 
pron. selt ; but the spelling Kelt, after G. Kelt, 
Gr. Kf/ra/, W. Celtiad (pron. kel'ti-ad), is pre- 
ferred by some recent writers.] A member of 
one of the peoples speaking languages akin to 
those of Wales, Ireland, the Highlands of Scot- 
laud, and Brittany, and constituting a branch 
or principal division of the Indo-European fam- 
ily. Formerly these peoples occupied, partly or wholly, 
France, Spain, northern Italy, the western parto of Ger- 
many, and the British islands. Of the remaining Celtic 
languages and peoples there are two chief divisions, viz., 
the Gadhelic, comprising the Highlanders of Scotland, the 
Irish, and the Manx, and the Cymric, comprising the 
Welsh and Bretons ; the Cornitth, of Cornwall, related to 
the latter, is only recently extinct. 
celt 2 (selt), >i. [< W. cellt, a flintstone.] In 
archceol., an implement or weapon widely used 
among primitive and uncivilized 
races, and having the general 
form of a chisel or an ax-blade. 
In the eighteenth century the name was 
given to the stone and bronze imple- 
ments of thia general shape, without 
careful consideration of their proba- 
ble uses. The stone celts are all of a 
form more or less closely resembling 
the head of a hatchet, differing only in 
Ixjing sometimes flatter and with a 
longer cutting edge, sometimes of a 
section nearly circular, pointed at one Celts, 
end, and coming abruptly to an edge 
at the other. The bronze celU, the forms of which are 
very varied, may be divided into three principal classes : 
First, chisel-shaped blades without sockets, but with raised 
rims on each side forming a pair of grooves, apparent- 
ly intended to retain a wooden handle fitted on in the di- 
rection of the length of the blade ; these may be consid- 
ered as spades intended for agricultural labor. Second, 
chisel-shaped blades, having a deep socket at the end op- 
posite the cutting edge, and usually fitted with a loop or 
pierced ear on one side. Third, blades, also with a socket, 
but shelter and broader -, these, which have often been 
called ax-heads, are thought rather to be ferrules for the 
butt-end of spear-shafts and the like, the edge enabling 
them to be driven into the ground. See amgarn, paal- 
tab, pot-celt, and socket-celt, 
Celtiberian (sel-ti-be'ri-an), a. and n. [< L. 
Celtiberi (Gr. Ke/W/fypef), the inhabitants of 
Celtiberia, < Celta;, the Celts, 4- Iberi, the Ibe- 
rians, the supposed original inhabitants of 
Spain.] I. a. Pertaining to Celtiberia and its 
inhabitants, the Celtiberi, an ancient people 
of Spain formed by a union of Celts and Ibe- 
rians. 
II. n. A member of the dominant race of 
ancient Celtiberia, a region in central Spain. 
Celtic, Keltic (sel'-, kel'tik), a. and . [< L. 
Celticus (Gr. Kt Araof ), < Celtce, Gr. Kefoai : see 
Celfl.] I, a. Pertaining to the Celts, or to their 
language : as, Celtic tribes ; Celtic tongues ; Cel- 
tic customs; of Celtic origin. Celtic monuments. 
See megalithic monument*, under merialitliic. Celtic 
pipe. See fairy iripes. Celtic pottery. See pottery. 
II. n. The language or group of dialects 
spoken by the Celts, including Welsh, Armoric 
or Breton, Irish, Gaelic, and Manx. 
Celticism, Kelticism (sel'-, kel'ti-sizm), n. 
1. The manners and customs of the Celts. 
2. A Celtic idiom or mode of expression. 
Also Celtism, Keltism. 
