centrifugal 
II. n. 1. pi. Sugars made in a centrifugal 
machine. 
Centrifugals [ranged in price] from 4| for "seconds" to 
6J cents. The Century, XXXV. 119. 
2. A drum in a centrifugal machine. 
Next the "masse cuite" falls into the "centrifugals," 
which are small drums holding about 120 pounds of sugar. 
The Century, XXXV. 114. 
centrifugally (sen-trif'u-gal-i), adv. In a cen- 
trifugal manner ; from the center outward. 
At some perihelion of the planet ... the tidal swell 
would be lifted bodily from connection with the central 
mass and move centrifugally to such distance that a state 
of equilibrium would'be reached. 
WincheU, World-Life, p. 213. 
centrifugence (sen-trif'u-jens), . [< centrifu- 
g(al) + -ence. The strict ibrm would be *cn- 
trifugience.] A tendency to fly off from the 
center ; centrifugal force or tendency. 
centrimanent (sen-trim'a-nent), a. [< L. cen- 
trum, center, + manen(t-)s, ppr. of manere, re- 
main.] Remaining in the center, especially in 
the brain. 
Centrina (sen-tri'na), n. [NL. (Cuvier, 1817).] 
A genus of sharks, 'taken as the type of a fam- 
ily Centrimdw. 
centring 1 , . See centering^-. 
centring 2 , n. See centering'!. 
Centrinidse (sen-trin'i-de). n.pl. [NL., < Centri- 
na + -irf<B.] A family of sharks, typified by the 
genus Centrina : same as Spinacidte. Lowe, 1843. 
centripetal (sen-trip'e-tal), a. [Cf. F. centri- 
pete = Sp. centripeto ==' Pg. It. centripeto; < 
NL. centripetus, < L. centrum, center, + petere, 
seek, move toward.] 1. Tending or moving 
toward the center: opposed to centrifugal 
2. Progressing by changes from the exterior of 
an object to its center : as, the centripetal cal- 
cification of a bone. Owen Centripetal force. 
See force. Centripetal Inflorescence, a form of in- 
florescence, otherwise called acropetal, in which the lower 
or outer flowers are the first to open, as in spikes, racemes, 
umbels, the heads of composites, etc. Centripetal 
press, a device for applying pressure in an inward direc- 
tion in radial lines. Centripetal pump, a rotary pump 
in which revolving blades collect the water and draw it 
to the axis, where it enters the discharge- tube. Centrip- 
etal radicle, in bot., an embryonic radicle turned to- 
ward the center of the seed. Centripetal railway, a 
railway having a single bearing-rail to support the car, 
with side rails and wheels to steady it. 
centripetalism (sen-trip'e-tal-izm), n. [< cen- 
tripetal + -ism.'] Tendency toward a center; 
centripetal motion or tendency. 
The plague of centripetalisin is a curse which has come 
to us [New Zealand] across the seas from older countries. 
Westminster Sev., CXXVIII. 40. 
centripetally (sen-trip'e-tal-i), adv. In a cen- 
tripetal manner ; with tendency toward a cen- 
ter ; by centripetal force. 
Cartilaginous process ascending from the cartilaginous 
margin of the disc centripetally in the outer surface of the 
jelly-like disc. E. R. Lankester, Encyc. Brit., XII. 562. 
centripetence. centripetency (sen-trip'e-tens, 
-ten-si), n. [\ L. centrum, center, + peten(t-)s, 
pp. at petere, seek, + -ence, -ency. See centrip- 
etal.^ Tendency toward a center ; centripetal 
force or tendency. 
The centripetence augments the centrifugence. We bal- 
ance one man with his opposite, and the health of the state 
depends on the see-saw. Emerson, Uses of Great Men. 
centriscid (sen-tris'id), . A fish of the family 
Centriscidai. 
Centriscidae (sen-tris'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < Cen- 
triscus + -ida;.'} 1 . A family of hemibranchiate 
fishes, typified by the genus Centriscus, having 
a short ovate body with bony plates in front and 
on the back, the mouth drawn out into a long 
tubular snout, a small spinous dorsal fin, and 
the ventrals near the middle of the abdomen 
with a spine and 7 rays each. These fishes are vari- 
ously known as sea-snipe, snipe-fishes, and woodcock-fishex, 
in consequence of the length of the beak. The body is 
compressed, and covered with small rough scales; there 
is no lateral line ; bony strips are found on the side of the 
back, sometimes confluent into a shield, and other bony 
strips occur on the margin of the thorax and abdomen. 
There are no teeth. The gill-openings are wide, and the 
branchiostegals are 4 in number. Of the two dorsal fins, 
the first bears 4 to 7 spines, the second of which is very 
long and strong, and the soft dorsal is of moderate size, 
like the anal ; the pectorals are short ; the caudal is emar- 
ginate, and its middle rays are not produced. The family 
is also and more properly called Macrorhamphosidte. 
2. A family extended to include not only the 
true Centriscida?, but also the Amphisilidce. 
centriSCiform (sen-tris'i-f6rm), a. [< NL. cen- 
trisdformis, < Centriscus, q. v., + L. forma, 
form.] Shaped like a fish of the genus Centris- 
cus ; of or pertaining to the Centrisciformes. 
Centrisciformes (sen-tris-i-f6r'mez), n. pi. 
[NL., pi. of centrisciformis : see centrisciform.'] 
In Giinther's system of classification, the thir- 
teenth division of Acanthopterygii, character- 
888 
ized by two dorsal fins with short spines, the 
soft anal of moderate extent, and the ventrals 
truly abdominal and imperfectly developed. 
Centriscus (sen-tris'kus), x. [NL., < Gr. nsv- 
Tpimof, a kind of fish, dim. of Kevrpov, a spine, 
spur: see center 1 .] A genus of fishes, typical of 
the family Centriscidce. C. scolopax is the trumpet- 
flsh, bellows-fish, snipe-fish, or sea-snipe of the Atlantic 
and Mediterranean, now called Macrorhamphoms scolo- 
pax. 
Centrist (sen'trist), n. [< center^- + -fet.'} In 
the German Reichstag or Imperial Parliament, 
one of the members of the so-called Center or 
Ultramontane party. 
centre-. In modern scientific compound words, 
the combining form of Latin centrum or Greek 
Kcvrpov, center, also spine. 
centro-acinal (sen-tro-as'i-nal), a. In anat., 
in the center of an acinus : applied specifically 
to certain spindle-shaped shells found in the 
middle of the acini of the pancreas and in 
some other glands. 
centro-acinar (sen-tro-as'i-nar), a. Same as 
centro-acinal. 
centrobaric (sen-tro-bar'ik), a. [< Gr. Kevrpav, 
the center, + flapof, weight.] Relating to the 
center of gravity, or to the method of finding it. 
Centrobaric body, a body which attracts as if its whole 
mass were concentrated in a point, its center of gravity. 
If the action of terrestrial or other gravity on a rigid 
body is reducible to a single force in a line passing always 
through one point fixed relatively to the body, whatever 
be its position relatively to the earth or other attracting 
mass, that point is called its center of gravity, and the 
body is called a centrobaric body. 
Thomson and Tail, Nat. Phil., 534. 
Centrobaric method, a method of measuring the extent 
of a surface or the contents of a solid by means of certain 
relations subsisting between the center of inertia (or grav- 
ity) of a line and surfaces generated by it, and between 
the center of inertia of a plane surface and solids gener- 
ated by it. 
centrobaricalt, [Formerly also centrobarycal 
(E. Phillips, 1706) ; as centrobaric + -aZ.J An 
obsolete form of centrobaric. 
Centrocercus(sen-tro-ser'kus), n. [NL. (Swain- 
son, 1831), < Gr. Ktvrpov, point, center, + titpKoc,, 
tail.] A genus of gallinaceous birds, of the 
Centropodinae 
In etnbryol., having the food-yolk (deutoplasm) 
central in position, surrounded by peripheral 
protoplasm. 
The food yolk may . . . have a central position. In 
such centrolecithal eggs the segmentation is confined to the 
periphery. Cla.ua, Zoology (trans.), I. 112. 
Centrolepis (sen-tro-le'pis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
kivTfiov, point, + taetf, scale.] 1. In tot., a 
genus of monocotyledonous plants belonging 
to and the type of the natural order Centrole- 
/litlcft'. They are small tufted plants, mostly annuals, 
with linear-filiform radical leaves. Seventeen species are 
known, natives of Australia. 
2. In ichtlt., a genus of fishes. Egerton, 1843. 
centrolinead (sen-tro-lin'e-ad), . [< L. cen- 
trum, center, + linea, 'line,'+ -art 3 .] An instru- 
ment for drawing lines converging toward a 
point, though the point be inaccessible. 
centre-lineal (sen-tro-lin'e-al), a. and n. [< L. 
centrum, center, + 'linea, line, -I- -al.~\ I. a. 
Converging to a center. 
II. . Same as centrolinead. 
Centrolophinae (sen"tro-lo-fi'ne), n.pl. [NL., 
< Centrolopliiis + -ina:.'] A subfamily of fishes, 
of the family Stromateidte, typified by the ge- 
nus Centrolopliiis. They have complex elongated gill- 
rakers extending backward from the epibranchials of the 
last hranrhiiil aivh, 11 abdominal and 14 caudal vertebra, 
protractile premaxillaries, and normally developed ven- 
tral fins persistent through life. 
centrolophine (sen-trol'o-fin), a. and n. I. . 
Of or pertaining to the Centrolophince. 
II. n. A fish of the subfamily Centrolophince. 
Centrolophus (sen-trol'o-fus), . [NL., < Gr. 
Kevrpav, spine, + /W^of, crest.] The typical ge- 
nus of the subfamily Centrolophinat, including 
the blackfish of F.ngland, Centrolophus pompi- 
litx. or C. nioriii. This fish is chiefly of a black color ; 
the vent is advanced in position, the ventral fin is small, 
and the anal is half as long as the dorsal. 
centronelt, An obsolete variant of centinel, 
for geiitiiirl. 
Centroniaet (sen-tro'ni-e), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
nevrpov, a point, spine.] A large group of ani- 
mals, the radiates, zoophytes, or coelenterates : 
an inexact synonym of Itadiata. 
Centronotidae (sen-tro-not'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Centronotus + -ida;."] A family of fishes, typi- 
fied by the genus Centronotus : same as Mura 1 - 
noididte. 
Centronotus (sen-tro-no'tus), n. [NL., < Gr. 
Ktvrpov, spine, + vurof, back.] A genus of fishes 
with the entire dorsal fin composed of spines, 
typical of the family Centronotida;. 
Centrophanes (sen-trof'a-nez), n. [NL. (Kaup, 
1829), < Gr. nivrpov, a goad, sting, spur, + -<j>a- 
vf/c, evident, < ^ahttv. appear.] A genus of 
oscine passerine birds, of the family Fringil- 
lidai, inhabiting northerly parts of both hemi- 
spheres : so called from the long, straight, spur- 
like hind claw. The Lapland loiigspur, C. lapponicns, 
common to Europe, Asia, and America, is the type-spe- 
Sage-cock, or Cock-of-the-plains (Centrocercus urofhasiattus). 
Tetraonidce or grouse family, the typical and 
only species of which is the great sage-cock or 
eock-of-the-plains of western America, C. uro- 
phasianus. The Reims is so named from the stiff, nar- 
rowly acuminate tail-feathers, which are 20 in number and 
equal or exceed the length of the wing. The neck is suscep- 
tible of enormous inflation by means of air-sacs beneath 
the skin, which when distended is extensively naked, and 
forms an irregular bulging mass surmounted by a fringe of 
filamentous feathers, several inches long, springing from 
a mass of erect white feathers, and covered below with a 
solid set of sharp, white, horny feathers like fish-scales. 
The tarsus is feathered to the toes, and the gizzard is only 
slightly muscular. 
centrodorsal (sen-tro-dor'sal), a. and n. K L. 
centrum, center, + dorsum, 'back, + -al.~\ I. a. 
Central and dorsal or aboral: applied to the 
central ossicle of the stem of crinoids, as mem- 
bers of the genus Comatula. 
The centre of the skeleton is constituted by a large cen- 
tro-dorsal ossicle. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 600. 
II. n. In crinoids, a centrodorsal ossicle which 
unites the skeleton of the stalk with the body. 
centrodorsally (sen-tro-dor'sal-i), adv. In a 
centrodorsal position or relation. 
Centrogpnida (sen-tro-gon'i-da), n. pi. [NL., 
< Gr. Kevrpov, center, + yowf, generation, + 
-ida.] An order of degraded suctorial crusta- 
ceans, represented by such genera as Sacculiiia 
and Peltogaster. Also called Suctoria and Illii- 
eocephala. 
centroid (sen'troid), n. [< Gr. Kivrpav, center, 
+ tWof, form.] In math., the center of mass. 
See center^. 
centrolecithal (sen-tro-les'i-thal), a. [< Gr. 
Ktvrpov, center, + Ae/aft>f, yolk of an egg, + -al.] 
Lapland Longspur (Centrophattes lafftmicus). 
cies. Others are C. ornatits, the chestnut-collared lark- 
bunting, and C. pictus, the painted lark-bunting, both of 
North America. 
centropipedon (sen-tro-pip'e-don), . ; pi. cen- 
trompeda (-da). [NL., prop. *centrepipedon, 
< Gr. Ktvrpov, center, -I- ETrOTtrfof, level, plane, 
superficial, < iirl, upon, + wSov, ground. Cf. 
lirallelopipedon.~\ In morphology, a compli- 
cated form, in which the poles of at least the 
dorsoventral axis are unlike, and in which the 
body is thus defined not with reference to a 
line, but to a median plane. Encyc. Brit., XVI. 
844. 
centropipedonal (sen' tro-pi-ped'o-nal), a. 
[< eeiitropiiiedon + -/.] Saving the morpho- 
logical form of a centropipedon. 
Centropodinae (sen"tro-po-dl'ne), . pi. [NL., 
< Ccntropvs (-pod-) +' -inai.~\ A subfamily of 
picarian birds, of the family Cuculida;; the cou- 
cals or spurred cuckoos : so called from the 
long, straight hind claw. They include many spe- 
cies of Africa, Asia, and the East Indies, some of them 
also known as pheasant-cmkoos. Also Centropince. 
