century 
890 
of the maniple, but its normal quota of men was increased. 
Under tliu empire the regular force of the century was 110 
men. See l>^ii"n. 
Mar. Know you what store of the pnetorian soldiers 
Sejanus holds about him for his guard? 
Luc. 1 cannot the just number; Imt I think 
Three centcrii'.'i. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 3. 
oially, tlie area of land allotted to soldiers in 
a conquered country. 3. A period of one hun- 
dred years, reckoned from any starting-point : 
formed in new-born children by an effusion of 
blood (a) between the aponeurotic structures 
of the cranium and the pericranium; (6) be- 
tween the pericranium and the skull; or (c) 
between the dura mater and the skull. Also 
cephalhematoma and cephttlohematoma. 
(c) An allotment of land of varying size; espe- cephalagra (sef-a-lag'ra), n. [< Gr. x^a^, 
head, + <zj pa, a catching; cf. chiragra, podagra.] 
Severe pain in the head; especially, gout in 
the head. 
[L., also ceplia- 
.ater also ti<j>a~/M.pyia, 
. ... having headache, < KE- 
head, + a/lyof, pain, ache.] In pathol., 
headache. Also called cephalalgy, eruxphalal- 
lognized era. Thus the first century 
the Christian era began with the year A. 1>. 1 anil extended 
to the end of the year 100; the third century began with 
201 and ended with .'fix) ; and the eighteenth century began 
cephalalgicus, < Gr. ufa&aAytieit, < ne<j>afaiAyia: 
see cephalalgia.] I. a. Relating to cephalalgia 
or headache. 
II. n. A medicine for headache, 
cephalalgy (sef'a-lal-ji), . [< F. eephalalgie 
= Sp. cejalalgia "= Pg. cephalalgia = It. cefa- 
lalgia, cefalaryia, < L. cephalalgia : see cepha- or 99 
lalgia.] Same as cephalalgia. 
with 1701 and ended with 1800, the year completing the ..,,. , . a i'.jjij\ fln( i 
hundred-year period in each instance giving name to the cepnaiaiglC (Sei-a-ldl )\*-h <* ana re. 
century. When used absolutely, without explanatory ad- 
junct of any kind, the centuries of the Christian era are 
always meant. The centuries before Christ are reckoned 
backward in their order from the Christian era, and those 
after Christ are reckoned forward : as, the fourth century 
B. c. (from 301 B. c. backward to 400). 
One crash, the death-hymn of the perfect tree, 
Declares the close of its green century. 
Emerson, Woodnotes, i. 
Centuries of Magdeburg, a title given to an ecclesias- rpnnalanthiiim (spf a an'trr 
tical history of the first 1,300 years of the Christian era, in cepnaiantniUin .(bei a-ia im;, . , pi. cep, 
which the records of each century occupy a volume, com- tanilua (-a).^ L wlj v * " r ' Ki 
piled by a number of Protestants at Magdeburg. It was a flower.] 
published at Basel, 1560-74. 
century 2 t, n. An obsolete form of centawry. 
century-plant (sen'tu-ri-plant), n. A name 
given to the American aloe, Agave Americana, 
which was formerly supposed to flower only 
after the lapse of a century. See Agave. 
centussis (sen-tus'is), . [L., < centum, a hun- 
Cephalobrancbia 
with or constituting the front or fore part of a 
body or orgaii : opposed to caudal : as, the ce- 
phalic surface of the liver or diaphragm ; the 
cephalic end of a vertebra ; the cephalic segment 
of a centiped. 
Now that the extended study of comparative anatomy 
and embryonic development is largely applied to the 
elucidation of the human structure, it is very desirable 
that descriptive terms should be sought which may with- 
out ambiguity indicate position and relation in the organ- 
ism at once in man and [other) animals. Such terms as 
cephalic and caudal, dorsal and ventral, are of this class, 
and ought, whenever this may be done consistently with 
sufficient clearness of description, to take the place of those 
which are only applicable to the peculiar attitude of the 
human body. Quain, Anat., I. (i. 
Cephalic aura, peculiar sensations, referred to the head, 
preceding epileptic or hysterical attacks. Cephalic en- 
teron, the cephalic portion of the enteron ; so much of 
the alimentary canal as is in the head. Cephalic flex- 
ure, (a) In Arthropods, tile upward inclination of the 
longitudinal axis of the cephalic steruites in respect to the 
same axis of the thoracic sternites. (It) In human anat., 
the bending of the head of the embryo forward or down- 
ward upon the trunk. Cephalic ganglia. See gan- 
glion. Cephalic index, in cranium., the ratio of the 
greatest transverse to the greatest anteroposterior diame- 
ter of the skull multiplied by 100. It varies from 62 to 98 
head, + avffos, 
In hot., the head or capitate inflo- 
rescence of a composite plant. 
Cephalanthus (sef-a-lan'thus), re. [NL., < Gr. 
Keyaty, head, + av6o<;, a flower.] A genus of 
plants, natural order Kubiacem. The species are 
shrubs, with small white flowers densely aggregated in 
spherical peduncled heads. The best-known species is 
C. occidfntalix, the button-bush of North America. 
dred, + as (ass-), an as.] "An ancient Roman Cephalaspidae, n. pi. See Cephalaspididw. 
unit of weight, consisting of 100 asses. See as 4 . Cephalaspidea (sefa-las-pid'e-a), n. pi. [NL., 
< Cephalaspis (-pid-) + -ea.~\ A'group of tecti- 
branchiate gastropods, characterized by the de- 
velopment of a cephalic disk distinct from the 
ceorlt, n. [The AS. original of E. churl, q. v.] 
A freeman of the lower rank among the Anglo- 
Saxons ; a churl. 
-C60US. An adjective termination of Latin ori- 
gin. See -aceous. 
cepa (se'pa), n. [L., also written ca;pa, cepe, Cephalaspididae, Cephalaspidae (sef *a-las- 
ciepe, an onion, > F. cive, > E. cive, q. v.] The pid'i-de, sef-a-las'pi-de), n.pl. [NL., < Cepha- 
common onion, the Allium Cepa of botanists. laspis (-pid-) 4- -id<e.] A family of fossil fishes. 
cepaceous (se-pa'shius), a. [< cepa + -aceous.] of which the genus Cephalaspis is typical. 
Alliaceous; having the odor of onions. Cephalaspis (sef-a-las'pis), n. 
cepevorous (se-pev'o-rus), a. [Prop, "cepivo- 
rous, < L. cepa, cepe, an onion, + vorare, eat, 
Those people who possess crania with a cephalic index of 
80 and above are called brachycephali ; those with a lower 
index are dolichocephali. Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 420. 
Cephalic medicines, remedies for disorders of the head. 
-Cephalic shield, in trilobites, the large buckler which 
surrounds and protects the head and extends over more or 
less of the body. See Triloltita, and cut under Limulus. 
Cephalic souffle, a blowing murmur which may be heard 
on auscultation of the head in some anemic states, as 
well as in some cases of aneurism of an artery of the head. 
Cephalic vein, a large superficial vein on the front of 
the arm, running from the elbow to the shoulder : so 
named because the ancients used to open it as a remedy 
for disorders of the head.- Cephalic version, in obttet., 
the operation of turning the fetus in the uterus in such 
a manner that the head is made to present at the os uteri : 
distinguished from podalic version. 
II. n. A remedy for headache or other dis- 
orders in the head. 
'pis 
a shield.] 
WtW, 
devour.] Feeding on onions. [Rare.] 
Cephaelis (sef-a-e'lis), re. [NL., < Gr. 
head, + /.E<V ('-j/ */l), compress.] An exten- 
sive genus of plants, natural order Rubiacece, 
consisting of shrubs or perennial herbs, natives 
of tropical regions, 
chiefly in America. 
Their flowers grow in close 
heads, surrounded by in- 
volucrating bracts, which 
are sometimes richly col- 
ored. The most interest- 
ing species is C. Ipeca- 
cuanha, which yields the 
ipecacuanha-root of the 
druggists. It is found in 
shady woods in Brazil. 
The root has a character- 
istic ringed structure. See 
ipecacuanha. 
cephal-. See cephalo-. 
Cephalacanthidae 
(sef"a-la-kan'thi-de), 
n.pl." [NL., < Cepha- 
lacanthus + -idw.] A 
family of acanthop- 
terygian fishes, rep- 
resented by the genus Cephalacanthus: a syn- 
onym of Dactylopteridte. 
Cephalacanthus (sef 'a-la-kan'thus), n. [NL., 
{ Gr. tte<l>cM], head, -f- aKavOa, thorn, spine.] A 
genus of fishes : a synonym of Dactylopterus. C. 
volitans is the flying-fish, flying-robin, or bat-fish. 
head, + 
fossil fishes, 
typical of the 
family Cepha- 
laspididig. The 
very large head 
which character- 
izes these fishes 
bears a close 
resemblance in 
shape to a sad- 
dlers' knife, and 
is covered with a buckler prolonged backward into a point 
on either side. They are known as buckler-fishes or buck- 
ler-heads. C. lyelli is a common species. 
Cepkalaspis lyelli. 
When I had passed the superficial parts, and digged a 
little more than skin-deepe into the Mineral! of Cephalicall 
Motion, I came to the Muscles, the instruments of volun- 
tary motion. 
Quoted in F. Warner's Physical Expression, p. 324. 
[NL., < Gr. Cephalinae (sef-a-l!'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Cepha- 
A genus of '"* ~*~ -* W *P-] A" subfamily of plectognathous 
fishes, typified by the genus Cephalus : synony- 
mous with Molidce. 
cephalis (sef'a-lis), n. [NL., < Gr. Kf(j>a'Ai(, a 
little head, a capital, dim. of Kf<AoA#, head.] A 
lattice-head in the skeleton or certain radio- 
larians of the group Monopylea ; a simple sub- 
spherical lattice-shell, inclosing the central 
capsule and standing in connection with it at 
the basal pole of its main axis. 
cephalistic (sef-a-lis'tik), a. [< Gr. Ke^.tf, 
head, + -isWc.] Same as cephalic. [Rare.] 
There is a cranium, the cephalistic head-quarters of sen- 
sation, is. Taylor. 
[NL., < Gr. 
Cephalata (sef-a-la'ta), n.pl. [NL., neut. pi. . 
ofceplialatus: see cephalate.'] A prime division cephalitis (sef-a-li tis), n. i>-.u., % .. /vcyu/u,, 
of mollusks, including those with a head, gener- nead > + " ] In pathol., inflammation of the 
ally provided with tentacles, eyes, and a mouth brain or its membranes, 
armed with jaws, as gastropods, pteropods, and capitalization (sef'a-li-za'shon), n. [< cepha- 
. , . * ^*T_ T f *L ' ;._ _1_ *,-,, T T ! ! _ . ^ A - - 
Ctfhanis Ipecacuanha. 
cephalopods: same as Cephalophora, 1, or En- 
cephala : the opposite of Acephala. [Not now 
in use.] 
cephalate (sef 'a-lat), a. and n. [< NL. cepha- 
latus, < Gr. Ke^a^, head.] I. a. Having a head, 
as a mollusk ; specifically, of or pertaining to 
the Cephalata. 
II. n. A mollusk having a head; specifically, 
one of the Cephalata. 
cephaletron (sef-a-le'tron), n. ; pi. cephaletra 
(-trft). [NL., < Grr. /ce^a/u/, head, + fyrpav, the 
abdomen.] Owen's name (1872) of the head, 
cephalon, or anterior division of the body of 
some crustaceans, as the king-crab : correlated 
with tJioracetron and pleon. 
cephalad (sef'a-lad), adv. [< Gr. Ke<j>a/Ji, head, 
+ -ad$.] In anat., toward the head; forward cephalhematoma, re.; pi. cephalhematomata 
in the long axis of the body; in the opposite Same as cephalafinatoma. 
is situated cephalml of the cerebellum ; the fundus of the 
bladder is cephalad with reference to its neck. 
cephalaea (sef-a-le'a), n. [L., < Gr. ice<t>afaiia, 
a persistent headache, prop. fern, of Ke<f>d%au>{, 
of the head, < Keajaty, head.] In pathol., head- 
ache, especially one of those forms of headache 
which do not seem to be part of some more gen- 
eral disorder, and which do not exhibit the typi- 
cal features of neuralgia or of megrim. 
cephalaematoma (sef-a-le-ma-to'mii), n. ; pi. 
cephalcematomata (-ma-ta). [NL-, ^ Gr. KE^KIA^, 
head, + alfta(r-), blob'd,"+ -oma.~\ A swelling 
lize + -ation.] In biol., a term first used by J. 
D. Dana to denote a tendency in the develop- 
ment of animals to localization of important 
parts in the neighborhood of the head, as by the 
transfer of locomotive members or limbs to or 
near to the head (in decapod crustaceans,- for 
example), or the concentration of plastic force 
in parts composing the head, or subserving 
cephalic functions. It is accomplished in various 
ways : by the transfer of members from the locomotive 
to the cephalic series ; by participation of anterior loco- 
motive organs in cephalic functions ; by increased abbre- 
viation, condensation, and perfection of structure ante- 
riorly, with the opposite qualifications posteriorly ; or 
(in man alone) by the uprising of the cephalic end, till at 
last the body becomes vertical. 
cephalize (sef 'a-liz), . t. ; pret. and pp. cepha- 
lized, ppr. cephalizing. [< cephal-ic + -4ze.~] To 
make or render cephalic ; favor or cause ceph- 
alization in or of: as, to cephalize legs of a 
crustacean by modifying them into mouth- 
parts ; to cephalize the nervous system by de- 
veloping a brain. 
, dial. Ktfiakii, Keffij/, cephalized (sef 'a-lizd), p. a. [Pp. of cephalize. 
head, prob. not connected with c.] Exhibiting cephalization ; having the head 
L. caput, head, or AS. hedfod, and anterior members of the body well devel- 
E. head, or, it appears, with oped or well distinguished. 
AS. (poet.) hafela, hafala, hea- cephalo-. [NL., etc., cephalo-, < Gr. Ktfya/.-li, head : 
fola, the head, but perhaps see cephalic.] An element in compound words 
connected with gablei : see of Greek origin, meaning the head, referring to 
caput, head, gable*.] I. a. 1. the head, skull, or brain. Also cephal-, before 
Pertaining to the head in any a vowel. 
way. 2. Situated or directed Cephalobranchia, Cephalohranchiata (sef "a- 
toward the head; connected lo-brang'ki-a, -brang-ki-a'ta), n.pl. [NL.,<Gr. 
Gr. Kf<f>al.iK.6(;, of or for the head, 
