Ceratoidea 
of the Forifera ta or sponges ; the true horny 
sponges, whose skeleton consists of ceratode, 
forming a network in the mesoderm. They arc 
the only (sponges of practical importance and commercial 
value. They are usually found cm rocky ground or coral- 
895 
cercaria 
reefs at a depth of not more than 7fi fathoms. Also AV,v/ 
taidta. 
ceratomandibular (ser"a-t6-man-dib'u-liir), n. 
[< NL. I'i'riiliiiniiiiililiiiliirix, < Gr. Ki/iaf (tepar-), 
horn, + LL. iiiiititlibula, a mandible.] Pertaiu- 
a leaf.] The only genus of plants of the natural a perithecium with an elongated neck, occur- 
ordor t'rriitf>i>>tyll<ifi<i: ring in certain fungi. 2. (/'"/'] A gonug of 
Ceratophytat(ser'a-to-fi'tii), ii.pl. [NL. (orig. |.vn-noinycotous fungi. 
/!<///,////,',-/ Cuvi'iT," 1817), <Gr. nlpac.(iic/iaT-), ceratotheca (ser"a-to-t''6'kii), H. [NL., < (jr. 
horn, + IJIVTUV, a plant.] In Cuvier'g system of /.<//<; (/ir-), liorn, + ///,;/, ease : see II,,, ;i.] In 
classification, a tribe of corticate ('uruUifi-rn. 
having an interior fibrous axis resembling horn 
in substance and texture. It includes such 
genera as AntlpaOHt and 
iiituni., an antenna-case, or that part of the in- 
tegument of a pupa which covers and .shows 
the outline of the antenna. Kirliy and Speno.- 
_._, _, _ . _ called it . <-iriitliii;i. 
ing both to a portion of the hyoid bone and to ceratophytet (ser'a-to-fit), . A member of ceratothecal (sor a-to-the'kal), a. [< eerato- 
the mandible: as, the ceratomandibular muscle the Cn'nio/ilii/iti. Also I; i;it<i/ili>/ti. theca + -til.] of or pertaining to a cerato- 
ceratoplastic (ser*a-tp-plas'tik), . [< cerato- theca; casing antennee. 
l>luxti/ + -if.] Pertaining to or of the nature ceratotome (se-rat'o-tom). n. [< Gr. ntpof (te- 
at ceratoplasty. Also ktratoplaitio. /'""-), horn, + nuuSf, cutting, < rffivtiv, rapelv, 
cut.] An instrument for dividing the trans- Ceratoplasty (ser'a-to-plas-ti), n. [< Gr. ntpaf cut.] In surg., a kind of scalpel used in opera- 
parent cornea in the operation for cataract by (fff 11 "-), horn, + ir'/.aar6f, verbal adj. of irMooeiv, tions for cataract for making incisions in the 
form, mold.] In surg., the artificial restora- cornea. Also keratottim, . 
tion of the cornea by replacing it by one taken ceratotomy (ser-a-tot'o-mi), n. [< Gr. nipat 
ruvla, also at pa- from an animal. Also spelled keratoplaxtij. (HI/MIT-), horn, + 'fopf/, a cutting: see anatomy, 
rta, the carob- Ceratoptera (ser-a-top'te-rii), n. [NL. (Mill- and cf. ceralome.'] In surg., an incision in the 
tree (so called ler and Henle, 183'7), < Gin. xepaf (Ktpar-), horn, cornea. Also keratotomy. 
from the horn- + irrep/m, wing or fin.] A genus of rays with ceratum (se-ra' turn), n. [L. : see cerate*, .] 
cephalic fins developed as horn-like appen- The pharmacopoeia! name for simple cerate, 
dages toward the front of the head, typical consisting of 30 parts of white wax and 70 of 
of a group Ceratopterina. lard ; ceratum adipis. 
Ceratopterina (ser-a-top-te-ii'na), i. pi. [NL., ceraunic (se-ra'nik), a. [< Gr. nepavv6f, & thun- 
<. Cerataptera + -*'.] In Gunthers system derbolt, thunder and lightning, + -ic.] Pertain- 
of classification, a group of Myliobatidte, char- ing to or accompanied by thunder and lightning. 
ucterized by the very small size of the teeth ceraunics (se-ra'niks), n. [PL of ceraunic: 
and the development of cephalic fins, forming see -ics.] That branch of natural philosophy 
a pair of separated appendages of the head in l - : ~ 1 - = 
front of the snout : synonymous with Cephalop- 
of reptiles. 
ceratome (ser'a-tom), n. [< Gr. n6pa( (Kepar-), 
horn (cornea), -r- TOfidf, cutting, (. Tfftveiv, rafietv, 
extraction of the lens. Also kerntome. 
Oeratonia (ser-a-to'ni-a), w. [NL., < Gr. 
, also Krpa- 
shaped pods), 
< KCpai; (/CF/WT-), 
a horn.] A ge- 
nus of plants, 
natural order 
l.ft/iiHiiiiomr t re- 
markable from 
the fact that the 
flowers lack the 
corolla. The only 
species is C. Stti- 
which investigates the laws and describes the 
phenomena of heat and electricity. [Rare.] 
ceraumte (se-ra'nit), n. [= F. ceraunite, < Gr. 
' 
, a native of the Ceratorhina (ser'a-to-ri'nil), n. [NL. (Bona- KepawiTw (so. Mffof, stone)", a kind of precious 
UutltfedttoniiMtn! P, ar * e ' 1828, in the form Ceratorhyncha), < Gr. stone, lit. a thunder-stone, < ittpaiv6f, a thun- 
Branch of Carob-trce (Ceratsnia Stliqua], 
with flower and fruit. 
The pods, often call- 
ed locust-beans, are 
supposed by some 
to nave been the 
food of John the 
Baptist in the wil- 
derness. They con- 
tain a sweet nutri- 
tious pulp, are extensively used for feeding animals, and 
are sometimes seen in fruiterers' shops. 
Ceratonota (ser"a-to-n6'ta), n. pi. [NL., neut. Ceratorhyncha (ser'a-to-rijig'ka), . [NL., < 
pi. of veratoHOtus: see ceratonotous.] A divi- Gr. ntpas (/?par-), horn, -r- #7*or,"gnout.] Same 
sion of non-palliate or nudibranchiate opisthp- as Ceratorhina, 1. Bonaparte, 1828. 
branchiate gastropods, having the ctenidia Ceratornis (ser-a-tdr'nis), n. Same as Ceriornis. 
atrophied and replaced by cerata which serve Ceratosa (ser-a-to'sft), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi. 
as gills, as the sea-slugs of the family JEolida;. 
ceratonotal (ser"a-to-n6'tal), a. [As cerato- 
not-ous + -til.] Having cerata or false gills on 
the back; notobranchiate; specifically, of or 
pertaining to the Ceratonota. 
ceratonotous (ser'a-to-no'tus), a. [< NL. 
ceratonotus, < Gr. xtpaf (xepar-), a horn, + varos, 
back.] Same as ceratonotal. 
ceratonyxis (ser*a-to-nik'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
Ktpaf (Kt-par-), horn, + vifif, a puncturing.] In 
sura., the operation of removing a cataract by sarcidee. Also Keratosa. 
thrusting a needle through the corner of the ceratose (ser'a-tos), a. and n. 
eye and breaking up the opaque mass. Also < Gr. ntpaf (Kepar-), horn, + 
keratomixis. 
Ceratophrys (ser-a-tof'ris), n. [NL. (Boie), < 
Gr. Ktpaf (Kepar-), norn, + bippitf = E. brow.] A 
genus of arciferous salient batrachians, of the 
family Cystignathida:, containing toads with a 
horn-like process over the eye, whence the 
name. The Brazilian C. fryi is an example. 
Ceratophthalma (ser'a-tof-thal'ma), n. pi. 
[NL. (Latreille). < Gr. 'kfpaf (nepaT-),"hoTn, + 
offlatyk, eye.] In Latreille's system of classifi- 
cation, a section of his phyllopodous branchio- 
3_ __!__!. J il "l* M *. * 
(nepar-), a horn, + pic, piv, nose.] 1. Age- derbolt.] Same as belemni'te. 
nusof auks, of the family Alcida;: socalled from ceraunoscope (se-ra'no-skop), . [Cf. Gr. 
the large deciduous horn which surmounts the KepawoaKoirta, the observation of thunder and 
base of the bill. The type and only species i& the rhi- lightning in divination, < nepawdf, thunder and 
noceros auk, C. tnonoctrata, of the northern Pacific ocean, lightning, + moirfiv, view.] An apparatus or 
CbZrhtoZ? ' Cerorhynea " Cfrorhina - C^rorhyncha, instrument used in the mysteries of the an- 
2. [Spelled Ceratorrhina.'} A genus of coleop- n ci6 K t8 Iv5S .^"^der and "ghtning. 
terous insects. Westwood, 1843 Cerbera (ser'be-ra), n. [NL., after the fabled 
dog Cerberus, in allusion to their poisonous 
qualities.] An apocynaceous genus of small 
trees, consisting of four maritime species of 
Madagascar, tropical Asia, and the Pacific. 
Those best known are C. Odallam and C. Tanghin, the 
-- .. -.-.'/ -t - i. ' r fruit of which is a violent poison, and was formerly used 
of ceratosus : see ceratose.] 1. The horny or in Madagascar in ordeals. 
fibrous sponges; the Ceratoda. Also Keratosa. Cerberean (ser-be're-an), . [Also Cerberian, < 
Bowerbanl: 2. As restricted by Lendenfeld, L. Cerbereus, pertaining to Cerberus.] Relat- 
a suborder of sponges, of the order Cornacii- ing to or resembling Cerberus. 
spongiaij supported by a skeleton of spongin A cry of hell hounds never ceasing bark'd 
(exceptionally without any skeleton at all), With wide Certxrean mouths full loud. 
the fiber without spicules proper, but with or Milton, p. L., ii. 655. 
without foreign bodies. In this sense it is com- cerberin, cerberine (ser'be-rin), M. [< Cerbe- 
posed of the families Spongidai, Aplysiitidai, ra + -in%, -<e 2 .] A vegetable principle found 
Hircinidas, Spontjeliida, Aplysillida;, and Hali- in Cerbera Odallam. 
[< NL. ceratosus, 
-osus: see -oe.] 
I. a. Horny. 
When the living matter is removed from a Crratose 
sponge a network of elastic horny fibres, the skeleton of 
the animal, remains behind. Encyc. Brit., XXII. 428. 
II. n. Same as ceratode. 
Also keratose. 
ceratosilicious (ser'a-to-si-lish'ius), n. [< Gr. 
ntpas (Kepar-), a horn', + L. siliceus, silicious.] 
Containing or composed of mixed horny fibers 
and silicious spicules, as a sponge. Also kera- 
tosilicious. 
i families Bran- ceratosilicoid (ser'a-to-sil'i-koid), a, [As cer- 
ehtpodidai&nd bsthernda:, of the order Pnyllo- atosilic-ioug + *>/.'] Same as ceratosilicious 
poda. Properly Ceratophthalmata. Also keratosilicoid. 
ff _ ~f * j. ^I_IBU KvrctKivttwievoi 
Oeratophyllacea (ser'^-to-fi-la'se-e), n. pi. Oeratosilicoidea (ser'a-to-sil-i-koi'de-a), n. 
[NL., < CeratopJ,yllum + -acete.] A natural or- [NL.,< Cerato(idea) +"Silieoidea.] An'orde: 
fler ot plants, other gi-oup of sponges, intermediate betw< 
[L., < Gr. K^p/Jcpof.] 
In class, myth., the 
Cerberus. Antique bronze. 
containing a 
single genus 
with only one 
species, Cera- 
topiiyllum de- 
mersum (horn- 
wort). It Is a 
slender aquatic 
herb, with whorl - 
ed, finely dissect- 
ed, rigid leaves, 
and small, solitary, 
monoecious flow- 
ers, without calyx 
or corolla. It is 
common in pools 
or slow streams 
over a great part 
of the Worhl. 
pi. 
An order or 
group of sponges, intermediate between 
the Ceratoidea on the one hand and the Silicoi- cerca (ser'ka), n. ; pi. cerca; (-se). 
dea on the other : the siliciceratous sponges, incorrect form of ccrciis. 
They have skeletons of mixed ceratose fibers and silicloui 
Cerberus (ser'be-rus), n. 
watch-dog of tfie infer- 
nal regions, the offspring 
of the giant Typhaon 
and the serpent-woman 
Echidna. He is usually rep- 
resented with three heads, 
with the tail of a serpent, anil 
with serpents round his neck. 
2. [NL.] In herpet., a ge- 
nus of East Indian ser- 
pents, related to the py- 
thons, having the head 
entirely covered with 
small scales. 3. A con- 
stellation of Hevelius, 
formed out of four small 
stars of the constellation 
Hercules, and now obso- 
lete. 
[NL.] An 
spicules. Most sponges are of this character. Also Kera- 
tfmlicoidea. 
Ceratospongiae(ser''a-to-spon'ji-e), n.pl. [NL., 
< Gr. 
Homwort (CeratopHyllum demtrsuw}. 
Ceratophyllum (ser*a-to-fil'um), [NL., < 
Gr. nepas (Kfpar-), a horn, '+ 0Xov = L. folium, 
cereal (s^r'kal), a. [< cercus + -al] 1. Of 
or pertaining to the tail; caudal; coccygeal. 
[Little used. ] Specifically 2. Of or pertain- 
. ST^-V, a norn; + W on 'ci, a^spongl] JJJ^? ^ c | rci of an insect ' 
InClaus's system of classification, the second *\ ":. 8 ? e -; ^ff' 
order of the class Spongut; the horny sponges, cercana (ser-ka n-k),.;pl.cercarB(-). [NL., 
for the most part branched or with massive 
sponge-stocks, with a framework of horny 
fibers in which grains of silex and sand are 
embedded. Also Keratospongite. 
ceratospongian (ser'a-to-spon'ji-an), a. and . 
I. a. Of or pertaining to the Cerdiospongio!. 
II. H. A member of the Ceratospongite. 
ceratostoma (ser-a-tos'to-mS), n. ; pi. cerato- 
stomata (ser'a-to-sto'ma-ta)." [NL., < Gr. ntpaf 
(xepar-), a horn, '+ ar6/M, a mouth.] 1. In bot., 
zool., the second larval stage of a trematoid 
worm or fluke, named by O. P. Muller in 1786 as 
a genus of infusorians. It is a tadpole-like body, 
which becomes encysted and gives rise to the sexual forms. 
The cycle of forms is : 1, distoma, parent form ; 2, redia ; 
3, cercaria ; 4, encysted cercaria ; 5, distoma. The larva? 
are chiefly found in the bodies of mollusks, and the adult- 
in vertebrated animals, as birds. Bee redia, Dirtotna. 
The Redia . . . has a mouth and a simple caecal intes- 
tine, but no other organ. In its cavity a process of inter- 
nal gemmation takes place, giving rise to bodies resem- 
