Oerdale 
cunning, < w'prfof, gain.] A genus of fishes, typ- 
ical of Hie family '('i-rilnlitln: 
Cerdalidse (ser-dari-de), n. pi. [NL., < ('<>- 
dale + -crf<r.] In some systems of classifica- 
tion, a family of acanthopterygian fishes, repre- 
sented by the genus Ceraale, embracing eel-like 
lycodoid forms with small slit-like gill-aper- 
tures and anisocercal tail. I'erdale and Micro- 
desmus are western American genera. 
Cerdonian (scr-do'iii-an), . A member of a 
liiiostic sect of the second century, deriving 
its name from Cerdo, a Syrian teacher, who 
held that there were two first causes, one good 
and one evil, and that one was not subject 
or inferior to the other. The evil principle is re- 
tcalfd by the law and the prophets, anil known to men aa 
the Creator of the world, the piod principle being the 
unknown Father of Jesus I'hrist. The system of <Vrdo 
was very similar to that of Marc-ion, his pupil. See Mar- 
fiintitf. 
Cerdonist (s6r'do-nist), n. Same as Cerdonian. 
cere (ser), . [< F. cire = Pr. Sp. Pg. It. i-ern, 
wax, < L. cera, wax, = Or. iaii>6f, wax, = W. i-iri/r 
= 0orn. eoi> = Ir. and Gael, ccir, wax.] 1. Wax. 
2. In orititlt. : (a) Properly, a fleshy cutane- 
ous or membranous, sometimes feathered, cov- 
ering of the base of the upper mandible of a 
bird, as of all birds of prey and parrots: so 
called from its waxy appearance, it differs from 
the rest of the sheath of the hill in texture, and usually 
shows a plain line of demarkatiun. When such a structure 
is present, the nostrils are always pierced in its substance, 
or at least open at its edge. When feathered, as in sundry 
parrots, it appears to be wanting, hut its presence is rec- 
ognized hy the opening of the nostrils among the feathers 
which grow upon it. (6) A bare space about the 
base of the upper mandible, or a fleshy prom- 
inence in that situation, or a distinct part of 
the covering of the upper mandible, though of 
the same texture as the rest. 
A sort of false cere occurs in some water-birds, as the 
jaegers or skua-gulls. . . . The tumid nasal skin of pigeons 
is sometimes called a cere ; but the term had better be re- 
stricted to the birds first above named. 
Coues, Key to N. A. Birds, p. 102. 
Also eera and ceroma. 
cere (ser), v. t. ; pret. and pp. cered, ppr. cering. 
[Early mod. E. also cear, sear; = P. cirer (Sp. 
Pg. en-cerar = It. in-cerare), < L. cerare, cover 
with wax, < cera, wax : see cere, and cf . cere- 
ment."] To wax, or cover with wax, or with a 
cerecloth. 
Then was the bodye bowelled [t. e., disemboweled], em- 
bawmed and cered. Hall, Hen. VIII., an. 5. 
Let the silent years 
Be closed and cered over their memory, 
As yon mute marble where their corpses lie. 
Shettey, Julian and Maddalo. 
cereal (se're-al), a. and n. [= F. cereale = Sp. 
Pg. cereal = It. cereale, cereal, < L. Cerealis, 
pertaining to Ceres, the goddess of agriculture : 
see Ceres.] I. a. Pertaining or relating to edi- 
ble grain ; producing farinaceous seeds suitable 
for food Cereal grasses, grasses which produce edi- 
ble grain. 
II. n. A gramineous plant cultivated for the 
use of its farinaceous seeds as food; any one 
of the annual grain-plants, as wheat, rye, bar- 
ley, oats, rice, millet, or maize. 
Cerealia (se-re-a'li-a), n. pi. [L., neut. pi. of 
Cerealis, pertaining to Ceres: see cereal.] 1. 
In Bom. antiq., festivals in honor of the god- 
dess Ceres. 2. A systematic name of those 
Graminece, or grasses, which produce edible 
grains ; the cereals. 
Cerealian (se-re-a'li-an), a. [< L. Cerealis + 
-an.j Of or pertaining to Ceres or to the Cere- 
alia : as, Cerealian worship. 
cerealin, cerealine (se're-a-lin), n. [< cereal + 
-in 2 , -ine 2 .] A nitrogenous substance obtained 
from bran, closely resembling diastase in its 
power of transforming starch into dextrin, 
sugar, and lactic acid. 
cerealiousr (se-re-a'li-us), a. [< L. Cerealis (see 
cereal) + -ous.~] Cereal. 
The Greek word " spermata," generally expressing seeds, 
may signify any eduhous or cerealunu grains. 
Sir T. Browne, Tracts, p. 16. 
Oereanthidae, Cereanthus, etc. See Cerian- 
thida!, etc. 
cerebelt, (X L. cerebellum : see cerebellum.'] 
The cerebellum. Derham. 
cerebella, . Plural of cerebellum. 
cerebellar (ser-e-bel'ar), a. [< cerebellum + 
-a r. ] Pertaining or relating to the cerebellum. 
Cerebellar fossa, ganglion, etc. See the nouns. 
cerebellitis (ser"e-be-li'tis), n. [NL., < cere- 
bellum + -itis.~\ In patliol., inflammation of the 
cerebellum. 
57 
897 
cerebellospinal (ser-^-bel-6-spi'nal), a. [< L. 
<<>( he/In n/, ;i small brain, + xjiiim, spine, + 
-nl.'] Pertaining to both the cerebellum and 
the spinal cord. 
cerebellous (sor-o-bel'us), a. [< cerebellum + 
-ous.~] Relating to the cerebellum, especially 
to its vessels. [Rare.] 
cerebellum (ser-e-bel'um), n.; pi. a rilx'llu (-ii). 
[= F. rerrellr ='Pr. ccrn-ln. wrwlfl (< K. rere- 
belltt, pi.) = Sp. crrelteln = Pg. It. ccrebello, < L. 
(NL.)mvi<7/ii;H,aHinall brain, dim. of i-i-n limm, 
the brain: see cerebrum.'} 1. The littl brain or 
hind-brain of a vertebrate animal; a lobe of 
the brain developed on the dorsal side of the 
cerebrospinal axis, between the corpora, I|II;M|- 
rigemina in front and the medulla oblongata 
behind, and forming part of the roof of the 
fourth ventricle. The ponsVarolii is HI> ,,,],. > p ,,ii,li?ii: 
ventral portion of the cercbrospinal axis, and these two 
parts together are sometiiiK's rallrd th- t'lu-itcrpiialtin. In 
man the cerebellum is a well-developed mass, having an 
average weight of alioiit M ounces, occupying the inferior 
occipital fossa, and separated from the posterior portions 
of the cerebral hemispheres above by the tentonum. A 
median portion or vermis and two lateral hemispheres are 
distinguished, and these are divided by transverse clefts 
into thin, closely packe 1 laminic. The cerebellum has three 
pairs of peduncles by which it is connected with the rest 
of the brain : the superior peduncles, which join it with 
the cerebrum ; the middle peduncles, v\ hirh pass down on 
either side to form the pons Varolii ; and the inferior pe- 
duncles or restiform bodies, which connect it with the me- 
dulla oblongata. The surface of the lamineo is of gray mat- 
ter, while the interior is white, so that a section at right 
angles to the lamella- presents a foliaceous appearance, 
which has received the name of arbor-vita!. There are 
other masses of gray matter within, namely, the corpus 
dentatum, nucleus emholiformls, nucleus globosus, and nu- 
cleus fastigii. (See corpus una nucleus.) The cerebellum 
seems to be principally concerned with the coordination of 
voluntary movements. See cute under brain and corpus. 
2. In Insecta, the subesophageal ganglion, situ- 
ated in the lower part of the head, and con- 
nected with the supra-esophageal ganglion or 
cerebrum by two nerve-chords surrounding the 
gullet. [Rare.] -Digastric lobe of the cerebel- 
lum. a lobe of the cerebellar hemisphere on either side, 
on the lower surface, lying outside of the tonsil. Also 
called lobus biventer or biventral lobe, and lobwt cuneifor- 
mi. Ganglion of the cerebellum. Same as corpus 
dentatum, (a) (which see, under corpus). Great hori- 
zontal flssure of the cerebellum, a continuous fissure 
which separates the cerebellum into upper and lower por- 
tions. It begins in front at the middle peduncles, and ex- 
tends around the outer and posterior border of each hemi- 
sphere. Inclsura cerebelli anterior, the anterior me- 
dian notch of the cerebellum, into which the corpora quad- 
rlgemina are received. Inclsura cerebelli posterior, 
the median notch on the posterior outline of the cere- 
bellum, formed by the projection of the cerebellar hemi- 
spheres beyond the vermis. Ven- 
tricle of the cerebellum, the fourth 
ventricle or epicoele, a space between 
the medulla and pous in front and the 
cerebellum behind. 
cerebral (ser'e-bral), a. and n. 
[= F. cerebral '= Sp. Pg. cerebral 
= It. cerebrale, < NL. cerebralis, 
< L. cerebrum, the brain : see 
cerebrum.'] I. a. 1. Pertaining 
to the brain of a vertebrate ani- 
mal, whether to the whole brain 
or to the brain proper or cere- 
brum. 2. Pertaining to the an- 
terior or preoral ganglia of the 
nervous system in invertebrate 
cerebration 
poiychMous an' 
a ccrcbral . 
animals, regarded as the ana- giia. united by , 
logue or homologue of the ver- SffSfiSShS 
tebrate brain. These ganglia are the ventral ganglia 
commonly connected with the rest of J^Serse "onunu! 
the nervous system by an esophageal sures. 
ring, or commissural fibers encircling 
the anterior part of the alimentary canal. See esophageal 
ring, under esophageal. Cerebral carotid artery. 
Same as internal carotid. See carotid, n. Cerebral 
ganglia, in any invertebrate, ganglia of the nervous sys- 
tem situated in the head, or a part of the body considered 
as the head. Cerebral hemisphere, one of the two lat- 
eral halves forming the prosencephalon, or cerebrum in its 
most restricted sense. In man the cerebral hemispheres 
are highly developed, overlapping the cerebellum behind 
and the olfactory lobes in front, and the surface is highly 
convoluted with gyri and sulci. Each hemisphere is pri- 
marily divided into frontal, parietal, temporosphenoidal, 
and occipital lobes. The two hemispheres are connected 
with each other by the corpus callosum or great white com- 
missure, and with the cerebellum by the parts below. They 
consist chiefly of white matter invested with gray mat- 
ter, and contain ganglia of the latter In the interior. See 
11. Outer Convex Surface of the Right Cerebral Hemisphere. 
Letters Indicate convolutions, or gyri ; numf>ers, fissures, or sulci. 
A, quadrate lobule, or pr.rcuncus ; R, cuneus ; C, paracentral lobule, 
being the extension of the anterior ami posterior central convolution^ 
on in the median surface , A, frontal lobe, separated from the parict.il 
luU-l.y the central fissure, a, 3, a ; O,oci ij.it..! Ii M I lobe; 
T S, MttapMMphaaoldal lol*e; TH. Oft., Ihal.nmis r,|,tun-, : ,r Z, 
i'H[.ir, MJkMUnj X, genu. or anterior extremity, and Z, splcnium, 
or posterior extremity, of corpus i.iU'-sum. 
t, Sylvia n Assure; i . anterior branch of Sylvian Assure; 9, central 
fissure, or fissure of Rolando ; 3, intr.iparict.il fissure ; 4. first feinporo- 
sphenoid.il fissure, or parallel fissure ; p, pancto-occi|>ital (issurc ; 6, 
calloftomargmal fissure; 7. precentral fissure; 8, superior frontal As- 
sure ; 9, inferior frontal fissure ; 10, anterior occipital Assure ; u, infe- 
rior tetnporosphenoidal fissure ; 12, calcarinc fissure ; 13, collateral 
Assure. 
a, inferior frontal convolution; b, middle frontal convoIuT. 
superior frontal convolution ; ./, anterior central or ascending lrntit.il 
convolution; e, posterior central or ascending parietal convolution; 
/, supramarginal convolution ; jf, angular OMmMtttkM . A,*BMlfc>r or 
first tcmporosphenoidal convolution ; *, middle or second tcniporo- 
sphenoiclul convolution; /, inferior or third tcinpt'ru' | 
volution ; i, tirst anncctrnt <>r bridging convolution ; , second an- 
nectent or bridging convolution ; o, superior occipital convolution; /, 
middle occipital convolution ; g, inferior occipital convolution ; r, third 
annectent convolution ; t, fourth annectent convolution; /, maivin.il 
convolution ; u, gyms fornicatus, or callosal convolution ; ?. I 
fusifonnis, or external occipitotemporal convolution; n; lobulus lin- 
gualis, or median occipitotemporal convolution ; x, uncmate gyrus. 
brain. Cerebral Index, the ratio of tlie transverse to 
the anteropoatcrior diameter of the crunial cavity multi- 
plied iy loo. Cerebral letters, in phihil., a nauie often 
used for certain consonants which occur especially in 
the Sanskrit alphabet, and are 
formed by bringing the tip of 
the tongue backward and pla- 
cing its under surface against 
the roof of the mouth : an im- 
proper translation of the San- 
skrit term tnurdhanya, liter- 
ally, ' head sounds ' cephalica 
(from murdhan, the head, skull). 
They are also called lingual or 
cacuminal letters. Cerebral 
localization. See localization. 
Cerebral macula, blotches 
of red following on slight irri- 
tation of the skin, extending 
beyond the area irritated, and 
persisting for several minutes. 
They have been observed in a 
variety of nervous affections. 
Also called by the French name 
tacheg ctrtbrales. Cerebral 
vesicles, anterior, middle, and 
posterior, the three primitive 
hollow dilatations of the embry- 
onic brain ; the bra in -bladders. 
Primitive cerebral cleft. 
See otyL. 
U. n. A cerebral sound 
or letter. See I. 
Vertebrate Embryo (chick- 
en, third day of incubation), 
showing r, 3, 3, first, second, 
and third cerebral vesicles ; 
la, vesicle of the third ven- 
tricle : f, numerous proto- 
vertebra: ; f , heart ; h, eye ; 
f , ear ; Jk, visceral arches 
ind clefts ; .', m, anterior and 
Anterior End or 
I. Inner or Median Surface of the Right Cerebral Hemisphere. 
fvfr'n Vr>nl posterior folds of amnion, not 
(.Ser e-Dral- yct united over the body. 
izm), n. [< cerebral + 
-ism.] Inpsychol., the theory or doctrine that 
all mental operations arise from the activity of 
the cerebrum or brain. 
Cerebralism professes to be a science of the brain and its 
functions, both vital and psychical, . . . the more exact 
and comprehensive knowledge of the brain on which the 
cerehralists build. A*. Porter, Human Intellect, 41. 
cerebralist (ser'e-bral-ist), n. [< cerebral + 
-ist.] One who liolds the doctrine or theory of 
cerebralism. 
cerebralization (ser"e-bral-i-za'shon), n. [< 
cerebralize + -ation.~\ In pliilol., enunciation by 
bringing the tip of the tongue upward against 
the palate. 
cerebralize (ser'e-bral-Iz), t: t'. ; pret. and pp. 
cerebralized, ppr. cerebralizing. [< cerebral + 
-ize.~\ To pronounce as a cerebral, that is, by 
bringing the tip of the tongue upward against 
the palate ; treat, consider, or mark as a cere- 
bral. 
cerebrasthenia (ser'e-bras-the'ni-a), n. [NL., 
< L. cerebrum, the brain, + NL. asthenia, q. v.] 
Nervous debility of the brain. 
cerebrasthenic (ser'e-bras-then'ik), a. [< cere- 
brasthenia + -if.] Pertaining to, resulting from, 
or affected with cerebrasthenia: as, cerebras- 
thenic insanity. 
cerebrate (ser'e-brat), . i. : pret. and pp. cere- 
brated, ppr. cerebrating. [< cerebrum + -ate 2 .] 
To have the brain in action; exhibit brain- 
action. Also cerebrize. 
The mind is never wholly idle and never fully under 
control ; in response to external or internal suggestions 
we are always cerebrating. A*. A. Rev, 
cerebration (ser-e-bra'shon), n. [< cerebrate : 
see -ation.] Exertion or "action of the brain, 
conscious or unconscious. 
This principle of action was expounded by Dr. Carpen- 
ter under the designation of " unconscious cerebration " in 
the fourth edition of his " Human Physiology," published 
