cestus 
ed erxtmirii) to render their blows more effec- 
tive. At llrst the cestns was worn reaching in. higher 
than the wrist, tint it was afterward extended to tin- el- 
Ixjws, waa more heavily weighted, ami l>ecame, particular- 
ly among the Romany, a terrible weapon. 
Cestuy, . See. (TKlili. 
cestvaen (kest'va-en or -van), n. Same as 
eM*. 
cesura, caesura (se-zu'rji), n. ; pi. rrmirux, CII-KII- 
ni' (-riiz. -re). [= F. ci-xure = Sp. Pg. It. i-txii- 
ra = I). cat'Siiur = G. rasur = Dan. ctMitr, < L. 
cirxiirn, lit. a cut t ing, < nnli-n; pp. nrxiix, put.] 
In /ros., a division made in a lino by the ter- 
mination of a word, especially when this coin- 
cides with a pause in delivery or recitation. 
Strictly, cesura is the di\i>ion mail'- by tin- termination 
of a word within a foot, the dmM<>u Ol r;i-i'mrd by tile 
ronrnrrenee of the end of a word with tin- end of a foot 
being called iHeresix. This distinction of terms is not, hmv- 
ever, generally observed in treating of modern poetry. 
A i<i:t*''iiliiu> cesitra is one wbicti iniiii''di:itcly follows a 
syllabic bearing the ictus or metrical accent ; a /'<-,, i/niu,' 
cesilra in one which succeed . a iiu'tnrally unaccented syl- 
lable. Acesnra is r.-dlrd t< ii/i. ,n>nf,-i>!. ]> //'/<,/< 
or lii'j>litln'niii/i'','iit, according as it occurs in the middle 
of the second, third, or fourth foot. In the dactylic hex- 
ameter the cesura after the tlrst of the two short syllables 
of the dactyl is called tin: tnifhaie cegura or ce#urn irl'l>->- 
Iff trochee (of the second, third, or fourth foot, as the case 
may be). In the same kind of verse a division at the end 
of the fourth foot is called a ' .". more accu- 
rately a bucolic tliermiK. In the following examples the 
cesura is marked by a dairger(t), thedieresis by a parallel 
(II). Thus, in the lines of Kngli.sh heroic verse (iambic pen- 
tapody) given below there is a dieresis after the third foot 
of the first line, and a cesura in the fourth and third feet 
of the second and third lines respectively. 
lieforc j the hills I appear'd, || Or foun | tain flow'd, 
Thou with I fiter | nal Wis | dom t didst I converse, 
BOD 
crystalline matter obtained from the cavity of 
the cranium of spermaceti and other whales. 
cetate (se'tat), . [<wf(40) + -afel.] A salt of 
cetic acid. 
cete 1 (set;, . [< L. rtrtus, an assembly, gather- 
in";: .see I'lii/ii.i.] A company: a number to- 
gether: said of badgers. Xirutt. Sports and 
I'nstiines, p. 80. 
Cete-t (set), n. [< L. rrtiir.; < (ir. M/TIH;, a whale: 
see IT! 11,1. ami cf. I 'i-li ''.] A whale. 
Cete :; (M'tfi), n. lil. [NL..< (Jr. ki,r>i, uneontr. 
i ; . an\ sea-moii8ter or large lish, 
particularly a whale: see wins, and cf. /<'-', 
fi lui'in.\ 1. An order of nion(idel]iliian MIIIM- 
iinilin, superorder EiliiruliHin. containing the 
true cetaceans, as whales, dolphins, etc. It 
is naturally divisible into three suborders : the Zeuylo. 
il'ni t''-'. lll'.st!) eUinrl ; tbc !> nti'-^ti . ol" t''othr<! ,-,'trir--; t iis. 
as the sperm whales, dolphins, and porpoises; and tbc 
Mil*tl, ;(:. ol- \\halrhollc \\ h;ili--. '1 he ^cn<-| a :i nil sj.cci.-s 
arc very iiuiner,,ns. and HIV arranged under In families. 
The Cfte are i hann ti i i/.rd tiy )iaviir_- tbc pelvis and hind 
limbs more or less completely atrophied ; a tlsli-like Unl> , 
sjirciali/i d tin ai|Uatic ]! i i-rosinn. and endinu' in a hori- 
/ontal tail or Mukes: sliort fore limbs like tins or tlippn-. 
one at least of the digits having more than :; phalan^i s ; 
the neck n-.uall> sliorl : and a greater or li-ss numbi -i 
iii\ir;i] \ ri'ti'lir;! 1 ;i!ik\!i.-rd ("_''( her. The dentition is 
monophyodont, and the teeth are conic or compressed 
when present. Also Ceta, O'" 
2. In some systems of zoological classification, 
a suborder of Ci tiimri>lia. Also C'eln. 
cetene (se'ten), n. [For cetyleiie, < crtyt + -< < .] 
A colorless, oily, liquid hydrocarbon (CigH32) 
obtained from cetylic alcohol. Also called ce- 
Cetraria 
like mammals, iticludin<; the Siri'iiiii. or herbiv- 
orous cftaceaiis. as they were formerly called 
(the manatee, halicnre, 
I 'i'li or ( 'i lui-i a priiiicr. 
as the whales, por- 
poises. dolphins, eto, 
cetomprphic (se-t..- 
nior'tik). a. [As < , tn- 
m'lfjilul + -ir. ] Konneil 
like a whale; having 
cetacean structure or 
aflinities: ol'ur pei-taiu 
ins; to the Cr/iiiiiiir/iliit. 
Cetonia (se-t(.'ni-;ii, . 
[ NL. ] A (,'enus of la- 
mellicorn beetles, re- 
ferred to the Nriii-iiliir- 
t<te, and made type of a 
subfamily ('i-liniiim r. .. r 
furnishing the name of 
a distinct family Ci iim 
in-' -I ..... tie or rose-ohafer. 
cetonian (Ne-to'ni-an), a. and . 
. etc. i. with the 
Roae hcfftle ( Ctttmia ar tf.i . 
Vertical line shows natural M/C. 
C. diirata is the 
<i>i.] I. n. Of or pertaining to the (.'rtimiimr. 
U. . A 
, 
Wisdom | thy sis | ter, t and | with her | didst | play. 
Mi/Inn, I'. 1.., vii. 
A cesura occurs in the fourth foot of this Iambic hexapody 
(trimeter): 
TO death's | benum | niing 6 | pinm t as | m? on I 1J cure. 
Milton, 8. A., 1. 830. 
The remaining examples show different cesuras in the 
dactylic hexameter. One of the most usual is the penthe- 
niimcral : as, 
Naught bat trft | dition re \ mains t Of the | beautiful | 
village Of | Grand-Pre. Longfellow, Evangeline, Int. 
The trochaic cesura of the third foot is also very frequent : 
as, 
This Is the ! forest prl | meval. t The | murmuring | pines 
and the | hemlocks. Longfellow, Evangeline, Int. 
An example of the bucolic cesura (dieresis) combined (as 
is frequent) with the penthemimeral is : 
WS 6ur | cfiuntry | fly, t thou, | Tityrtts, II stretched In the 
| shadow. Longfellow, tr. of Virgil's Eclogue, i. 
The hephthemimeral is generally preceded by a trithe- 
numeral as secondary cesura : as, 
Bearded with I moss, t and In | garments ' green, t Indls- 
| tinct In the | twilight. Longfellow, Evangeline, Int. 
cesural, caesural (se-zu'ral), a. [< cesura, 
caesura, + -a/.] Pertaining "to or constituting 
a cesura. 
It Is but a caaural pause, and anon the curtain lifts. 
D. 0. Mitchell, Wet Days. 
cesuret, [Cf. F. cesure, cutting, section, now 
cesure, cesura, < L. ccesura : see cesura.] Same 
as cesura. 
Vulgar languages that want 
Words, and sweetness, and be scant 
Of true measure, 
Tyrant rhyme hath so abused, 
That they long since have refused 
Other cesure. 
B. Jonson, Underwoods, xlviii. 
cesuric, caesuric (se-zu'rik), . [< cesura, ca-- 
sura, + -j'c.] Of, pertaining to, or produced by 
cesura or pause. 
The great goal before the poet is to compel the listener 
to expect his cteguric effects. Encyc. Brit., XIX. 262. 
Ceta (se'ta), n. pi. [NL., prop. Cete or Cetca, 
< Or. Kfrrea, contr. Ktrnj: see Cete 3 .] Same as 
Cetacea (se-ta'se-S), n. pi. [NL. (Blumen- 
bach, 1799), neut. pi. of cetaceus : see cetace- 
ous.'] 1. Formerly, the systematic name of ani- 
mals of the whale kind in general, including 
the sirenians or herbivorous cetaceans and the 
cetaceans proper: same as Cetomorpha. 2. 
Same as CeteS, 1. 
cetacean (se-ta'shian), a. and n. [< Cetacea + 
-an.} I. a. Pertaining to the whale, or to the 
Cetacea. 
II. . An animal of the order Cete; a whale, 
or one of the whale kind __ Herbivorous ceta- 
ceans. See herbivorous. 
cetaceous (se-ta'shius), a. [= Sp. cetdceo = 
Pg. It. cetaceo, < NL. cetaceus, < L. cetus, < Or. 
nf/Tof , a whale : see cete 2 and cetus.] Pertain- 
ing to the whale ; belonging to the Cetacea or 
whale kind. 
cetaceum (se-ta'se-um), n. [NL., neut. of ceta- 
ceus : see cetaceous.] An oily, semi-transparent 
Ceteosaurus, n. See Cetiosaurus. 
ceterach (set'e-rak), n. [= F. ceterac = It. ce- 
triii'i-a, < ML. cetcrah = MGr. Kira/ian ; of Eastern 
origin.] The scaly fern or miltwaste, Aspleni- 
um Ceterach, a native of Europe and western 
Asia. 
ceteris paribus (set'e-ris par'i-bus). [L.: cete- 
ris, abl. pi. of ceterum, neut. of ceterus, other; 
paribus, abl. pi. of par, equal : see par.] Liter- 
ally, other things being equal; being evenly 
matched in other respects; other conditions 
corresponding, etc. : as, crtirix paribux, a large 
man is generally stronger than a small one. 
cetewalet, n. An obsolete name of zedoary. 
Chaucer. 
cetic (se'tik), a. [< L. cetus, a whale (see cetus), 
+ -ic.] Pertaining to the whale Cetic add, an 
acid produced, according to Heintz, in very small quanti- 
ty in the saponincation of spermaceti. It crystallizes in 
nacreous scales, grouped in stars, melting at 53.5* C. 
ceticide (se'ti-sid), . [< L. cetus, a whale (see 
cetus), + -cida, a killer, < cccdere, kill.] A whale- 
killer. Southey. [Rare.] 
cetin, cetine (se'tin), n. [< L. cetus, a whale 
(see cetus), + -in 2 , -iiir%.] The fatty crystalliz- 
able matter which forms the essential part of 
spermaceti. 
cetin-elaic (se'tin-e-la'ik), a. Derived from 
cetin-elaine Cetln-elalc add, a fatty acid obtained 
from cetin-elaine by saponincation with an alkali. It re- 
sembles but is distinct from oleic acid. U. S. Dip., p. 396. 
cetin-elaine (se*tin-e-la'in), n. A fat dissolved 
by alcohol from spermaceti, and obtained by 
evaporating the alcoholic solution. 
cetiosaurian (se"ti-o-sa'ri-an), n. [< CeUoxau- 
rus. Cf. saurian.] ' A member of the genus 
Cetiosaurus. 
Cetiosaurus, Ceteosaurus (se'ti-, se'te-o-sa'- 
rus), . [NL., < Gr. nf/rfiof, of sea-monsters, 
monstrous (< w/rof, a sea-monster, a whale : see 
cetus),+ oavpoc, a lizard.] A genus of gigantic 
fossil dinosaurian reptiles, the species of which 
attained a length of from CO to 70 feet, found 
in the Oolite and Wealden formations. 
cetochilid (se-to-kil'id), . A crustacean of the 
family Cetochilidte. 
Cetochilidse (se-to-kil'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Cetochilus + -ida:] A family of copepods, tak- 
ing name from the genus Cetochilus. 
Cetochilus (se-to-ki'lus), n. [NL., < Gr. idjrof, 
a whale, + X'^-tit fodder, forage.] A genus of 
copepod crustaceans, typical of a family Ceto- 
chilitUr, or referred to a family Calanicfa: so 
called because a species, Cetochilus septentrio- 
nalis, forms a principal part of the food of 
whales. 
cetological (se-to-loj'i-kal), a. [< cetology + 
-ical : see loaical.] Pertaining to cetology. 
cetologist (se-tol'o-jist), n. [< cetology + -ist.] 
One versed in cetology. 
cetology (se-tol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. K^TOC, a whale, + 
-)j>yia, < Ijyeiv, speak : see -ology.] The descrip- 
tion or natural nistory of cetaceous animals. 
Cetomorpha (se-to-m6r'fa), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
la/rot, a whale, + /u>p<l>>i, form.] A series of whale- 
[< 'i liiniii 
e (.'rtimiim 
scarabaioid beetle of the subfamily 
' ': li'lliiltU'. 
Cetoniidae (se-to-ni'i-de), n. ]>l. [XL., < <'<- 
Ion in + -iila:] The subfamily Cetoniina: ele- 
vated to the rank of a family. Also written 
Ci'tiniinilii'. 
Cetoniinae (se-to-ni-i'ne), w. pi. [NL., < Ceto- 
nia + -inn'.] A subfamily of the ScaraTxeidce, 
typified by the genus Cetonia; a group of beau- 
tiful beetles, the floral beetles, living among 
plants and flowers. They have short lO-jointcd an- 
tennae, the last three joints being elongated and lamelli- 
form. Nothing can exceed the brilliancy of the colon 
with which many of them are adorned. The typical genui 
is Cetonia,. 
The sub-family Cetoniinee is often treated as a distinct 
family; it is differentiated chiefly by the position of the 
mesothoracic epimera. Paitcoe, Zool. Class., p. 141. 
cetorhinid (se-to-rin'id), n. A selachian of the 
family I'l-tnrhinidte. 
Cetorhinidse (se-to-rin'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Cctorltinus + -idte.] A family of anarthrous 
sharks, represented by the genus Cetorhinu*. 
The teeth are excessively small ; the branchiic have long 
fringes ; the five branchial apertures are extremely cleft, 
almost girdling the neck, and the eyes are very small. 
The only certain species is the bashing-shark, Cetorhinu* 
inaximits. 
cetorhinoid (se-to-ri'noid), a. and . [< Ceto- 
rliinus + -aid.] I. a. Of or resembling the Ce- 
torhinida;. 
II. . A cetorhinid. 
Cetorhinus (se-to-ri'nus), . [NL., < Gr. idfr-of, 
a whale, + pivi/, a shark with a rough skin used 
like shagreen for polishing wood, etc., lit. a 
file or rasp.] The typical genus of sharks of 
the family Cetorhinid^, containing a species of 
great size, approaching a whale in dimensions, 
whence the name. This is the basking-shark, 
C. maiimus, which attains a length of 30 feet. 
See cut under basking-sltarh. 
cetotolite (se-tot'o-lit), n. [< Gr. KJ/TOC, a whale, 
+ otif (<""-), an ear, + //flof, a stone.] A name 
of certain fossil cetaceous ear-bones, occurring 
in such profusion in the Upper Tertiary forma- 
tion, as the red crag of Suffolk, Engla'nd, that 
superphosphate of potash is prepared from 
them on an extensive scale, and used as ma- 
nure for land. The ear-lmnes are the tympanic and pe- 
trosal, a characteristic and very durable part of the skull 
of cetaceans, readily detached from the rest. 
cetrarate (se-tra'rat), n. [< cetrar(if) + -atcl.] 
A compound formed by the combination of ce- 
traric acid with another substance Ammonium 
cetrarate, a compound of cetraric acid with ammonia. 
Cetraria (se-tra'ri-ii), n. [NL. (so called from 
the shape of the apothecia), < L. cetra, better 
(xetra, a short Spanish shield, prob. of Hispanic 
origin.] A genus of 
lichens, related to 
Leddea. They have a 
rigid, erect, and branch- 
ing brown thallus, with 
lateral apothecia. The 
best-known species is C. 
Islandica, or Iceland 
moss, which is abundant 
in high northern latitudes 
and found in many other 
parts of the glol>e. It has 
a slightly bitter ta-tc. and 
when wet becomes soft 
and mucilaginous, boll- 
ing water extracts a large 
proportion of llchenin or 
lichen-starch, which is a 
modification of cellulose. 
Iceland moss had repute formerly as a remedy in pulmo- 
nary complaints, and is still used as a mild mucilaginous 
tonic and as a nutritious article of diet. 
Cttraria. 
