chack 
den stroke. 3. To take hold of suddenly. 4. 
In tin- inii><ri/r, to jerk or toss (the head), us a 
horse, in order to UMkra the strain of the bridle. 
chack 2 (chak), n. [Origin obscure.] A slight 
repast; luncheon ; a snack: as. "a clmd; of din- 
ner," (litlt. Also died,', rhiitt. [Scotch.] Fam- 
ily chack, a family iliinn-r : a dinner or linn-hron - n _i,t. 
mill'', or without special preparation or formality. 
He seasoned III is dismission liy a kind and hospitable in 
vitatiun, " to come back and take part o liis/(/i/i'7//-<7/<i', 
Ml alir piveeesel).' ,SVi/, Roll Hoy, XXIV. 
chack :! , chacker, chack-bird (chak, chak'er, 
chak'herd), . [He. chuck, also check, iind coni|i. 
xtiiiic-ehnckcr, -checker, the wheatoar, also the 
stoneohat; var. of chat*.] Local British names 
of the wheatcar, Nnj-icn/n n mnil/ic. Mnii/ti>/n. 
chack 4 (chak), n. and ?. A Scotch form of check. 
chackle (chak'l), v. '. ; prot. and pp. dmcklnl, 
ppr. chnckliiiii. [VaT. of clinlter; cf. ctiiicl.' 1 , 
flint 1 .'] To chatter. [Prov. Eng.] 
chackstone(chak'ston), ii. Ajackstone. [Eng.] 
chacma (chak'mii), . Tlie Hottentot name of 
a Son t.h Africa 11 Suxxo^OgnocwMnponetfitu. 
chaco (cliak'ol, . [S. Amor.] The native name 
of an unctuous earth found at La Paz, Bolivia, 
which is made into pats and eaten with choco- 
late. 
chaconne, chacone (sha-kon', -kon'), n. [< F. 
fliucniiiic = It. cincHHiui, < Sp. cliacona, a dance, 
an air.] 1. An old dauce or saraband, proba- 
bly of Moorish or Spanish origin. 2. A mu- 
sical composition in the movement of such a 
dance, in slow tempo, nsually in triple rhythm, 
and properly consisting of a series of varia- 
tions upon a ground-bass of eight bars' length. 
It closely resembles the passacaglia. 
chacuru (cha-ko'ro), . [S. Amer.] The na- 
tive name of Bucco chacuru, a South American 
barbet or puff-bird, barred above with brown 
and black, having two black stripes on each side 
of the head and a very stout red beak. 
chad 1 (chad), n. If. An obsolete form of shad, 
2. The name in Cornwall, England, of the 
young of the common sea-bream, Pagellus cen- 
trodontus. 
chad'- 5 (chad), n. [E. dial. var. of chat*, q. v.] 
1. A dry twig: same as chat 4 . 2. Dry, bushy 
fragments found among food. [Prov. Eng. in 
botn senses, usually in plural.] 
chadam (chad'am), n. [E. Ind.] An imagi- 
nary money of account in some parts of Asia, 
representing 25 cowries, or 2i mills. Simmonds. 
chadar, n. See chudder. 
chadding (chad'ing), . [Verbal n. of *c/(rf 2 , 
., < chad 2 , .] Gathering twigs. [Prov. Eng.] 
chadlock (chad'lok), n. A dialectal variant of 
charlock. 
chad-penny (chad'pen"i), n. A contribution 
made at Whitsunday to aid in keeping in repair 
Lichfleld cathedral, England, which is dedicated 
to St. Chad. [Local, Eng.] 
chaenichthyid (ke-nik'thi-id), n. A fish of the 
t'amil v ( 'litsiiich thi/idce. 
Chaenichthyidse (ke-nik-thi'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Clueniehtnys + -idle.] A family of acanthop- 
terygian fishes, typified by the genus CluEitich- 
thijs, and including those Notomenoidea which 
have the snout produced and spatuliform, the 
body mostly naked, and two dorsal fins, the first 
of which is short and the second long. The 
few species known are confined to the antarctic 
seas. 
Chaenichthys (ke-nik^this), n. [NL., irreg. < 
Gr. xaiveiv, gape, + ix&i'c, fish.] A genus of 
acanthopterygian fishes, typical of the family 
Ch cen ich thuidai. 
chsenopsid (ke-nop'sid), . A fish of the family 
C'liienoi>ni<lie. 
Chaenopsidae (ke-nop'si-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Clitenopsis + -idee.] A family of blennioid fish- 
es, represented by the genus Chtenopsis. The 
body is elongated, compressed, and naked ; the head elon- 
gated and with the i>ostocular region much developed ; 
the hranchiostegal membrane conspicuous externally and 
free from the throat ; the dorsal fin long, with the anterior 
rays inarticulate and the remainder articulate; and the 
ventrals a little in advance of the pectorals and having 
two or three rays. The only known species is the Clue- 
iit>li.<ix wi'llatux, a rare flsh of the Caribbean sea. 
Chaenopsis (ke-nop'sis), n. [NL. (Gill, 1865), 
irreg. < Gr. ^a/priv, yawn, + o^c, look, face.] 
The typical genus of the family Cluenopsidn'. 
Chaerophyllum (ke-ro-nl'um), . [NL., in L. 
fhivrephylu-m (usually cirrefolium, > ult. E. cher- 
vil), < Gr. xaiptyv'/,/jn>, chervil : see chervil.] A 
genus of plants, natural order Vmbelliferce, con- 
sist ing of about 30 species, natives of the north- 
ern hemisphere. The more common European 
species are popularly called chervil (which see). 
907 
Chaeta (ke/ta), ,/. ; pi. dnclic (-te). | M,., < Gr. 
Xn'T'i, long, loose, Bowing hair, a horse's main-, 
eie.| In :.V/., a bristle; a seta: used chiefly 
in composition. 
Chaetetes (kct'c-te/,), Same as Cha-titcs. 
Chaetetidae (ke-'tct'i-de), . />/. Same as Clurli 
tida: 
Chaetifera (ke-tifv-rji), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi. 
of chiftij'eriiK : see dm lifcrnnx. anil cf. I'hii'ln- 
phora 1 .] An ordinal or other group of gephy- 
reans which have chu'tm or setas. Tlie> an- char. 
;i' d i i/ (l | h\ having two hlrnn^' \< uti-.-il hristlr.s. thr nioiith 
at tin- li:i- nl tin probo-ri.*. .-iin! th.- arms trnnillal. The 
ynjii|i i-ontiiins the l'aiiiilir> l-'.,'lii,n-ln- ami /; 
U distiliKliirihcd from A>-lnt'l>i. ANn ralh-il Ai-tHiltti. 
Chaetiferi (ke-tife-n). . pi. [NL., pi. of d,- 
tij'min : see diirti/i run*.] Same us I'hii-liJ'eni. 
chaetiferous (k6-Uf'e-rus), n. [< XL. tHueSferus, 
< dui'ta, q. v., -f- \j.j'c.rrc= E. bear*. Cf. dnr/u- 
l>lii>roiitt.~] Bearing chffitBB or bristles; setifer- 
ous or setigerous ; specifically, of or pertaining 
to the t'lin-lifi-rii. 
Chaetites (k'et'i-tez), . [NL., < Gr. jam/, 
mane (NL. clin'ta, bristle), + '/JOnf, stone.] The 
typical genus of the family Chaititidfe. Also 
< 'IllVlctfS. 
Chaetitid33 (ke-tit'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Cha- 
tilc.* + -idie."\ A family of fossil tabulate cor- 
als occurring in several geological formations, 
from the Silurian to the Permian. Also t 'hu- 
ll liilir. 
Ohaetocercus (ke-to-ser'kus), n. [NL., < Gr. 
jam?, mane (NL. clia'ta, bristle), + Ke/mof, tail.] 
1. A genus of humming-birds. G. K. Gray, 
1853. 2. A genus or subgenus of kangaroo- 
rats, of the family Dasyurida: and subtamily 
Dasyurina' or I'haacolitgaliwe. It is detached from 
Phaxcvloyale on account of the crested compressed tail and 
the lack of one lower premolar tooth. C. cristicauda is 
the type. Krr/t, 18S6. 
Chastoderma (ke-to-der'ma), n. [NL., < Gr. 
X^'Tr/, mane (NL. cluvta, bristle), + M/>/M, skin.] 
1. A genus of supposed gephyrean worms hav- 
ing minute calcified spines in the integument, 
whence the name : now regarded as a genus of 
gastropodous mollusks, and made the type of 
an order Chaetodermata. Loven, 1845. 2. [Used 
as a plural.] Same as Cha-todermata. Lankes- 
ter, Encyc. Brit. 
Chaetodermata (ke-to-der'ma-ta), n. pi. [NL., 
pi. of Cli(cto(lerma(t-)."\ An order of shell-less 
isopleural gastropods, represented by the genus 
Chcetoderma. 
Chaetodermatidae (ke*to-der-mat'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Ch(Et<>dcrma(t-) + -id(C.] The family 
of gastropods which is represented by the ge- 
nus Clxetoderma. The body is vermiform and sub- 
cylindrical, with a swelling at each end, the anterior oral 
and the posterior anal ; the intestine has a hepatic sac ; 
there are two anal branchial ; and there is a median, 
strong, chitinous pharyngeal tooth, corresponding to the 
radula of typical gastropods. The only known species is 
the Chaetnderma nitidulum of the European seas. 
chaetodennatous (ke-to-d6r'ma-tus), . [< 
Clia'todernin(t-) + -ons.~\ Having a chrotiferous 
integument ; specifically, pertaining to or hav- 
ing the characters of the Chmtodermata. 
Chaetodiptems (ke-to-dip'te-rus), n. [NL., < 
Cha'to(dmi) + Gr. (Kjmpof, two-finned : so named 
because it was considered to be like Cha-todon, 
but distinguished by having two dorsal fins.] 
Chaetophora 
: sn iiameil from the slender bris- 
tle-likechar:h-tcr f>f the teeth, which arc clo-i -1 y 
crowdeil tiiL'eih'T. TO ii hai 
Hot only all 1 lie CfuBtodmMdif, I'll! -LIIH nlli. I I. ,un- lilllr 
l-rlati-il I" II. T.l I Kill- UlillT- it i- IV-tlii led I" -llrll 
t- ' '!,' ! . n> tt ;IIM| ' 
Chaetodonidae (k6-t$-don'i-de), . pi. Same as 
('In i tuiliniiiilii a.- used by former writers. Ximiii- 
xnii, L839. 
chaetodont (kf-'tfwlont), . and M. I. '(. Per- 
taining In tin' I /'ii luiliiii/ii/iliii or Clui'tiitli'iitidii'. 
*n- -I. l:idninl.-,'in. 
II. n. Same as dui'toilmitiil. 
Chaetodontid (kr-lo-don'tid), w. A fish ol the 
family OuBtOaOntUUS. 
Chaetodontidae (k'--to-don'ti-de), ii.pl. [NL., 
< ('liii'tinliiii(l-) + -iiln .] A I'amily of acanthop- 
t. i \Lrian or spiny-liinifcl fishes, typilied by the 
genus I'liii'liiilnii, of varying limits with differ- 
ent writers. Ity fonne r writers it was used for a group 
corresponding to that called by many ichthyologists .S'yiio- 
Muonfish, or Porgy (Cftatixtifttrus/aifer}. 
(From Report of U. S. Fish Commission, 1884.) 
A genus of chtetodontoid fishes, of the family 
Ephippiida?. C. faber is a species of the Atlantic coast 
of North America, locally known as the moimjinh and 
porgy (but very different from the porgy of New York). 
C. zonatus is a species of the I'acinc coast. 
Chaetodqn (ke'to-don), n. [NL., < Gr. x a ' Tr /< 
mane (NL. chteta, bristle), + oMf (ooWr-) = E. 
tooth.] The typical genus of fishes of the family 
Chatoden lunula. 
miyinnes. By late ichthyologists it is restricted to Chat- 
toatnitoidea , with a single entire dorsal flu, branchial aper- 
tures confluent below, and the post-temporal l>ones un- 
divided and articulating by a single process with the 
cranium. It includes numerous tropical sea-ftshea of 
rather small or moderate size, most of which frequent 
coral reefs. They are generally remarkable for the con- 
trast and beauty of their colors. 
Chaetodontina (ke"to-don-ti'na), .;>/. [NL., < 
Chtetotli>n(t-) + -ia a .] In Gunthers system of 
classification, the first group of Squamipitincs, 
characterized by the absence of palatine and 
vomerine teeth : nearly the same as the family 
Chtetodnn tMce of recent authors. 
chaetodontoid(ke-to-dou'toid),a. and . I. a. 
Resembling or having the characters of the 
t'ha'todontoidea. 
II. n. A member of the Chti'todonMdea. 
Chaetodontoidea (ke"to-don-toi'de-ii), n. pi. 
[NL., < Cha;todon(t-) + -oidea.] A superfam- 
ily of chtttodont fishes. It contains several fami- 
lies, having peculiarly modified vertebra? and hasioccipi- 
lal bone, vertically extended lamellar upper pharyngeal 
bones, and a much compressed Itody with its integument 
encroaching upon the dorsal and anal fins. 
chaetognath (ke'tog-nath), a. and n. I. a. Of or 
pertaining to the Chirtognatha ; chsetognathous. 
II. n. A member of the Cha-tognatha . 
Chaetognatha (ke-tog'na-tha), . pi. [NL., 
neut. pi. of cha:tognathus : see clia-tognathouis.] 
A group of transparent animals consisting of 
the family Sagittidii 1 , the affinities of which are 
still undetermined. They resemble the nematoid 
worms and oligochietoiis annelids in structure, while their 
mode of development is peculiar, presenting some points 
of resemblance to that of hrachioj>ods and cchinoderms. 
The group is now made a separate class of the branch 
Vfrmen. 
chsetognathous (ke-tog'na-thus), a. [< NL. 
cha'tognathun, < Gr. x a ' Tt l, mane (NL. chtrta, 
bristle), + ]vA8of, jaw.] Pertaining to or hav- 
ing the characters of the OuBtognama. 
Chaetomium (ke-to'mi-um), . [NL., < Gr. 
xa-iT'l, mane (NL. cha'ta, bristle).] A genus of 
ascomycetous fungi which grow upon paper 
(sometimes in books), straw, and similar sub- 
stances, frequently producing red or yellow 
spots. The fructification consists of superficially home 
perithecia, clothed with hairs or minute bristles and con- 
taining asci and spores. The asci are very delicate, and 
are easily ruptured, so that only the spores are com- 
monly seen. 
ChaetonotUS (ke-to-no'tus), . [NL.,< Gr. jam?, 
mane (NL. clia'ta, bristle), + vtirof, the back.] 
A genus of minute aquatic worm-like animals 
of uncertain position, referred by Ehrenberg 
to the rotifers, by Dujardin to the infusori- 
ans ; and they are placed by some writers with 
lehtliyiflinm in the order of oligocheptous an- 
nelids, and by others with Iclttliyidium and 
some related genera in a separate class Gas- 
trotricha. 
Chaetophora 1 (ke-tof'o-ra), n. pi. [NL., neut. 
pi. of cho'tophorvs : see chtrtophormis.] In sool., 
a division of annelids including those which 
