chair 
office itself; especially, tin- ottiee of a professor ; a pro- 
fessorship : as, tn Imlcl tin' ehttir of logic (ir divinity; to 
foiiiul ii rlniir ill -.\ university. |ln tin- medieval universi- 
ties tlic lecturer alone wit in a chair, anil the hear.js on 
Hi.' rushes. | 
Tin' Main Hi' lastlM 
Supplied with worthy in. n. NA.it., Cor., iii. X. 
Nor does it fllllnw. even when ;t rlt"ii- is founded ill eo||. 
nrrtiiiii with n well-known institution, Unit it has cither a 
.Hillary or an occupant. ". II'. //../. ...., Meil. i'.ssays, p. 87. 
(//) The incumbent of a seat of authority, a professor or 
the like ; now, specifically. the rhainnan or presiding olll- 
i'rr of an a.einlilai;c : as, to addrcv, or support the c/.ii.V. 
Let our universities. my I.onl, no longer remain.' thus 
silent. . . . Let It not be said, your CA<rtr take no notice 
of a more peruieioiiH plot than any that yet has alarm'.! 
Hh. /-.'IV/I/H, To till' Ilisllop of llxfonl. 
3. One of four conventions connected with the 
eisteddfod of \V;iles, in which bardic matters 
are discussed and disciples trained in prepara- 
tion for the great gorsedd or a-sembly. 
4f. A sedan-chair. 
Think what a ..... inipace tlioii hast in air, 
Anil view with scorn two pa'^es anil a rA.nV. 
/'..;..', R. of the L., i. 4. 
5f. A two- wheeled carriage drawn by one horse ; 
a chaise ; a gig. 
E'en kings illicit quit their state to share 
Contentment and a one-horse t-tutir. 
T. Wurtun, Phaeton. 
6. One of the iron blocks forming a kind of 
clutch by which, according to a common Eng- 
lish system, the rails in a railroad are support- 
ed and secured to the sleepers or ties. Ajuinl- 
flmir is a chair that secures the connection of 
two rails at their ends Bath chair, an invalids 
chair on wheels, intended to he pushed along by an atten- 
dant : so called from Bath in England, where invalids are 
conveyed to the springs in such chairs. Cane chair. 
See cii/u'l. Chair Of St. Peter, the see of Rome, or the 
office of the papacy : so called from the tradition that St. 
Peter was the tirst hishop of Koine, and hence the founder 
of the papacy. Chair Of state, a throne ; the seat or 
dignity of any chief executive : as, Washington was unani- 
mously called to the cAair o/ <u<e. Curule chair. See 
cumle. Easy chair. See auty-chair. Folding chair. 
a chair having the seat, legs, and hack hinged anil Jointed 
in various ways, HO that it can be folded up into a small 
space when not in use ; a camp-chair ; also, a sea-chair. 
Oculist's chair. See oculiii. St. Peter's Chair, the 
name of two Roman Catholic festivals, held on February 
22d and January 18th, in celebration of St. Peter s tradi- 
tional founding of the episcopacies of Antloch and of Rome 
on those dates respectively. Windsor Chair, (a) A kind 
of strong, plain, polished chair, made entirely of wood. 
He got up from his large wooden-seated windaor-chair. 
Dickeng. 
(6) A sort of low wheeled carriage. 
chair (char), v. t. [< chair, n.] 1. To place 
or carry in a chair ; especially, carry publicly 
in a chair in triumph. 
The day the member was chaired several men in Con- 
ingsby's rooms were talking over their triumph. 
Diiraeli, Coningsby, v. 2. 
2. To place in a chair of office; install; enthrone. 
He took a big, grizzled, docile-looking fellow patroniz- 
ingly by the arm . . . and cliaired him on a large cylin- 
der-head. T, tt'inthrop, Love and Skates. 
chair-bearer (char'bar'er), n. Same as chair- 
man, 2. 
chair-bed (char'bed), n. Same as bed-chair. 
chair-bolt (char'bolt), n. A screw-bolt used for 
fastening a railroad-chair to the sleeper or tie. 
[Seldom used in the United States.] 
chair-days (char'daz), n. pi. The evening of 
life ; the time of repose for old age. [Poetical 
and rare.] 
In thy reverence, and thy chair-days, thus 
To die lu ruffian battle. Shale., 2 Hen. VI., v. 2. 
chairman (char'man), n. ; pi. chairmen (-men). 
1. The presiding officer or an assembly, asso- 
ciation, company, committee, or public meet- 
ing. 2. One who assists in carrying a sedan- 
chair. Prior. Also called chair-bearer. 
chairmanship (char'man-ship), n. The office 
of a chairman or presiding officer, as of a com- 
mittee or board ; the performance of the duties 
of a chairman. 
A great meeting was held in the Town Hall, under Mr. 
Carter's chairmanship. 
K. J. Uinton, Eng. Radical Leaders, p. 94. 
chair-Organ (char'or'gan), n. A choir-organ. 
The word is supposed to be suggested by choir-uryan, with 
reference to tlie frequent location of the choir-organ di- 
rectly behind the organist's seat. 
chair-rail (char'ral), n. In carp., a board or 
plate of wood fastened to a wall at the proper 
height to prevent the plastering from being in- 
jured by the backs of chairs. 
chair-web (char' web), n. A scroll-saw. E. II. 
Jiniijlit. 
911 
chaise (sha>.), n. [F. ; a variant of chain: a 
ehiiir: see i-linii: In the Kith century the 1'iiri- 
si;ins in many words substituted tlie sound of 
z for that of V, and in this ease, as a distinct 
meaning was attache.! to each form, the modi- 
licatioii was adopted as a new word.] 1. Prop- 
erly, a two-wheeled carriage for two persons. 
drawn by one horse, and generally furnished 
with a hood or top that may ho let down. Ill 
dialectal speech often .--/mi/. -!2. A four-wheeled 
pleasure-carriage drawn by two or more horses. 
Within the low-wheel il 
Her mother trundled to the gate 
Behind the dappled jjrays. 
7V, in. ;", Talking llali. 
3. [< F. chiiitu; a chair, from the representation 
on the coin of the king seated on his throne.] 
A French gold coin 
first issued by Louis 
IX. in the thirteenth 
century. itwase.iuai 
to about three I'nltcd 
states gold dollars. The 
specimen illustrate. 1 
\\ci-tis ali'iut 7:; ^lainx 
Chaises were also rolni-il 
in England in the n-i^n 
of Edward III. 
chaiselt, . [ME., 
also clidi/Kfl, clifisrl, 
clieygel, < OF. <///- 
sel, chainnil, clfiiixii. 
also clianisil (> ME. 
cliiii(iisfl), assibilat- 
ed forms of eainsil, 
camsil = Pr. cansil, 
ciinixil, < ML. r<i/iti- 
gile, < camisa, a shirt, 
ca i n is : see camis and 
chemise.'] A fine 
linen used in the 
middle ages. 
chaitya (chit'ya), n. 
[Skt. chaitya, any 
large tree in a vil- Referee. 
l-i.r..liM in ncculiur Cbaiseof Philip VI.. British Museum. 
lage neia in peculiar (SiM [he original .) 
sanctity, an altar, a 
monument, a Buddhist temple.] Among Bud- 
dhists, a place or an object deserving of wor- 
ship or reverence. Specifically (a) A place ren- 
dered sacred by association with a Buddha, such as the 
spot where he was born, or attained Buddhaship, or en- 
tered into Nirvana, etc. (b) A relic belonging to a Buddha, 
such as a tooth, his girdle, alms-bowl, etc. (c) A temple, 
pan' i.la, dagoba, shrine, etc., erected in honor of a Buddha 
or an Arhat, or to contain relics. 
chaja (cha'ja), n. A name of the crested scream- 
er, Chauna chavaria. Also chaha. 
chaka (cha'kii), n. Same as chaca, 2. 
chaki (cha'ki), n. Cotton and silk piece-goods 
made in Egypt. 
chalandret, n. An obsolete form of ealandra. 
chalastic (ka-las'tik), a. and n. [= F. chalas- 
tique, < Gr. ^aXcim/tof, making supple, laxative, < 
'ja/'./Krrdf, verbal adj. of ^a/av, let down, loosen, 
relax, slacken.] I. a. Having the property of 
removing stiffness in the fibers of the body ; re- 
laxing; emollient. 
Il.t . A relaxing or emollient medicine; 
also, a laxative. 
chalaza (ka-la'za), n.; pi. chalaza (-ze). [< 
NL. chalaza, < Gr. ^d/lafa, hail, a hailstone, a 
pimple, a tubercle.] 1. In hot., that part of the 
ovule or seed where the integuments cohere 
with each other and with the nucleus. It is 
the true base of the seed, but corresponds to 
the hi In m or scar only in some cases. 2. In 
zool., one of the two albuminous twisted cords 
which bind the yolk-bag of an egg to the lining 
membrane at the two ends of the shell, and 
keep it near the middle as it floats in the albu- 
men, so that the cicatricula or germinating 
point is always uppermost, and consequently 
nearest the source of heat during the process 
of incubation. Also called pullet-sperm and 
treadle. 3. Same as chalazion. 
chalazal (ka-la'ziil), a. [< chalaza + -al.~] Of 
or pertaining to a chalaza ; containing the cha- 
laza. 
chalaze (ka-laV), n. [= F. chalase, < NL. cha- 
laza : see chalaza.'] A chalaza. 
chalazia, n. Plural of chalazion. 
chalaziferous (kal-a-zif' e-rus), a. [= F. cha- 
Inzifere, < NL. chalaza, q. v., H- L. ferre = E. 
frenr 1 .] Bearing chalaza? : applied to the layers 
of condensed albumen surrounding the yolk of 
an egg, which when twisted into strings form 
the chalaze. 
The first deposit upon the yelk-ball consists of a layer of 
dense and somewhat tenacious albumen, called the chala- 
chalcidian 
' membrane ..... V- II, I alonx' by 
the peristaltic acti ..... .( the tul.c [OVidUCt), II aci|iillc> a 
rotation at. out the axis of the tntic : tli- ivenol 
-nl! allnum-n it rcrci\ cs an- ilc|to>i!ci| M.IIICW liat >piiall\ ; 
and the ,-tm/ii (/ rout nicniliran. is draw n out into 1 1 
at Op|loMte p'll. s of th. 
., K. > to N. .\. Birds, p. -2-1-1. 
chalazion, chalazium (ka-lu'zi-on, -nm), .; 
pi. chiiliizin (-ii). [M.... < <ir. |.//-"ir, dim. of 
)/.,'", a sty : see cltnln n.\ In /idll/dl., a trans- 
parent swelling on the eyelid, due to inflamma- 
tion of a Meiboinian gland with obstruction of 
its dud. Alsi i i-lniliizii. 
chalcanthite (kal-kan'thit), . [< L. chitlcan- 
lliiim (<i;r. |.i/M/i-i'oi', a solution of blue vitriol, 
sulphate uf cupper, < X a/l *'"< copper, -I- in/'"', 
a (lower; of. the origin of r.)/.//. r.i) + -(//-.] 
.Native copper sulphate or blue vitriol. Also 
called ci/aii'ixili. 
Chalcedonian 1 (kal-se-do'ni-an),n. [< L. cinii- 
I'l iliiiiiii.i + -mi. J < >t'or pertaining to Chalcedon, 
a city of Hithynia, opposite Constant ino]ile, or to 
the council held there and its teachings. Chal- 
cedonian Council, the fourth ecumenical council, held 
at chaleedon A. H. 4.M. which condemned EatychUnlnn, 
and gave distinct expression to the duct line of the insepa- 
rable union, without mutation or confusion, of two perfect 
and complete natures, divine and human, in tin one |HT- 
son of Christ, This council also confci red hi'jh privileges 
on the si ..... l i 'onstantinople, contlrming and exttmliim 
those given by the second ecumenical council, and puttiiiK 
it nearly on an equality with the see of Home. 
chalcedonian- (kal-se-do'ni-an), a. Same as 
ekaletdonic, 
chalcedonic (kal-se-don'ik), a. [< chalcedony 
+ -ic.] Pertaining to or having the nature or 
appearance of chalcedony. Also spelled calce- 
donic. 
Many pines [fossils] have wood well preserved ; others 
are completely silicitied and chatcfdttnic. Science, IV. 73. 
chalcedonous (kal-sed'6-nus), a. [< chalcedony 
+ -o.] Having the character or appearance 
of chalcedony. 
chalcedony (kal-sed'6-ni or kal'se-do-ni), n. 
[Altered, with immediate ref. to tne L., from 
ME. ealeidnine, eassidoine, cassedony ( > E. cas- 
sidony 1 ), < OF. calcedoinc, F. calcedoine = Sp. 
It. calcedoiiia = Pg. clialccdonia, < L. clialcedo- 
nius (prop. adj. ' of Chalcedon '), chalcedony, < 
Gr. ^aX(o?(!uv, a precious stone found at Chal- 
cedon, Xafat/duv, an ancient Greek town in Asia 
Minor nearly opposite to Byzantium or Constan- 
tinople.] A cryptocrystalline variety of quartz, 
resembling in color milk diluted with water, 
and more or less clouded or opaque with veins, 
circles, or spots. It is used in jewelry. There are 
several varieties, as common chalcedony, chrysoprase, 
sard, and sardonyx. Also called white ayatt. Also spelled 
calcedony. See cut under botryoid. 
Above was had a knightly armed kyng, 
Off cameilimy will formed and made. 
Rom. ii/ Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 4510. 
Chalcedony cement, see cement. 
chalcedonyx (kal-sed'o-niks), n. [< chalced- 
(ony) + onyx.] A variety of agate in which 
white and gray layers alternate. Also calced- 
nnyx. 
chalchihuitl (chal-chi-wetl'), [Mex.] A 
bluish-green turquoise found in New Mexico, 
highly prized as a gem by the aborigines. 
chalcid (kal'sid), a. and n. Same as chalcidian^ 
and chalcidian^. 
Chalcidae (kal'si-de), n. pi. Same as Clialcidi- 
401. 
Chalcidea (kal-sid'e-ii), n. pi. [NL., < Chains* 
(Chalcid-) + -e.] A small group of existing 
Lacertilia. 
Chalcides (kal'si-dez), . [NL., taken as sing., 
prop. pi. of L. chains, < Or. ^a/wr. a kind of 
lizard: see CftoMA] The typical genus of 
lizards of the family Chalcididce. 
Chalcidian 1 (kal-sid'i-an), a. and H. [< L. Chal- 
cis (Chalcid-), Gr. Xaftjdf (Xa/wi!-) + -n.] I. a. 
Pertaining or relating to Chalcig, the chief city 
of the Greek island sometimes called Egripo 
and Negropont, but now bearing its ancient 
name Eubraa. 
The al pliai ict used by the Romans is identical with that 
of the Chalciilian colonies in southern Italy and Sicily. 
Encyc. Brit., XIII. 125. 
II. n. A native or an inhabitant of Chalcis. 
chalcidian- (kal-sid'i-an), a. and n. [< Chalets 1 
(Chalcid-) + -ion.] I." n. Belonging to or hav- 
ing the characters of the insects called Chalet- 
did<e. See Chalcididal. 
Tlie male insect is unknown, two insects mistaken for It 
being, according to Planchon. parasitic hymenoptera of 
the chalcidian group, living in the kermes grains. 
Encyc. Brit., XIV. 49. 
II. . An insect of the family Chalcididce. 
Also cltalcid. 
