chalice 
Chalice, from Treasury 1" 
M i>vi>.:e Cathedral. 
2. The cup in which the wine is administered 
in the celebration of I lie eucharist or Lord's 
supper. It is now generally 
made of silver, Kill inside ; 'nit 
Hold chalices arc mit Infrequent, 
while less costly metadata have 
liucu used at all periods. The 
rubrics "f the Riiniun Catholic 
Church require the ohalicetobe 
..f gold in- silver The shape of 
Hie chalice varies very greatly; 
hut in general the foot is wide- 
sprcading, and a knop is Intro- 
dlleed ill the stem, sometime^ 
half-way up. sometimes nearer 
the bOWl, thu iihjeet hcing to 
lirevent all chance (if spilling 
the consecrated Witle, the kli..p 
allonliie-' It llrni hold for the 
htuul. 
There is a grcte rluile* of fyne gold "f curiims wcrke, net 
with many precious stones. 
>Vi- Ii. Hui/IJ'iifilf, 1'} Igrymage, p. 7. 
Mixed chalice, in the Roman Catholic chnreli, theOreek 
and other Oriental churches (except the Armenian), anil 
in many Anglican churches : (n) The wine mingled with 
a little water for use at the eucharist. ('/) The custom or 
rite of adding water to the cucharistic wine. See km*i*. 
chalice-case (chal'is-kas), . A permanent 
cover for the chalice, whether made of a textile 
fabric like a bag, or in the form of a cylindri- 
cal 1)1 IX. 
chalice-cells (clial'ls-selz), . />!. See goblet- 
(<//.. iiinler I'i'l/. 
chalicedd-lial'ist), a. [< chalice + -er/2.] Hav- 
ing a cup, as a flower. 
I'linlir'il Mowers. Shak., Cymbeline, il. 8 (song). 
chalice-pall (chal'is-pal), n. In the Roman 
Catholic and Anglican churches, a piece of 
cardboard about eight inches square, covered 
with linen, or with silk on top and lawn under- 
neath, placed before and after celebration upon 
the paten. 
chalice-spoon (chal'is-spon), n. 1. A spoon 
with a perforated bowl for removing insects or 
other impurities from the chalice. 2. A spoon 
for measuring out the water to be mixed with 
the eucharistic wine. 
chalice-veil (chal'is-val), n. 1. In the Roman 
Catholic and Anglican churches, a piece of silk, 
varying in color according to the ecclesiastical 
season, used, over the chalice-pall, to cover 
the paten and chalice at certain times during 
the celebration of the mass or holy communion. 
2. In the Anglican Church, a piece of linen 
or lawn used to cover the chalice and paten 
after the communion of the people. 
Chalicomys (ka-lik'o-mis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
#<i/l/f (xa>.in-), pebble, gravel, -I- /iv( = E. MtWM.] 
A genus of fossil rodents related to the beavers : 
synonymous with Steneofiber. 
chalicosis (kal-i-ko'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. x a ^ 
(X(it.tK-), gravel, + -osis.] In pathol., a pulmo- 
nary affection produced by the inhalation of 
silicious particles, as by stone-cutters. These 
particles are taken np into the tissues of the lungs, and 
are apt to produce more or less inflammation, in the form 
of ],roii el i it'n or diffuse pneuruoiiitis. 
chalicotheriid (kal*i-ko-the'ri-id), H. A mam- 
mal of the family ChaltcotheriMa. 
Chalicotheriidse (kal'i-ko-the-ri'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Chalicothcriiim + '-jfto'.] A family of 
extinct perissodactyl ungulates, typified by the 
genus Chalicotheriitm. They were large quadrupeds, 
with the upper molar teeth surmounted by subequal eres- 
centoid crests separated hy an external ridge, and with 
the lower molars surmounted by crescents ; the upper pre- 
molars were different from the molars, and had each only 
one internal cusp ; the anterior feet had 4 digits and the 
posterior 3. The species were quite numerous during the 
Eocene period, and a few lived during the Miocene. 
chalicotherioid (kal"i-ko-the'ri-oid), a. and . 
I. a. Resembling or having the characters of 
the Clidl/ctillK riii/d'. 
U. . A chalicotheriid. 
Ohalicotherioidea (kal*i-ko-the-ri-oi'de-a), n. 
pi. [NL.,< Cliiilicotlirrium + -oidea."] A super- 
family of ungulate quadrupeds, established for 
the reception of the family Chalicotheriidts and 
related forms. 
Chalicotherium (kal"i-ko-the'ri-um), n. [NL. 
(Kaup), < Gr. *aA/f (ja/Ux-), gravel, rubble, + 
Hripiov, a wild beast, < %>, a wild beast.] The 
typical genus of the extinct family Chalicothe- 
riidat, remains of which occur in the Miocene 
formation of Europe, Asia, and America, 
chalifate (ka'li-fat), . Same as enlifate. 
chalil (ha-lel'), M. [Heb.] An ancient He- 
brew musical instrument, probably a direct 
flute or flageolet, though possibly having a reed 
like a clarinet. The word is translated " pipe " 
in both the authorized and the revised versions 
of the Bible. 
58 
913 
Ohalina (ka-li'nji), . [NL., < Or. .rn?/voc, a 
bridle, bit, strapi' thong, = Skt. fctoWftM, 
iinn, a briille-liit.j The typical genus of s 
of the family ('hiiliniilii: 
Chalineae (ka-lin'e-e), n. pi. [NL., < <'ltniin 
+ -<&.] A general name of the siliciceratous 
sponges. Clmix. 
Chalinidae (ka-lin'i-<le), n. pi. [NL., < citnii,,u 
+ -i<t<e.] A family of FihroxiivHyia or fibrous 
sponges, represented by the genus ('lialina. 
Chalininae (kal-i-m'ne). n. pi. [NL., < Chiiliiin 
+ -hid 1 .] A group of sponges, typified by the 
genus Cluilind, having a considerable quantity 
of spongin in the form of distinct horny fibers 
containing spicules. It is referred by some to 
the family Homoraphidte of Ridley and Dendy. 
chalinoid" (kal'i-noid), a. [< Chnliiui + -oiil.} 
Resembling a sponge of the genus Chaliiw, : as, 
"a true ehalinoiil larva," A. Hyatt. 
Chalinopsidae (kal-i-nop'si-de), n.pl. [NL., < 
' 'liiiliiiiipnis + -/'.] A family of Filtrmtpomjiii' 
or fibrous sponges, typified by the genus (.'hali- 
nopsis. 
Chalinopsis (kal-i-nop'sis), . [NL. (Oscar 
Schmidt, 1870), < Gr. xa/.ivix;, a bridle, a strap, 
+ 6i/if, appearance.] The typical genus of 
sponges of the family CAaMnoptWO, 
Chalinorhaphinse (kal'i-no-ra-fi'ne), n. pi. 
[NL., < Chalinorhaphis + -4Mb] A group of 
sponges, represented by the genus Chalinorha- 
phin. Lendenfeld. 
Chalinorhaptiis (kal-i-nor'a-fis), n. [NL., < 
Gr. ^a'/jv6f, a bridle, a strap, + pa^'f, * needle, 
< pairruv, sew.] The typical genus of Chalino- 
rhaphina:, having many large spicules axially 
situated. Lendenfeld. 
chalk (chak), n. [Early mod. E. also chaulk, 
< ME. chalk, < AS. eealc, chalk, lime, = D. 
kalk = OHG. chalch, MHG. kale (talk-), G. 
kalch, kalk = Icel. Sw. Dan. kalk = F. chaux = 
Pr. calz, cans = Sp. Pg. cal = It. calee = Ir. 
Gael, cailc = W. ealch, lime, < L. calx (calo), 
limestone, lime, chalk : see calx 1 and calk 2 , and 
cf. calcareous, causey, etc.] 1. In geol., a soft 
white rock, consisting almost entirely of car- 
bonate of lime in a pulverulent or only slight- 
ly consolidated state, and readily soiling the 
lingers when handled. It is seen, when examined 
through the microscope, to be made up In large part of 
minute fragments of the shells of Foramtntfera, mollusks, 
and echinoderms, and also of spicules of sponges. It 
does not exactly resemble any deep-sea deposit at present 
known to be In process of formation. This rock is a very 
important and conspicuous formation on the south coast 
of England (which on account of the whiteness of its 
cliffs is poetically styled Albion) and in the north of 
France. Under the city of London it has a thickness of 
from 600 to 800 feet. The chalk gives its name to the 
so-called Cretaceous formation. It is not known that 
there Is any rock exactly resembling chalk in any other 
region than that of the Paris and London basins. Chalk, 
being a nearly pure carlionate of lime in a pulverized con- 
dition, is an article of great commercial importance, and 
is used in a large number of operations. For such pur- 
poses it is crushed and levigated. One of its principal 
uses is for whitening walls, or whitewashing. It is not 
used with oil, as it has no body with that vehicle ; but , on 
account of its being very much cheaper than lead paint, 
it supersedes that article to a great extent There are 
many names for the various preparations of chalk, as 
whiting, Spanish white, Paris white, etc. Chalk Is not a 
desirable material for ordinary mortar, but it is used to 
some extent as one of the ingredients of hydraulic cement. 
See cement, 2. 
2. A piece of prepared chalk used for marking 
on a dark surface. 3. A point scored in a 
game : so called from its being recorded with 
chalk. [Local and prov. Eng.] 
One chalk or score is reckoned for every fair pin ; and 
the game of skittles consists in obtaining thirty -one chalk* 
precisely. Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 36. 
4. An account. See to chalk p, below. 
"I tell you, we can't and won't trust you. Your drunk- 
en dad has run up a long chalk already. Look there, I 
guess you know enough to count twelve; twelve gallons 
he owes now." S. Jadd, Margaret, t 6. 
A long Chalk, a long way ; many degrees. To beat one 
hy a limn chalk or Innij chalk* is to beat him by a long way, 
or to excel him in a high degree : in allusion to the custom 
of making marks, as in a score, with chalk, or to the mark- 
ing of distances by lines drawn with a chalk. [Colloq.] 
Sir Alured's steed was by long chalks the best 
Of the party, and very soon distanced the rest. 
Iliirliiiin. Ingoldsby Legends, II. 294. 
Hence Not by a long Chalk, not on any account; not 
by any means ; not at all. Black Chalk, (a) Slate suffi- 
ciently colored by carbonaceous particles to answer the 
purpose of black-lead in pencils for coarse work, such as 
marking stone. [Eng.] (6) A preparation of ivory-black 
and tine day. Chalk for cheese, an inferior article for 
a good one ; one thing for another. 
Lo ! how they felgnen chalkefor cheese. 
Gower, Conf. Amant., Prol. 
Chalk style, in engraving. See Mmling. French 
chalk, scaly talc ; a variety of indurated talc, In masses 
composed of small scales of n pearly-white or grayish cl- 
challenge 
or, much used hy tailors for drawing lined on cloth, anil 
MI- removing grease-spots. Red chalk, or rmlilif, a nat- 
ural clay containing from lf> to 20 per cent, of tie 
1. .Mil aiid eiirhonate of ii ..... . Spanish chalk, a vai i. -i -. 
..I -teatile or MiMpxtoiie olitained from Araon in Spain. 
To know chalk from cheese, to have one's wit aiiont 
one ; know a poor or -pin -i-.ns ;irtieli; from :i -....oil or yeiiu 
hie one. TO Walk One's Chalks, to -o awin . leave mi 
e. lemoniously. (Slang. ] 
Cut his stiek, and milk,, I f,i* <-b>itt,*, and is oil to Lon- 
don. Kin- 
To Walk the Chalk, to keep In a straight line ; mihnilt 
to strict discipline. 
Chalk (elii'ik), r. I. (<<-lidli;,i. C(. cull,-.) 1. 
To rub or mark with chalk. 
Some two or three \.-n.l- .,11 
I'll chalk a line. /;. /MUM, Volume, ii. 3. 
2. To manure with chalk. 
In Dorsetshire the land In usually chalked once In 
twenty fttlt. Encyc. Brit., V. 872. 
3. Figuratively, to make chalky-white; blanch; 
make pale. 
Fear 
81 at d iu her eyes, and chalk'd her face, and wing'd 
Her transit to the throne. Tennyton, Princess, iv. 
4. To mark; trace out; describe: from the 
use of chalk in marking lines. 
It Is you that have chalk'd forth the way 
Which brought us hither ! Shale., Tempest, v. 1. 
To chalk out. () To sketch, as a plan of work or of 
operations, roughly, or in general outlines; mark out. 
I knew all this before, sir : 
I chalk'd him imt his way. 
Fletcher, Humorous Lieutenant, iii. :i. 
Tills is indeed a very pretty career that has been chalkt'l 
out for you. Gftldginith, Vicar, xx. 
(!>) In Scotland, to mark the door of a burgh tenant with 
chalk, an old mode of notice to quit, which is still compe- 
tent. -To Chalk up, to charge; put down to one's ac- 
count : in allusion to the old custom, prevalent es|iecially 
among publicans and milk-sellers, of writing a score in 
chalk on a door or wall. 
She has chalked up twenty shillings already, and swears 
she will chalk no more. Chapman, May-Ilay, 1. 2. 
chalk-box (chak'boks), H. A box containing 
powdered chalk, in which public dancers and 
acrobats rub the soles of their feet to prevent 
them from slipping. 
chalk-cutter (chaVkufer), n. A man who 
digs chalk. 
chalkiness (cha'ki-nes). M. [< chalky + -H<W*.] 
The state of being chalky. 
chalk-line (chak'lin), H. 1. A light cord 
rubbed with chalk and stretched over a surface 
to mark a straight line, when stretched, it is pulled 
upward and allowed to spring down by its elasticity, and 
thus marks a line of chalk on the surface, to serve as H 
guide, as for a needle or a saw. 
2. A vulgar name of the small green heron of 
the United States, Butorides viresceng : so called 
in allusion to the white excrement voided when 
the bird starts to fly. 
chalk-pit (chak'pit), . A pit in which chalk 
is dug. 
chalkstone (chak'ston), . [< ME. chalkgton, 
< AS. ceale-stan, calculus (= Dan. kalksten = 
Sw. kalksten), < cealc, lime, + stdn, stone : see 
chalk and stow.] 1. In mrd., a concretion, for 
the most part of sodium urate, deposited in the 
tissues and joints, especially of the ears, hands, 
and feet, of persons affected with gout. 2. A 
lump of chalk. 
floth, walketh forth, and hrynge us 
Chaucer, Canon's Yeoman's Tale, 1. 198. 
When he maketh all the stones of the altar as chnlk- 
atones that are beaten in sunder, the groves and images 
shall not stand up. Is. xxvii. 9. 
Chalky (cha'ki), a. [< chalk + -yl.] 1. Con- 
sisting of or containing chalk: as, "thy chalk;/ 
cliffs,' 3 Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iii. 2. 2. Resem- 
bling chalk in any way : as, a chalky taste ; a 
chalky fracture. 
As deposited from the cyanide bath just described, the 
surface of the precipitated silver has a mat or dead ap- 
pearance, which is well described as chalky. 
Wahl, Galvanoplastic Manipulations, p. 304. 
challenge (chal'enj), n. [< ME. chalenge, as- 
sibilated form of calenge, calange, an accusa- 
tion, claim, < OF. chalenge, chalonge, assibi- 
lated form of calenge. calonge = It. calogna, an 
accusation, claim, dispute, < L. calumnia, a 
false accusation (in ML. also an action upon 
a claim), > E. calumny, q. v. Thus challenge 
is a doublet of calumny."} If. Accusation; 
charge. 
Then muste make thy chalenge agens God. 
Bp. Pecock, Represser, I. iii. 152. 
But she that wrongfull challenge soone assoyled, 
And shew'd that she had not that Lady reft 
(As they suppos'd), but her had to her liking left. 
Spetuer, F. Q., IV. ix. 88. 
2f. A claim or demand; pretension. 
