challenge 
Accept the title thou u.siirp'st, 
Of benefit proceeding from our kini,'. 
And not of :my challenge of desert. 
Shak.. 1 Hen. VI., v. 4. 
3. A summons or invitation to a duel ; a call- 
ing upon one to engage in single combat, as 
for the vindication of the challenger's honor; a 
defiance. 
Dene. Shall 1 speak a word in your ear? 
Claud. God bless me from a challenge .' 
Shak., Much Ado, v. 1. 
Hence 4. An invitation to a contest or trial of 
any kind : as, a challenge to a rubber at whist ; 
a challenge to a public debate; u a challenge 
to controversy," Goldsmith. 5. The letter or 
message containing the summons to a combat 
or contest. 
Heir's t\K rliitllciHie, read it; I warrant there's vinegar 
and pepper in't. Shak., 1. N., iii. 4. 
6. Milit., the act of a sentry in demanding the 
countersign from any one who approaches his 
post. 7. In hunting, the opening cry of hounds 
on first finding the scent of their game. 8. 
A calling in question ; an exception taken, as 
to the tenability of a proposition, or a person's 
right to do something or to hold something. 
Rather assume thy right in silence and de facto than 
voice it with claims ami challenges. Bacon, Great Place. 
9. In law, an objection to a juror ; the claim 
of a party that a certain juror shall not sit in 
the cause. The right of challenge is given in both civil 
and criminal trials, for certain reasons which are sup- 
posed to disqualify a juror to be an impartial judge. 
The challenge may extend cither to the whole panel or 
body of jurors, called a challenge to the array, or only to 
particular jurors, called a challenge to the polls. Both of 
these challenges are subdivided into principal challenges 
(or challenges for principal cause) and challenges to the 
favor. A principal challenge is a challenge which alleges 
a fact of such a nature that, if proved, the juror is dis- 
qualified as a matter of law, without inquiring whether he 
is actually impartial : as, that one or more of the jury are 
returned at the nomination of the other party, or are near- 
ly related to the other party. A challenge to the favor con- 
sists in the allegation by the party of a cause that might 
probably bias, and the raising of the question whether the 
juror is in fact impartial : as, a statement thata juror has 
already formed an opinion, or is prejudiced against the 
party. A peremptory challenge, allowed by statute in many 
jurisdictions, is a challenge of jurors, to a limited num- 
ber, to be taken without showing any cause at all. 
I do believe . . . 
You are mine enemy : and make my challenge, 
You shall not be my judge. Shak., Hen. VIII., ii. 4. 
Challenge (chal'enj), v. ; pret. and pp. chal- 
lenged, ppr. challenging. [< ME. chalengen, 
accuse, claim, < OF. chalengier, chalongier, 
etc., = It. calognare, < L. calumniari; from the 
noun.] I. trans. If. To accuse; call to answer; 
censure. 
The next day the two Kings with their people came 
aboord vs, but brought nothing according to promise ; so 
that Ensigne Saluage challenged Namenacus the breach 
of three promises. 
Quoted in Capt. John Smith's True Travels, II. 62. 
Dishonour'd thus and challenged of wrongs. 
Shak., Tit. And., i. 2. 
2. To lay claim to ; demand as due or as a right: 
as, the Supreme Being challenges our reverence 
and homage. 
" Charite," quod he, " ne chaffareth nouste, ne chalenyeth, 
ne craueth ! " Piers Plowman (B), xv. 160. 
Mortals can challenge not a ray, by right, 
Yet do expect the whole of Cynthia's light. 
B. Jonson, Cynthia's Revels, v. 8. 
The Pope challenges all Churches to be under him, the 
King and the two Arch-Bishops challenge all the Church 
of England to be under them. Selden, Table-Talk, p. 57. 
Hast thou yet drawn o'er young Juba? 
That still would recommend thee more to Caesar, 
And challenge better terms. Addison, Cato, i. 3. 
In this night of death I challenge the promise of thy word ! 
Wtiittiet; Swan Song of Parson Avery. 
3. To call, invite, or summon to single com- 
bat or duel. 
Whosoe'er gainsays King Edward's right, 
By this I challenge him to single fight. 
[Throws dottii his tjauntlet.} 
SAa*.,3Hen. VI., iv. 7. 
4. To call to a contest ; call into opposing ac- 
tivity; invite to a trial; defy: as, to challenge 
a man to prove what he asserts (implying defi- 
ance). 
Thus formed for speed, he challenges the wind, 
And leaves the Scythian arrow far behind. Dryden. 
All within us that is bad challenges the bad in our bro- 
ther ; distrust engenders distrust. Smnner, Orations, I. 
5. To take exception to ; object to (a person 
or thing) ; call in question : as, to challenge 
the accuracy of a statement. Specifically 
6. In law, to object or take exception to, as a 
juror or jury panel. See challenge, n., 9. 7. 
Milit., to demand the countersign from : as, a 
914 
sentry is bound to challenge every person ap- 
pearing near his post. See challenge, n., 6. 
II. intrans. In hunting, to whimper or cry 
when the scent of game is first discovered: 
said of a hound. 
challengeable (chal'en-ja-bl), a. [< ME. chal- 
</ iii/rabic; < challenge + -able.] Capable of be- 
ing challenged, or called to an account. 
A chartre is chalengealile byfor a chief justice. 
Piers Plowman (B), xi. 21K). 
How lords are challenrieaUe by their vassals. 
J. Sadler, Rights of the Kingdom, p. :<. 
challengee (chal-en-je'), n. [< challenge + 
-!.] One who receives a challenge. [Bare.] 
The challenger and challengee, 
Or, with yonr Spaniard, your provocador 
And provocado, have their several courses. 
B. Jonson, The Devil is an Ass, iii. 1. 
challenger (chal'en-j6r), n. [< ME. chalengere; 
< challenge + -erl.] 1. One who challenges or 
defies another to a duel or contest of any kind. 
Ros. Have you challenged Charles the wrestler? 
Orl. No, fair princess ; he is the general challenger. 
Shak., As you Like it, i. 2. 
The impious challenger of Pow'r divine 
Was now to learn that Heav'n, though slow to wrath, 
Is never with impunity defied. Cowper, The Task, vi. 
2. An objector; one who calls in question. 3. 
A claimant ; one who demands something as of 
Earnest challengers there are of trial, by some pnblick 
disputation. Hooker. 
Challengeria (chal-en-je'ri-a), . [NL. (Wy- 
ville Thomson, 1877), < Challenger, an English 
vessel in which a voyage of scientific research 
and exploration was made in 1873-76.] The 
typical genus of tripyleans of the family Chal- 
lengeriida. 
Challengerida (chal-en-jer'i-da), n. pi. [NL., 
as Challenger-ia + -id<i.] An order of tripyleans 
having a monothalamous shell richly sculp- 
" ad filled with a nucleated sarcode. 
Chamaea 
dise of the genus Chalybaim or Manucodia; a 
inanucode. 
chalybeate (kii-lib'e-at), a. audit. [<NL.*e/%- 
l>edtiitt,<lj. chi!li/h.i,<(ir. xa^vij>(xa^vp-), steel, so 
called from the Xd/.u/ftc, Chalybes: see Chaly- 
bean 1 .] I. a. 1. Qualified by the presence of 
iron: applied to a medicine containing iron, 
and especially to springs and waters impreg- 
nated with iron, or holding iron iu solution. 
Chalybeate springs exist in many parts of tin; world. The 
iron is generally present in the form of carbonate, and is 
held in solution by the carbonic acid contained in the wa- 
ter; on exposure to the air the carbonic acid escapes and 
the iron is partly precipitated. 
2. Relating to or characteristic of a spring 
or medicine containing iron: as, a chalybeate 
taste; chalybeate effects. 3. Steel-blue; cha- 
lybeous. 
II. n. A mineral water or other liquid im- 
pregnated with iron. 
chalybeOUS (ka-lib'e-us), a. [< L. chalybeius, 
of steel, < chalybs, < Gr. x^-!' (%a~Avft-), steel : 
see chalybeate.] Of a steel-blue color; very 
dark blue with a metallic luster. 
chalybite (kal'i-bit), n. [< L. chalybs (chalyb-), 
steel (see chalybeate), + -ifc 2 .] Native iron 
protocarbonate, FeCOs- Also called spathic 
or sparry iron ore, or siderite. See siderite. 
cham 1 1, r. An older form of chain]) 1 . 
cham 2 , a. [Assibilated f orm of cam' 2 .] Awry; 
cam. [North. Eng.] 
cham 3 t (kam), n. A former spelling of khan 1 . 
I will . . fetch you a hair off the great Cham's beard. 
,S/i-., Much Ado, ii. 1. 
In Tartary I freed the Cham, 
Last June, from his huge swarm of gnats. 
Browning, Pied Piper, vi. 
pedition. They have receive 
lengerida. 
Challengeriidae (chal"en-je-ri'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL. , < Challengeria + -ida>] A family of tripy- 
leans having single-chambered shells, with po- 
rous glass-like walls, and very fine, perfectly 
regular, hexagonal pores varying greatly in 
form. Genera of this family are Challengeria, 
Gazclletta, and Porcupinia. 
challis (shal'i), . [A French-looking form; 
also written chatty; same word as shatti, q. v.] 
A name originally given to a choice fabric of 
silk and wool first manufactured at Norwich, 
England, about 1832. It was thin, soft, fine, and 
without gloss. The name is now applied to a fabric re- 
sembling mnslin-de-laine, a light all-wool material, woven 
without twill, and either plain or figured. French challis 
is sometimes made with a glossy finish resembling that of 
alpaca. 
chalont, chalount, [ME. ; the orig. form of 
shalloon, q. v.] A blanket or other form of 
bed-covering. 
Also non of the Citee ne shal don werche [work] qwyltes 
ne chaloum hy-thoute the walles of the Citee, vp-on pe.vne 
to lese that good. English OUds (E. E. T. 8.), p. 360. 
Abed 
With shetes and with chaloiis faire y-spred. 
Chaucer, Reeve's Tale, 1. 220. 
chalumeau (shal-u-mo'), . [F. chalumeau, < 
OF. clialemel = Pr. calamel, caramel, calmeilh = 
Sp. caramillo (also F. dial, "calumet, > E. calu- 
met, q. v.), < ML. calamellus; also in fern, form, 
OF. chalemelle (> Pg. charamela = It. cennamel- 
la), < ML. calamella, also calamaula (also OF. 
chalemie, > MHG. schalemie, G. schalmei= Dan. 
skalmeje = ME. shalmie, later shalme, shaume, 
mod. E. shawm (ML. reflex scalmeia), < L. as 
if "calamia), a pipe, flute, flageolet, < LL. cala- 
mellus, a little pipe or reed, dim. of L. calamus, 
a pipe, a reed: eee calamus, and cf. shawm.] 1. 
An obsolete musical instrument, probably of 
the clarinet class. SeesAa;i. 2. The lowest 
portion or register of the scale of the clarinet 
and of the basset-horn. 
chaly (cha'li), n. An old copper coin of Ceylon, 
equal to about one fourth of a United States 
cent. 
Chalybean 1 (ka-lib'e-an), a. [Cf. L. chalybeius, 
of steel; (. Chalybes: see def., and cf. clinly- 
bean^.] Pertaining to the Chalybes, an ancient 
people of Pontius in Asia Minor famed as work- 
ers in iron and steel; similar to the work or 
products of the Chalybes : as, " Chalybean tem- 
per'd steel," Milton, S. A., 1. 133. 
Chalybean 2 (ka-lib'e-an), n. [< NL. chalybceus, 
< L. chalybs: see chalybeate] A bird of Para- 
Chama (ka'mii), n. [NL., < Gr. x aivea> > gape: 
see ehasm.] 1. A generic name f ormerly used 
for bivalve shells of different kinds, but now 
restricted to typical species of the family Cha- 
midce. Also spelled Cama. See cut under Cha- 
mid(t. 2. [/. c.] A shell of the genus Chama 
in its widest sense: as. the giant chama, a spe- 
cies of the family Tridaenidtr. 
Menke, 1828), < Chama + -acea, -acea] A fam- 
ily of conchiferous mollusks, including and 
represented by the gemis Chama and others. 
It is essentially the same as Chamidce, but various hetero- 
geneous genera were likewise referred to it by old authors. 
Also written Camacea. [Not in use.] 
chamacean (ka-ma'se-an), a. and . [< Cha- 
macca + -an.] I. O. Of or pertaining to the 
Cliamacea. 
II. TO. A gaping cockle ; one of the Cliamacea. 
Chamadae (kam'a-de), . pi. See Chamidai. 
chamade (sha-mad'), n. [F., < It. cltiamata(= 
Sp. llamada = Pg. chamada), a calling, < chi- 
amare (= Sp. llamar = Pg. chamar, clamor = 
OP. darner, claimer, > E. claim 1 ), < L. clamare, 
call out: see claim 1 .] Milit., the beat of a 
drum or sound of a trumpet inviting an enemy 
to a parley. 
They beat the chamade and sent us carte blanche. 
Addison. 
At length Signora Mencia, seeing me repulsed and ready 
to raise the siege, beat the chamade, and we agreed upon 
a capitulation. Smollett, tr. of Gil Bias, viii. 10. 
Chamaea (ka-me'a), n. [NL. (W. Gambel, 
1847). < Gr. x a f a ' 1 (= 1". humi), on the ground: 
see chameleon and humus] A genus of North 
American oscine passerine birds, the wren-tits, 
Wren-tit (Chamaa fasciata}. 
combining certain characteristics of wrens and 
titmice. It is the type of a family Chamitidce. having the 
plumage extremely lax and soft ; rounded wings much 
shorter than the long, narrow, graduated tail ; 10 prima- 
ries, the sixth being the longest ; tarsal scutella obsolete ; 
feet as in Paridce ; and the bill much shorter than the 
head, with scaled linear nostrils and bristled gape. There 
is but one species, C. fasciata, of California. See wren-tit. 
