charcoal-pit 
charcoal-pit (char 'kol -pit), a. A charcoal- 
furnace in the form of a pit, usually conical in 
shape. It is filled with wood, which is fired 
and then covered with earth. 
charcoal-plates (chiir'kol-plats), n. pi. The 
name given to the best quality of tin-plates, 
made from charcoal-iron. An inferior quality 
of tin-plates in made with coke as the fuel. 
charcoal-tree (chiir'kol-tre), . An urtica- 
ceous tree of India, Trciun nrii'iitalis, allied to 
the elm. 
Charcot's crystals, disease. See crystal, iHxcim, . 
chard't, An obsolete form of chart or its 
doublet i-anli. 
chard 2 (chard), n. [< F. "charde, carde (cf. t-liiir- 
tloini, < V. cliardon), < \,. card nut, a thistle or 
artichoke: see card?.] A leaf of artichoke, 
Ci/Hiini Ncoli/inm<, blanched by depriving it of 
light. Beet-chards, the leaf-stalks and midribs of a 
\anct\ c.r while beet, /;./ r '/, iii which these parts art* 
greatly developed, dressed f(ir the table. 
chardoon, . See car/loon. 
chare 1 , . and i\ See char 1 . 
chare' 2 (char), . [Also chore; perhaps a par- 
ticular use of chare 1 , clmr 1 , a turn: seec/wr 1 .] 
A narrow lane or passage between houses in a 
town. [North. Eng.] 
chare :) t, Nee chr&. 
charett, [Early mod. E., < ME. ehare.t, rha- 
r, !/!, < OF. charettc, charete (= Pr. Sp. Pg. 
i-iirri'ta = It. earretta), < ML. carreta, a two- 
wheeled car, dim. of L. carrus, chariot: see 
cnr 1 .] A chariot. 
Chare Thursday. [Chare, assibilated form of 
care (found only in this name and in the adj. 
I'hiiry). Cf. Care Sunday and the G. Kar-freitag, 
'Care Friday,' Good Friday.] The Thursday 
in Passion week ; the day before Good Friday. 
[Prov. Eng.] 
charewoman, . See charwoman. 
charework, . See charwork. 
charfron (shar'fron), . Same as chamfron. 
charge (charj), r. ; pret. and pp. charged, ppr. 
charging. [< ME. chargen, rarely charchen, < 
OF. charger, chargier, F. charger, load (also, 
without assibilation, OF. earkier, AF. *ctirkrr 
(in comp.), > ME. carken, load, burden, mod. 
E. cark), = Pr. Sp. cargar = Pg. carregar = It. 
caricare, < ML. carricare, caricare, load (a car), 
L. carrus, a car, wagon : see carl. Hence 
!V20 
8. To lay to one's charge; impute; ascribe the 
responsibility of: with a thing for the object, 
and on, upon, In, or again*/ before the person 
or thing to which something is imputed: as, 
1 rliai'i/r the guilt of this mi you; the accident 
And the captain of the guard e 
and he served them. 
also (< ML. carricare) E. cark, cargo, carack = of; make account of. 
carick = carrick, caricature.etc., and in comp. "' ' 
discharge, surcliarge : see these words, and cf. 
charge, .] I. trans. I. To put a load or bur- 
den on or in ; fill, cover, or occupy with some- 
thing to be retained, supported, carried, etc. ; 
burden ; load : as, to charge a furnace, a gun, a 
Leyden jar, etc.; to charge an oven; to charge 
the mind with a principle or a message. 
They ran to the cliff and cried to their company aboard 
the Flemings to come to their succour ; but finding the 
boat charged with Flemings, yielded themselves and the 
Place. Raleigh, in Arber's Eng. Garner, I. 16. 
Unluckily, the pistols were left charged. 
Sheridan, School for Scandal, v. 2. 
The table stood before him, charged with food. 
M. Arnold, Sohrab and Rustum. 
A body when electrified is said to be charged. 
S. P. Thompson, Elect, and Mag., p. 8. 
For cutting the facets, the laps are charged with fine 
washed emery. Byrne, Artisan s Handbook, p. 75. 
2. Figuratively, to fill or burden with some 
emotion. 
must be charged to or agaiiutt his own cureless- 
ness. 
What lw charges in defect of Piety, charity, and Moral- 
ity, hath bin also cA/v/W by l'apist.4 /if,"// the best re- 
formed Churches. Milton, Kikonokhntes. \v. 
Perverse mankind ! whose wills, created five, 
Clir<i<' .ill their woes tin absolute dceree. 
fain, Iliad, i. 161. 
9. To intrust; commission: with u-itli. 
il .lost -ph n-illi them. 
Gen. xl. 4. 
Hee charges you at first meeting m'th all his seerets, ami 
on better acquaintance Crowes more reseru'd. 
lljf, AW/7*', .Miero-co.snio",raphie, A \\Yake Man. 
The dean was cliin^rfl Titti the government of a <ire;d, r 
inunber of youths of high connections and of great hopes 
than could then be found in any other college. 
Hacaulay, Hist. Eng., vi. 
10. To command; enjoin; instruct; urge ear- 
nestly; exhort; adjure: with a person or thing 
as object. 
And he straitly charged them that they should not make 
him known. Mark ill. 12. 
Satan, avoid ! I charge thee, tempt me not ! 
Shak., C. of E., iv. 3. 
The king hath strictly charg'd the contrary. 
SAafr.,Rich. III., iv. 1. 
Weep not, but speak, I charge you on obedience ; 
Your father charges you. 
Fletcher, Double Marriage, iii. 3. 
11. To give directions to ; instruct authorita- 
tively : as, to charge a jury. 
In Hat ha way's case, 1702, Chief-Justice Holt, iu chary- 
ing the Jury, expresses no disbelief in the possibility of 
witchcraft, and the indictment implies Its existence. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 238. 
12. To call to account ; challenge. 
Charge us there u|wm inter'gatories, 
And we will answer all things faithfully. 
Shak., M. of V., v. 1. 
13. To bear down upon; make an onset on; 
fall on; attack by rushing violently against. 
Himself, 
Lord Clifford, and Lord Stafford, all abreast, 
Charg'd our main battle's front. 
SAoi.,3Heu. VI., 1. 1. 
14. To put into the position of attack, as the 
spear in the rest. 15f. To value ; think much 
What a sigh is there ! the heart is sorely charged. 
Shak., Macbeth, v. 1. 
3f . To subject to a charge or financial burden. 
And jif eny hows Is more worth than an other, be hit 
y-charched to hys worthy (worth). 
English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 357. 
F al. Good Master Brook, I desire more acquaintance of 
you. 
Ford, flood Sir John, I sue for yours : not to charge 
We loue noght his lede, ne his land nowther ; 
Ne charge noght his chateryng, thogh he chide euer. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1931. 
Charge bayonets ! the order given to infantry soldiers 
to lower the muskets with fixed bayonets into the posi- 
tion of attack. =Syn. 7 and 8. Accuse, Charge, Indict, etc. 
(see accuse) ; Attnbute, Ascribe, Refer, etc. (see attrilmte). 
II. intrans. If. To import; signify; be im- 
portant. 
I passe al that which chargeth nought to say. 
Chaucer, Troilus, iii. 1576. 
2f. To take to heart ; be concerned or troubled. 
Esau chargide litil that he hadde seld the right of the 
flrste gendrid child. Wyclif, Gen. xxv. 34. 
3. To place the price of a thing to one's debit; 
ask payment; make a demand: as, I will not 
charge for this. 4. To make an onset; rush 
to an attack. 
Charge, Chester, charge ! On, Stanley, on ! 
Were the last words of Marmion. 
Scott, Marmion, vi. 32. 
I have been at his right hand many a day when he was 
charging upon ruin full gallop. Dickens. 
5. To lie down in obedience to a command: 
said of dogs : commonly used in the imperative. 
- - Charging order, an order obtained under English stat- 
utes by a judgment creditor to have his olaim made a 
charge on the stock of the debtor in any public company 
or funds. Charging part (of a bill in equity), the part 
alleging either evidence or matters in anticipation of the 
defense, or to which the complainant wishes the defen- 
dant's answer. 
you ; for I must let you understand I think myself in bet- charge (charj), n. [< ME. charge, < OF. charge 
ter plight for a lender than you are carge, F. charge = Pr. Sp. Pg. earga = It. carica 
* .m s 5"M^J: ', : "::: ^' e rft ^J a ns)i ?- a load (also without 
4. To impute or register as a debt ; place 01. 
the debit side of an account : as, the goods were 
charged to him. 5. (a) To fix or ask as a price ; 
require in exchange : as, to charge $5 a ton for 
coal. (6) To fix or set down at a price named ; 
assibilation, OF. (AF.) "care, kark, > ME. cark, 
a load, anxiety, mod. E. cark, anxiety), = Sp. 
cargo (>E. cargo), a load, = Pg. cargo, a charge, 
office, = It. carico, carco, a load, etc. (see car- 
go); from the verb.] 1. A load; a weight; a 
1 1 , y*- 7 / 1 **WW LliC VC51W.I A, ^i AUjfcU * Hi WCllilll I 
11 at a given rate : as, to charge coal at $5 a burden : used either literally or figuratively! 
ton. 6. To hold liable for payment; enter a 
debit against: as, A charged B for the goods. 
7. To accuse : followed by with before the thing 
of which one is accused: as, to charge a man 
with theft. 
In all this Job sinned not nor charged God foolishly 
Job i. 22. 
If he did that wrong you charge him inth, 
His angel broke his heart. Tennyson, Sea Dreams. 
Of fruit it [the tree] bore so ripe a charge 
That alle men it might fede. 
Gou'er, Oonf. Amant., I. 137. 
It is noo worschip, but a charge, lordschip to taaste. 
Hymns to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. S.), p. 87. 
'Tis a great charge to come under one body's hand 
Shak., M. W. of W., i. 4. 
2. The quantity of anything which an appa- 
ratus, as a gun, an electric battery, etc., is in- 
charge 
tended I,, receive iiml fitted In hold, or what it 
.irtii;illy contains as a load. S|,c,-iti,-all.\ /; The 
aim Mint of ore, tln\, and tile], in .liir pi,,j,n[ t j,,n. I., l.r led 
iiito a furnace at any one time, (li) In elect., the quantity 
of statical cleetririu .lixtrilmtod over the surf ace of a 
body, as a prime Conductor or lx-ydeli jar. 'I be 
of a body ma> lie either free to pa, oil to am , tiler l,,,d\ 
(as the earth) with which It I* oooneoted, or t 1 1,\ the 
inductive action f a neighboring elialw "1 an ,,]i|,'.jsite 
kind. Sec Induction. 
If a In, I],, u closed conducting bo-ly be charged, how- 
ever highly, With electricity, the whole of the rlinri/f is 
found upon tl iti-ide Mirl'ace. and no in- \\liatc\ir on 
the inside. J. K. 11. ',',./>/<,, Elect, and Mai:.. I. :.,. 
Hence 3f. The case or tube used to contain 
the charge of a gun ; a cartridge-case. 
Suiililicn . . . levied in the l.o\\e Countries, . . . called 
by the general! name- of Wallon lies liaie n>ed to haiiL' 
about their neckes upon a bandrick or border, or at their 
girdles, certain pipes, which they call clmrnr". of copper 
and till, . . . which they tbinkc in skirmish to he the in,,-t 
ready way. Quoted in <;,;,.: MH,I,I, . i /;</., 11.2111. Dote, 
4. In England, a quantity of lead of somewhat 
uncertain amount, but supposed to be 36 pigs, 
each pig containing 6 stone of 12 pounds each. 
5. A unit of weight used in Brabant up to 
1820, being 400 Brabant pounds, equal to 414 
pounds avoirdupois. 6. A corn-measure used 
in southern France. The old charge of Marseilles 
was 154.8 liters ; the new charge (still used, and also at 
Nice) to 189^8 liters, or4j United States bushels. In other 
places the charge varied, being generally less than at Mar 
seilles. Thus, at Tarascon it was only 1.6 bushels, but at 
Toulon it is said to have exceeded 13 bushels. The charge, 
of oil at Montpellier was 48J United States gallons. 
7. A pecuniary burden, encumbrance, tax, or 
lien; cost; expense. 
Mouths without hands ; maintained at vast expense, 
In peace a charge, in war a weak defence. 
Dfyden, Gym. and Iph., 1. 40-2. 
From his excellent learning, and some relation he had 
to Sr R. Browne, I bore his charges into England. 
Evelyn, Diary, Feb. 1, 1652. 
He had been at a considerable charge In white gloves, 
periwigs, and snuff-boxes. 
Addison, Trial of Ladies' Quarrels. 
8. That which constitutes debt in commercial 
transactions ; the sum payable as the price of 
anything bought or any service rendered ; an 
entry; the debit side of an account. 9. A 
duty enjoined upon or intrusted to one ; care ; 
custody; oversight. 
I gave my brother Ilanani . . . charge over Jerusalem. 
Neh. vii. 2. 
He inquired many things, as well concerning the princes 
which had the charge of the city, whether they were in 
hope to defend the same. Knolles, Hist. Turks. 
A hard division, when the harmless sheep 
Must leave their lambs to hungry wolves in charge. 
Fairfax. 
10. Anything committed to another's custody, 
care, concern, or management ; hence, specifi- 
cally, a parish or congregation committed to 
the spiritual care of a pastor : as, he removed 
to a new charge. 
He hath shook hands with time ; his funeral urn 
Shall be my charge. Ford, Broken Heart, v. 2. 
Sure you have injur'd Her, and Phylax too ; 
For she's my Charge, and you shall find it so. 
J. Beaumont, Psyche, ii. 121. 
He will enter on a system of regular pastoral visiting 
among his charge will explore his field to its utmost 
limits. W. M. Baker, New Timothy, p. 324. 
lit. Heed; attention. Chaucer. 
To doe this to any purpose, will require both charge, 
patience and experience. 
Quoted in Capt. John Smith's True Travels, II. 85. 
12f. A matter of importance, or for considera- 
tion; importance; value. 
To him that meneth wel, it were no charge. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 1429. 
Because . . . the sayd Chest is of charge, we desire you 
to haue a speciall regard vnto it. 
Ilafcluyt's Voyages, I. 341. 
13. An order; an injunction; a mandate; a 
command. 
This Prince (Richard 1. 1 not favouring the Jews, as his 
Father had done, had given a strict Charr/e, that no Jew 
should be admitted to be a Spectator of the Solemnity. 
Baker, Chronicles, p. 62. 
14. (a) An address delivered by a bishop to 
the clergy of his diocese, or in ordination ser- 
vices by a clergyman to the candidate receiv- 
ing ordination, or to the congregation or church 
receiving him as pastor; also, any similar ad- 
dress delivered for the purpose of giving special 
instructions or advice. 
The bishop has recommended this author in his charge 
to the clergy. Dryden. 
(b) An address delivered by a judge to a jury 
at the close of a trial, instructing them as to 
the legal points, the weight of evidence, etc., 
affecting their verdict in the case: as, the 
judge's charge bore hard upon the prisoner. 
