charioteering 
Good charioteering is exhibited, tint l>y furious lashing 
of the horses, but hy judicious management uf the reins. 
Aini. 
chariot-mant (char'i-ot-man), n. The driver 
of a chariot. 
He aid to his chariot man. Turn thine hand, that tlmu 
mayest carry me out of the host. 2 Chron. xviii. x;. 
chariot-race (ehar'i-ot-ras), . A race with 
chariots ; an ancient sport in which chariots 
were driven in contest for a prize. 
charism (kar'izm)j n. [< <>r. x"/ Ha P a i ft gift, < 
X<iiii&aOai, favor, gratify, give, < X<*P l i favor, 
grace, < x a 'P elv > rejoice, be glad, akin to L. .'/''"- 
tits, pleasant, gratia, grace : see grateful and 
grace.} Eeeles., a special spiritual gift or pow- 
er divinely conferred, as on the early Christians. 
These Rifts were of two classes, the gift uf Mating and the 
gift of teaching, the latter again being of two kinds, tin- 
gift of prophecy and the gift of tongues. Such gifts have 
been claimed iu later ages by certain teachers and sects ill 
the church, as the Montanists and the Irviiigitcs, and In 
recent times by some of those who practise the so-called 
faith-cure. 
They (spiritual gifts! are called charimns or gifts of 
grace, as distinguished from, though not opposed to, nat- 
ural endowments. Schatf, Hist. Christ. Church, I. 45. 
931 
Charity (char'i-ti), i. ; pi. charities (-tiz). [Early 
mod. E. also eka/ritle, < MK. i-lmriti; < OF. <//- 
ritr, rliitritfit, fiiritrii, F. <'harite(OF. also in ver- 
micular form chrrtr, > ME. chrrtf) = 1'r. nn-itnl 
= Sp. cnriilail = Pg. ciiriilailf = It. cnrita,<. L. 
carita(t-)s, dearness, love, in LL. esp. Chris- 
tian love, benevolence, charity, < cams, dear, 
prob. orig. "camrus, related to amare (orig. 
"camare ?), love : see amor, and see c/ieer 2 (obs. ), 
the orig. adj. accompanying charity.} 1. In 
New Testament usage, love, iu its highest and 
broadest manifestation. , 
Nrithcr deeth, neither lyfe, . . . neither noon other 
creature mai departe us fro the charite of God that is in 
jesu crist oure lord. M>-/i/, Horn. viii. 39. 
This I think fliarity, to love God for himself, and our 
neighbour forded Sir T. Browne, Itcligio Medici, ii. 14. 
Our whole practical dntie In religion is contained in 
charitie, or the love of God and our neighbour. 
Miltim, Civil Power. 
2. In a general sense, the good affections men 
ought to feel toward one another; good will. 
Charisma (ka-riz'ma), n. ; pi. cluirismata (-ma- 
tii). [NL.] Same as cliarixiit. 
Schleiermacher was accustomed to say of Bleek that he 
possessed a special charinma for the science of " Intro- 
duction." Jiiicyc. Brit., III. 823. 
As yet the church constitution was not determined by 
the idea of office alone, that of charixmata (spiritual gifts) 
still having wider scope alongside of the other. 
KIKIJC. Brit., XIX. 675. 
charitable (char'i-ta-bl), a. [< ME. charitable, 
< OF. charitable, F. "charitable = It. caritatevole, 
< ML. "caritatabilis, caritabilis, irreg. < L. cari- 
ta(t-)s, charity: see charity.} Pertaining to or 
characterized by charity, (a) Disposed to exhibit 
charity ; disposed to supply the wants of others ; benevo- 
lent and kind ; benetlcent. 
She was so charitable and so pitous 
She wolde wepe if that she sawe a mous 
Caught in a trappe, if it were deed or bledde. 
Chaucer. 
A man may bestow great sums on the poor and indigent 
without being charitable, and may be charitable when he 
is not able to bestow anything. 
Addison, A Friend of Mankind. 
(6) Pertaining to almsgiving or relief of the poor ; spring- 
ing from charity, or intended for charity : as, a charitable 
enterprise ; a charitable institution. 
How shall we then wish . . % to live ourlives over again 
to order to nil every moment with charitable offices ! 
Atterbury. 
(c) Lenient in judging of others ; not harsh ; favorable : as, 
a charitable judgment of one's conduct. 
Those temporizing proceedings to some may seeme too 
charitable, to such a daily daring trecherous people. 
Quoted in Capt. John Smith's True Travels, I. 220. 
Charitable Trusts Acts, English statutes establishing 
a board for the control of the administration of charities 
and for regulating them : one In 1853 (16 and 17 Viet., c. 
137), another in 1855 (18 and 19 Viet., c. 124), and another 
in 1860 (23 and 24 Viet., c. 136). Charitable uses, in 
law, uses such as will sustain a gift or bequest as a chanty. 
See charity, 8. Charitable Uses Act, an English stat- 
ute of 1861 (24 and 25 Viet., c. 9), amending the law relat- 
ing to the conveyance of land for charitable uses. It 
makes such conveyances valid even if the deed is not In- 
dented, or if it contains reservations to the donor, or if, 
in cases of copy -holds, etc., there is no deed. =Syn, Gen- 
erous, indulgent. 
charitableness (char'i-ta-bl-nes), n. [< chari- 
table + -ness.'] The quality of being charitable ; 
the disposition to be charitable; the exercise 
of charity. 
A less mistaken charitableness. 
Milton, On Def. of Hurnb. Eemonst. 
He seemed to me, by his faith and by his charitableness, 
to include in his soul some grains of the golden age. 
Boyle, Works, I. 76. 
charitably (char'i-ta-bli), adv. 1. In a charita- 
ble manner; liberally; beneficently. 
How can they charitably dispose of anything, when blood 
is their argument? Shak., Hen. V., iv. 1. 
2. Indulgently; considerately; kindly; with 
leniency m judgment: as, to be charitably dis- 
posed toward all men. 
"1'is best sometimes your censure to restrain, 
And charitably let the dull be vain. 
Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1. 697. 
Charitativet (char'i-ta-tiv), a. [After Sp. Pg. 
It. caritatieo, < ML. caritativux, < L. carita(t-)g, 
charity : see charity and -ive.] Arising from or 
influenced by chanty ; charitable. 
Charitative considerations, a respect to which was strict- 
ly had in all the doctor's writings. 
Bp. Fell, Life of Hammond, 1. 
charitoust, a. [ME. charitous, < ML. caritosus, 
< L. caritas: see charity.] Charitable. 
To him that wroughte charite 
He was ayeinward charitous, 
And to pite he was pitous. 
Oower, Conf. Amant., I. 172. 
t'irtt Gent. But, i' faith, dost thou think my lady was 
never In love? 
Sec. Qent. I rather think she was ever in love ; in per- 
fect charity, I mean, with all the world. 
Beau, and Fl., Knight of Malta, L 2. 
I would the great world grew like the*, 
Who growest not alone in power 
And knowledge, but by year and hour 
In reverence and In charity. 
Tennynon, In Memoriam, cxiv. 
charlatanically 
charity-child (char'i-ti -child), n. A child 
liroiiglit up in a charity-school or on a charita- 
l>lc foundation. 
charity-girl (diar'i-ti-gerl), . A girl brought 
ii]i at a charity-school or on a charitable foun- 
dation. 
charity-school ( char 'i-ti -skill), n. A school 
maintained by voluntary contributions or be- 
quests, for educating, and in many cases for 
lodging, feeding, and clothing, poor children. 
charivari (shar-i-var'i), H. [Also, iii I'. S., c//i- 
rurnri, r///iv/;r/ , < K. fli ii rirti ri, < OF. rliiiliriiri, 
carilniri. i-iilii-iili/, i'/iiilii-ii/i = I'r. rtirtiril (ML. 
carivui-iinii, rlim-nrui-itum, rhuriiraritt, i-lmraval- 
l/i/iii, flnilrni icuiii, cliiilriii-itinii, etc.); cf. G. 
/.i-iiiriill ; orig. form uncertain, the word being, 
like others supposed to be imitative, fancifully 
varied.] A mock serenade, with kettles, horns, 
etc., intended as an annoyance or insult. Sere- 
nades of this nort were formerly inllirti d in Knince upon 
newly married eoiiples and upon jiolitic-ill) unpopular per- 
sons, and are still occasionally heard in the Vnited States, 
where they are also know n as rtitlitlitn/ijiiuii H,,,V,YX. 
We . . . played a cAariwm'with the ruler and desk, the 
fender and fire-irons. Charlotte Brutitr, Jane Eyre, xvii. 
There is a respectable difference . . . between a mob 
and a charivari. O. W. Cable, Old Creole Days, p. 203. 
chark 1 (chark), r. i. [< ME. charken, chcrken, 
chorkcn, < AS. cearcian, creak, crack (e. g., as the 
teeth when gnashed together) ; a var., by trans- 
position, of crucian, crack : an imitative word : 
Specifically 3. Benevolence; liberality in re- ge e crack 1 , and cf. chirk. Cf. chark2 { charcoal.] 
lieving the wants of others ; philanthropy. i. To creak; crack; emit a creaking sound. 
[Now chiefly prov. Eng.] 
And it ys callyd so be cause Duke Fhillpp of Burgone 
byldyd it of hys grett Charitie to Receye Pylgryms therin. 
Torkington, Diarie of Eng. Travel!, p. 24. 
She is a poor wench, and I took her in 
Upon mere charity. Beau, and Fl. , Coxcomb, v. 3. 
But the active, habitual, and detailed charity of private 
persons, which is so conspicuous a feature in all Christian 
societies, was scarcely known in antiquity, and there are 
not more than two or three moralists who have noticed it. 
Lecky, Europ. Morals, II. 84. 
4. Any act of kindness or benevoletfce; a good 
deed in behalf of another: as, it would be a 
charity to refrain from criticizing him. 
At one of those pillars an arch is turned, and an earthen 
vase is placed under it ; which, by some charity, is kept 
full of Nile water, for the benefit of travellers. 
I'ococke, Description of the East, I. 13. 
Specifically 5. Alms; anything bestowed gra- 
tuitously on a person or persons in need. 
The ant did well to reprove the grasshopper for her 
slothfulness ; but she did ill then to refuse her a charity in 
her distress. Sir R. L' Estrange. 
It was not in dress, nor feasting, nor promiscuous char- 
ities that his chief expenses lay. Macaulay. 
Let us realize that this country, the last found, is the 
great charity of God to the human race. 
Emerson, Fortune of the Rep., p. 421. 
6. Liberality or allowance in judging others 
and their actions ; a disposition inclined to fa- 
vorable judgments. 
The highest exercise of charity is charity towards the 
uncharitable. Buckminster. 
7. A charitable institution ; a foundation for 
the relief of a certain class of persons by alms, 
education, or care ; especially, a hospital. 
A patron of some thirty charities. 
Tennyson, Princess, Conclusion. 
8. In late, a gift in trust for promoting the wel- 
fare of the community or of mankind at large, 
or some indefinite part of it, as an endowment 
for a public hospital, school, church, or library, 
as distinguished from a gift which, being for the 
benefit of particular persons, gives them a right 
to its enjoyment. Early in the history of English law, 
the chancellors established the rule that informalities and 
illegalities which by the common law would invalidate a 
private trust should not be allowed to defeat a public chari- 
ty, and that therefore chancery should intervene to prevent 
the heirs or next of kin from defeating such a gift, should 
appoint a trustee if none existed, and, if any of the direc- 
tions of the founder were impracticable, should supply 
others approximate thereto. The most familiar application 
of the rule is in the doctrine that the prohibition against 
perpetuities does not affect a charity. (See perpetuity.) 
The question what constitutes a charity within this rule 
has been the subject of much litigation. Brothers Of 
Charity, (a) A religious order founded by St. John of God 
at Seville in Spain about 1540, and extended over Spain 
and France, now having about 100 houses, (d) An or- 
der founded by Cardinal Rosmini-Serbati, in Italy, in 1828. 
It has a number of houses in England. Charity com- 
missioner. See commissioner. Knights of Christian 
Charity. See knight. Sisters Of Charity, nuns who 
minister to and instruct the poor and nurse the sick ; 
specifically, a congregation with annual vows founded hy 
Vincent de Paul in France about 1633, and since widely 
spread ; also, a congregation with perpetual vows founded 
at Dublin in Ireland in 1815, by Mrs. Mary Frances Aiken- 
head, distinctively called the Irish Sisters of Charity. 
= Syn. Liberality, Generosity, etc. (see beneficence), indul- 
gence, forbearance. 
charity-boy (ehar'i-ti-boi), n. A boy brought np 
at a charity-school or on a charitable foundation. 
Y schal charke vndur 3ou, as a wayn chargid with hei 
charkith. Wyclif, Amos ii. 13(Purv.). 
Charkun, as a carte or barow or othyr thynge lyke, ar- 
guo; alii dicunt stridere. Prompt. Pan., p. 70. 
Cherkyn, or chorkyn, or fracchyn, as newe cartes or 
plowys, strideo. Prompt. Pan., p. 76. 
2. To crack open; chap; chop. [Prov. Eng.] 
chark 2 (chark), r. t. [< charcoal, early mod. E. 
charke-colt, analyzed as chark (taken to mean 
'char') + coal; but orig. < chark, creak, + coal: 
see charcoal, and cf. char?, of similar origin.] 
1. To subject to a process of smothered com- 
bustion, for the production of charcoal ; char. 
See char' 2 , which is the usual word. 
Oh, if this coale could be so charcked as to make iron 
melt out of the stone 1 Fuller, Worthies, Shropshire. 
If it flames not out, charks him to a coal. 
N. Grew, Cosmologia Sacra. 
Like wood charked for the smith. Johnson. 
2. [Appar. a particular use of the preceding; 
cf. burn 1 , v., I., 7.] To expose (new ale) to the 
air in an open vessel until it acquires a de- 
gree of acidity and therewith becomes clearer 
and sourer, fit for drinking. Ualliwell. [Prov. 
Eng.] 
Chark 2 t (chark), n. [See chark%, v., and char- 
coal, and cf. char%, n.] Charcoal. 
I contrived to burn some wood here, as I had seen done 
in England, under turf, till it became chark or dry coat 
Defue, Robinson Crusoe. 
charka (char'ka), n. [Russ., lit. a glass (= 
Lith. cherka, a" glass), dim. of chara = Pol. 
csara, a cup.] A Russian liquid measure, a lit- 
tle smaller than a gill. It was formerly one eighty- 
eighth of a wedro, but since 1818 is one one-hundredth of 
a wedro, or 0.135 United States quart. 
charker (char'ker), n. [< chark (cf. chirk) + 
-!.] A cricket. [Scotch.] 
charlatan (shar'la-tan), n. [< F. charlatan, < 
Sp. charlatan = Pg.'charlatfto = It. ciarlatano, 
a quack, < It. ciarlare = Sp. Pg. charlar, prate, 
chatter, jabber, gabble, prob. an alteration 
(originating in Sp.) of It. parlare = Sp. Pg. 
parlar = F. parlcr, talk: see parle, parley.} 
One who pretends to knowledge, skill, impor- 
tance, etc., which he does not possess ; a pre- 
tender; a quack, mountebank, or empiric. 
Saltimbancoes, Quacksalvers, and Charlatans deceive 
them [the people] in lower degrees. 
Sir T. Brmme, Vulg. Err., L 3. 
The grand old name of gentleman, 
Defamed by every charlatan, 
And soil'd with all ignoble use. 
Tennyson, In Memoriam, cxL 
= Syn. Impostor, cheat, pretender ; Mountebank, etc. (see 
quack). 
charlatanic (shar-la-tan'ik), a. [< charlatan 
+ -ic.] Pertaining'to or of the character of a 
charlatan; quackish: as, charlatanic tricks; a 
rharlntanic boaster. 
charlatanlcal (shar-la-tan'i-kal), a. Same as 
charlatan ic. 
A cowardly soldier, and a charlatanical doctor, are the 
principal subjects of comedy. C&wley. 
charlatanically (shiir-la-tan'i-kal-i), adv. In 
a charlatanic manner; like a charlatan. 
