chevronel 953 
chevronel (shcv'rp-nel), . [Dim. of chevron.] MHO. chouch = E. chough : see chough and coe.] 
In her., a bearing 'like the chevron, but of only An impertinent chatterer, 
half its width ; a half-chevron. See checeronny. p ca ce, chtwet, peace. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., v. 1. 
Chevron-molding (shev'ron-m61"ding), n. See chewing-ball (cho'ing-bal), . A medicinal ball 
cliecroii, 2. 
chevronny (shev-ron'i), a. Samoasc/iem-onm/. 
Chevronways (shev'ron-waz), adv. 
Chevronwise (shev'ron-wiz), adv. t 
+ -wige.] In her., divided by lines having the 
direction of a chevron. 
chevron- work (shev'ron-werk), n. In arch., 
see chceroii, '2. 
chevrotain (sliev'ro-taii), . [Also formerly 
elteerotin; < F. okevrotain, < OF. chi-rml, dim. of 
eheere, < L. eapra, a goat : see </<< r 1 . ] A name 
chiastre 
II. n. Of or pertaining to light and shade in 
painting, drawing, or engraving. 
The (ireek or Chiaroscuro school ... is directed pri- 
Tiiuiil) t" tin- attahiiiient of tlie power of representing 
form by pure contrast of light and ilia<le. 
Jtuskin, Lectures on Art, 5 159. 
Also clair-obscurc, clarc-obsciirc. 
chiasm (ki'azm), n. [< NL. ehiasnui, < Gr. %'- 
aa/ia, two lines crossed, < x'<*Z>'v, marked with 
two lines crossed as in the letter X, x- < X't the 
letter X, x, c/ii, represented by L. at, in form 
by L. X, x. Cf. decussate.] In until., a de- 
cussatiou or intersection; specifically, the de- 
cussatiou of the optic nerves which occurs in 
nearly all vertebrates. See second cut under 
brat*. 
The optic chiasm doubtless is a sign of some kind of sym- 
pathetic relation between the two eyes ; but whether this 
necessarily reaches the degree which produces correspond- 
ing points Is uncertain. Le Conte, Sight, p. '-'62. 
chiasma (ki-a/.'ma), . ; pi. chiasmata (-ma-tS). 
Same a I'liiasm. 
+ bokv (Ionic), oioiif 
(oiovr-) = E. tooth.] A genus of fishes, consti- 
tuting the family Chiasmodontidte, noted for 
or bolus administered to a horse to promote or 
restore its appetite. 
ls chewing-gum (cho'ing-gum), n. See gum". 
chewink (cho-wink'), n. [Imitative of the 
bird's note.] A name of the towhee bunting, 
I'ipilo erythrophtltalmus, a fringilline bird of the 
United States. Also called ground-robin and 
nuirsli-robin. [Local, U. 8.] 
During the first week of the month [May] I heard the 
whippoorwill, the brown thrasher, the veery, the wood- 
pewee, the cheurink, and other birds. 
Tinman, Walden, p. 340. 
of the napu and other species of hornless pyg- chew-Stick (chS'stik), n. A twig of Gouania 
my deer of the genus Tragulun, resembling the Domiitgeagit, used in the West Indies for clean- 
musk-deer and often confused with it, but be- ing the teeth, and also powdered as a dentifrice, 
longing to a different family, Tragulidw. More commonly chaicstick. 
chevrotint (shev'ro-tin), n. Same smchevrotiiiii. cheyote (Sp. pron. cha-yo'ta), n. [Cuban and [NL.] __ 
The checrotin, or little guinea deer, which is the least Mex.] The name in Cuba of the fruit of the Chiasmodon, Chiasmodus (ki - as ' mo - don. 
of all cloven-footed quadruped.?, ami perhaps the most Sechium edulc, a cucurbitaceous plant. It is ,].,,,> ,. rTCT, < Gr riaaua two lines blaced 
33S Animated Nature II. 60. much d ag ' a vegot ble . A1 % c , clto . ^^ ^^f&FgSuf 
chevy, chivy (chevi, chiv i), v. t.; pret. and cheyotilla (Sp. pron. cha-yo-tel ya), n. [Mex.. 
pp. clteri( il,i-li i 'riefl,pfT. chevying, rliii-i/int/. [Also dim. of cheyote.] A cucurbitaceous plant of 
written chercy, chivey, chivvy; origin obscure. Mexico, Hanburia MexicanOj bearing a four- 
See first extract.] To chase about or hunt from seeded spiny fruit of the size of an orange, 
place to place ; throw or pitch about ; worry, which at maturity bursts suddenly and throws 
[Slang.] the seeds to a considerable distance. 
Chivvy is a common English word, meaning to goad, chia (che'a), n. [Sp. chia, the lime-leaf ed sage, 
drive, vex, hunt, or throw as it were here and there. It fjafaia titicefulia.} The name among the In- 
1s purely Gypsy. Chiv in Romany means anything sharp- j- f Mforipn anrl Arirona of several snecies 
pointed, as a dagger or goad, or knife. The old Gypsy <H a n8 OI Mexico ana Arizona O 
word chiv, among its numerous meanings, has exactly of Salvia, especially f>. Columbaria;, the seeds 
that of casting, throwing, pitching, and driving. of which are used for making a pleasant muci- 
j .. L C.G.Leland. i a gi nous <jrink, and also as food. B | ack swallower :*.<.*<**> 
One poor fellow was chevied about among the casks in fjh| a j, (ki'an) a K L Chius (Gr Xioo) pertain- 
TRSaE'W.i n,.;... :. iZ {&* voracity and for the enormous distensibility of 
their stomach and integuments, which permits 
them to swallow fishes larger than themselves. 
C. niger, the black swallower, is the only known 
species. 
chiasmodontid (ki-as-mo-don'tid), n. A fish of 
the family Chittsmodonti'da?. 
pi. 
family of 
acanthopterygian fishes, typified by Chiasmo- 
don, its only genus. They have an elongated subcylin- 
dric or slightly tapering form ; subconic head ; deeply cleft 
mouth reaching beyond the eyes, with numerous long, 
sharp, and in part movable teeth ; naked skin ; two dorsal 
nns ; anal fin like the second dorsal ; and thoracic ventral 
fins. Only one species is known, Chiattmttdon nvjer, a deep- 
sea fish of wide distribution in the Atlantic ocean. See 
black swalloicer, under stcalltncer. 
Chiasmodus, n. See Chiasmodon. 
phin, wliich kept pace with us to the windward In the 
wake of a timid, lovely prey it was chimyiny. 
W. C. Riusscll, Jack's Courtship, xlvi. 
chevy, chivy (chev'i, ehiv'i), n. [< chevy, chivy, 
v.] A halloo: a shout; a cheer. [Slang.] 
chevynt, See checen. 
chew (cho), v. [Early mod. E. and mod. colloq. 
and dial, also chaw ; < ME. cheiven, cheowen, < 
AS. cedwan (pret. cedw, pi. cuwon, ,jpr>. coicen) = 
[< L. Chins (Gr. Xiof ), pertain- 
_ o , 'Chios, Chius, Gr. X/of, Chios, now 
Scio.] Pertaining to Chios, an island in the 
^Egean sea, now belonging to Turkey. 
That blind bard, who on the Chian strand . . . 
Beheld the Iliad and the Odyssey 
Rise to the swelling of the voiceful sea. 
Coleridge, Fancy In Nubibus. 
Chlan earth, 
use*" 
met 
cured f] 
tence of honey, clear, and yellowish-white. 
the family ChiasmodontkUe. 
Ian earth, a dense compact kind of earth from Chios, m.s a O Tnn<lnntids Cld-as-mo-don'ti-del n 
id anciently in medicine as an astringent and as a cos- UmasmottOntK IK (to as mo lion tl ae), n. 
tic. Chlan or Cyprus turpentine, turpentine pro- [NL., < Chiasmodon(t-) + -too;.} A Tamil 
red from the PUtama Tenbinthu*. It is of the consis- acanthopterygian fishes, typified by Chiai 
D. kaauwen = MLG. Tceuwen = OHG. chiuwan, Chianti(ke-an'ti),. [It.] Properly, a red wine 
MHG. kiuwen, G. kamn, prob. (with change of c of Tuscany, grown in the region between Siena 
to t, cf. crane = Icel. trani, etc.) = Icel. tyggja and Arezzo ; as used in Great Britain and the 
Sw. tugga = Dan. tygge, chew, = Buss, zhecati United States, any dry red wine of Tuscany, or 
= OBulg. zivati, chew. Cf . cliavel, chawl, chowl, any Italian wine of different color which has 
jowl.] I. trans. 1. To bite and grind with the a similar flavor, 
teeth; masticate, as food, preparatory to swal- chiaoust, : See chouse. 
lowing and digestion. 
And while the flesh was yet between their teeth, ere it 
was chewed, the wrath of the Lord was kindled against the 
people. Num. xi. S3. 
2. Figuratively, to ruminate on in the thoughts ; 
meditate on. 
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and 
some few to be chewed and digested. Bacon, Studies. 
TO Chew the cud, to ruminate ; figuratively, to meditate. 
These shall ye not eat of them that chew the cud, or of 
them that divide the hoof : as the camel, because he chew- 
eth the cud, but divideth not the hoof. Lev. xi. 4. 
= Syn. 1. Bite, Otutw, etc. See eat. 
II. intrans. 1. To perform the act of biting 
and grinding with the teeth ; champ; ruminate. 
Specifically 2. To press or grind tobacco be- 
tween the teeth for the sake of its flavor or stim- 
ulating effects. [Colloq.] 3. Figuratively, to 
meditate; reflect. 
Till then, my noble friend, chew upon this. 
Shak., J. C., i. 2. 
Let 'em rest there, 
And chew upon their miseries. 
Fletcher, Humorous Lieutenant, iii. 3. 
Old politicians chew on wisdom past. 
Pope, Moral Essays, i. 228. 
chew (cho), n. [< chew, v.] That which is 
chewed ; that which is held in the mouth at 
one time ; especially, a quid of tobacco, 
chewagh (che-wa') n. [Chinook.] The Dolly 
Varden trout, Salvelinus malma : so called in 
British Columbia. 
chewer (cho'er), . One who chews; specifi- 
cally, one in the habit of chewing tobacco. 
chewetH (cho'et), n. [Perhaps formed from 
chew.] A kind of pie made from chopped sub- 
stances. 
Chewettes were small pies of chopped-up livers of pigs, 
hens, and capons, fried in grease, mixed with hard eggs 
and ginger, and then fried or baked. 
Babeea Book(R. E. T. 8.), note, p. 287. 
Bottles of wine, chewets, and currant-custards. 
Middleton, The Witch, ii. 1. 
chewet 2 t (chS'et). n. [< F. chottette, an owl, a 
daw, dim. of OF. choue, choe, an owl, prob. < 
Chiaroscurist (kia/ros-ko ' rist), n. and a. [< chiasmus (ki-as'mus), n. [< Qr.xiaa/j6f,< xta&iv, 
mark with two cross-lines: see chiasm.] In 
rhet., the arrangement of repeated, parallel, or 
contrasted words or phrases in two pairs, the 
second of which reverses the order of the first : 
as. do not live to eat, but eat to lire ; or as in the 
following quotation : 
The children ought not to lay up for the paren ts, but the 
parents for the children. 2 Cor. xii. 14. 
chiaroscuro + -ist.] I. . An artist who draws 
in chiaroscuro. 
The most perfect discipline is that of the colourists ; for 
they see and draw everything, while the chiaroscurists 
must leave much Indeterminate in mystery or invisible in 
gloom. Ruikin, Lectures on Art, 159. 
U. a. Executed in chiaroscuro, or by a chia- 
roscurist. 
Here is one of the sprays of oak. . . . Beside it, I put a chiastic (ki-as'tik), a. [< Gr. 
chia.rosmrist drawing, . . . Durer's. from nature, of the 
common wild wall-cabbage. JtusHn, Lectures on Art, 1 160. 
chiaroscuro, chiaro-oscuro (kia"ros-ko'ro, 
kia^ro-os-ko'ro), n. and a. [It. (= F. clair- 
obscur, > E. clair-obscure), lit. clear-obscure: 
chiaro, < L. clarus, clear; oscuro, < L. obscurus, 
obscure: see clear, a., and obscure.] I. n. 1. 
Light and shade ; specifically, the general distri- 
bution of light and shade in a picture, whether 
painted, drawn, or engraved that is, the com- 
bined effect of all its lights, shadows, and re- 
flections. Strictly speaking, however, every 
object on which light strikes has its own chia- 
roscuro. 
According to the common acceptation of the term in the 
language of Art, chiaro-oscuro means not only the mutable 
effects produced by light and shade, but also the perma- 
nent differences in brightness and darkness. 
Fairholt, Diet of Art. 
(Vase-painters) abstained, as a rule, in their designs 
from all combinations and groupings which could not be 
expressed without more chiaroscuro than was compatible 
with their simple monochrome outlines. 
C. T. Xeieton, Art and Archreol., p. 386. 
2. A drawing in black and white. 3. A method 
of printing engravings from several blocks rep- 
resenting lighter and darker shades, used espe- 
cially in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries ; 
also, an engraving so printed. 
Between 1722 and 1724, Kirkall published by subscrip- 
tion twelve chiaroscuros engraved by himself, chiefly af- 
ter designs by old Ita'ian masters. In these chiaroscuros 
the outlines and the darker parts of the figures are printed 
from copper-plates, and the sepia-coloured tints are after- 
ward impressed from wood blocks. 
Chatto, Wood Engraving, p. 451. 
f, arranged 
diagonally (verbal adj. of ^(dCv: see chiasm, 
chiasmus), + -ic.] In rhet., of the nature of 
chiasmus. 
\oticeable in Sallust is the chiastic arrangement citus 
modo modo tardus incessus, which found few Imitators. 
Amer. Jour. Philol., VI. 503. 
chiastolite (ki-as'to-lit), . [< Gr. ^Hzorof, ar- 
ranged diagonally (sec chiastic), + /./0of, stone.] 
A variety of andalusite, peculiar in the tessel- 
Sections of a Crystal of Chiastolite. 
lated appearance which it presents when cut 
transversely and polished. The dark portions 
are due to symmetrically arranged impurities in 
the crystal. Also called made. 
Chiastoneura (ki-as-to-nu'rS), n. j>l. [NL., < 
Gr. x laar ^> arranged diagonally (see chiastic), 
+ vevpov, nerve.] In Gegenbaur's system of 
classification, a division of prosobranchiate 
gastropodous mollusks, including the two series 
of the Zeugobranchia and the Anisobranchia. 
The former are represented by such genera as Fitimrella 
and Haliotis, the latter by Patella, Trochus, Littorina, etc. 
chiastoneural (ki-as-to-nu'ral), a. [< Chiag- 
toiieura + -al.] Same 'as chiastotieurous. 
chiastoneurous (kl-as-to-nu'rus), a. [< Chias- 
toneura + -ous.] Pertaining to or having the 
characters of the Chiastoneura. 
chiastre (ki-as'ter), . [F. form, < Gr. jiaorof, 
arranged diagonally: see chiastic.] Insurer., a 
