chlaeua 
chlaena (kle'nil), . ; pi. M truce (-ne). [< Gr. 
\\alva = L. liviia, a cloak, mantle : see Icena.} 
In anc. Or. costume, a warm shaggy mantle of 
wool, protecting the wearer from cold and raiu. 
It was equivalent to the Roman laana (which 
see). 
ChlEeniidse (kle-m'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Chltenius 
+ -/<ta'.] A family of Colcoptcra, typified by 
the genus Clilit'itiny. Kirby, 1837. 
Chlsenius (kle'ni-us), . [NL.] A genus of 
adephagous beetles, referred to the family Cara- 
feifte, or made the type of a family Chltcniidii: 
They are of medium size und usually purplish or of green- 
ish bronzed color, and have an odor like that of morocco 
leather. C. *n-irrtix and C. touuntomt are two species of 
the United States. 
chlak(klak), . [Heb.] In Hebrew chronology, 
a unit of time, equal to the 1080th part of an 
hour, or 3J seconds. 
chlamydate (klam'i-dat), a. [< L. chlamys 
(chlamytl-), a mantle (see chlamys), + -ate 1 .} 
Provided with a mantle or pallium, as a mol- 
lusk; palliate: the opposite of achlamydate. 
The chlamydate Branchiogasteropods are usually pro- 
vided with bninchiie. Huxley, Auat. Invert., p. 437. 
chlamydeous (kla-mid'e-us), . [< Gr. ^/a/''f 
(X^a/iv6-), a mantle (envelop), + -eons.} In bot., 
pertaining to the floral envelop of a plant. 
chlamydes, w. Plural of chlamys. 
Ohlamydoconcha (klam"i-do-kong'ka), . 
[NL., < Gr. x'^/'i'S (x*af8-), a mantle, + Koyn, 
shell.] The typical genus of the family Clila- 
mydoconchidts. The only known species is C. 
oreutti, of California. W. B. Doll, 1884. 
Chlamydoconchidae (klam"i-do-kong'ki-de), . 
pi. [NL., < dlilamydoconcha + -idtc.} A family 
of pelecypods or lamellibranchs, based on the 
genus Chlamydoconcha, having the shell rudi- 
mentary and internal, and without muscular or 
pallial impressions, adductors, hinge, or teeth. 
Also Chlamydoconcha;. W. H. Dull, 1884. 
Ohlamydodera (klam-i-dod'e-ra), . [NL. 
(Agassiz), first used in the contr. form Chlamy- 
dera (J. Gould, 1840); < Gr. xfap l 'f (x' /M f L ' u6 -\ a 
mantle, + 6kpn, neck.] A genus of oscine pas- 
serine Thirds of Australia, of the family Oriolidce 
and subfamily Ptilonorhynchma; ; the spotted 
bower-birds. There are four species, C. macu- 
lata, guttata, nuchalis, and cerviniventris. 
Chlamydodon (kla-mid'o-don), n. [NL. (Ehren- 
berg, 1835), < Gr. r^udf (^Xa/irf-), a mantle, + 
bduv, Ionic for oSobf (bdovr-) = E. tootli.~] The 
typical genus of Chlamydodoiitida;, having the 
body rounded behind and a distinct annular 
border of the restricted ciliate area. C. mnenio- 
syne is a species which inhabits salt water. 
Ohlamydodontidae (klam"i-do-don'ti-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < CMamydodon(t-) + -idte.} A family of 
hypotrichous ciliate inf usorians, typified by the 
genus Chlamydodon. They are free-swimming ani- 
malcules of ovate form, with convex dorsal and flattened 
ventral surface, and with elastic or indurated cuticle, more 
or less completely clothed on the ventral aspect with fine 
vibratile cilia. The oral aperture opens on the ventral 
surface, and is succeeded by a tubular pharynx, the walls 
of which are strengthened by a cylindrical bundle of cor- 
neous rods or by a simple horny tube. There is no sty- 
late appendage or fascicle of caudal setae at the posterior 
extremity. 
ChlamydophoridaB (klam"i-do-for'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Chlamydophorus + -j'oVf.] A family of 
armadillos, represented by the genus Chlamy- 
dophorus. The cephalic and dorsal portions of the cara- 
pace are continuous, the entire upper surface of the animal 
being covered with a buckler of numerous similar zones 
widening to near the end, the hinder part of the body ap- 
pearing as if truncate and covered with a special armature 
or pelvic buckler of plates concentrically arranged around 
the tail, which is small, and curved under and partly con- 
nected with the pelvis. The feet are as in other armadil- 
los, especially the xenurines ; the head is broad, and the 
ears are small and far apart. These are the smallest known 
armadillos, C. truncatus being only about 6 inches long. 
Chlamydophorus (klam-i-dof 'o-rus), . [NL., 
first used in the contr. form Chlamyphorus (Rich- 
ard Harlan, 1825), < Gr. %%a/iv<; (%Aa/iv6-), a 
cloak, + -0<5poj-, < tyepi-iv = E. bear 1 .} The typi- 
cal and only genus of armadillos of the family 
Chlamydophoridai; the pichiciagos, or truncated 
armadillos, of which there are two species, C. 
truncatus and C. retusus, inhabiting the Argen- 
tine Republic and also Bolivia. See pichiciago. 
Chlamydosaurus (klam"i-do-sa'rus), n. [NL. 
(J. E. Gray, 1840), < Gr. ^Aa/ttJf (x^fivS-), & 
cloak, + aavpof, a lizard.] A genus of strobi- 
losaurian acrodont lacertilians, of the family 
Agamidai, natives of Australia ; the frill-lizards. 
The C. kitigi has a curious crenated membrane-like ruff or 
tippet round its neck, which lies back in plaits upon the 
body when the animal is tranquil, but which is elevated 
when it is irritated or frightened. Its head is large in 
proportion to its body. A full-grown specimen is about 3 
feet in length. See cut under frill-lizard. 
070 
chlamydoselachian (klam"i-do-se-la'ki-an), a. 
and n. I. a. Of or pertaining to the CUatnydo- 
II. n. A member of the family Chlamydose- 
lackidte. 
Chlamydoselachidae (klam'i-do-se-lak'i-de), 
. pi. [NL., < Chlamydoselachus + -idai.} A 
family of selachians, typified by the genus 
Chlamydoselachus, having an extremely long 
slender form, like an eel, six gill-slits, a broad 
opercular fold continued across the throat, a 
wide terminal mouth, no nictitating membrane, 
and one dorsal fin situated opposite the anal, 
behind the ventrals. 
Chlamydoselachus (klam"i-do-sel'a-kus), . 
[NL., < Gr. xfapi'C (*' <"'<'-), cloak, 4- oiAaxoc, 
any cartilaginous fish, a shark.] The typical 
genus of selachians of the family Chlamydogr- 
lachidw. C. anquineus is a remarkable species of Japan, 
having an eel-like body feet long and scarcely 4 inches 
thick. 
chlamydospore (klam'i-do-spor), re. [< Gr. 
x"ha[i*'S (x'^ a [* v fi-)i mantle, 4- GTropd, seed, = E. 
spore.} 1. The reproductive organ in some 
fungi: so called on account of its being in- 
vested by two very distinct envelops, in the 
common iiucm- chlamydospores are formed by the con- 
densation and transformation of the protoplasm in or at 
the ends of the mycelial thread. 
2. In zool., a coated or covered spore; a spore 
with its own investment: opposed to gymno- 
spore. 
Each spore . . . has its own protective envelope, . . . 
[and] is distinguished as a chlamydospore. 
Encyc. Brit., XIX. 837. 
Chlamyphorus (kla-mif'o-rus), n. See Chla- 
mydophorus. 
chlamys (kla'mis), n. ; pi. chlamydes (-mi-dez). 
[L., < Gr. ;r/la/JiV (xtofivd-), a cloak, mantle.] 
1 . In awe. Gr. costume, a form of mantle which 
left both arms free, worn especially by eques- 
trians, hunters, and travelers, and by soldiers. 
The chlamys, which was much smaller than the himation, 
consisted of an oblong piece of stuff having three straight 
sides and one long side curved outward. It was worn 
by bringing the two ends of the straight side opposite the 
curved side together around the neck, and fastening them 
with a buckle or fibula. The buckle was pulled around to 
the front, to either shoulder, or to the back, to suit the 
convenience of the wearer. The extremities of the curved 
side were weighted so as to hang vertically ; and when the 
chlamys was caught together on one shoulder, as it was 
commonly worn, these hanging ends were likened to wings 
by the old writers. The paludamentum of the later Ro- 
man emperors was called chlamys by the Greeks. 
The chlamys [in the sculptures of the Mausoleum] float- 
ing behind the Amazon on horseback adds to its simplicity 
a massiveness of fold and general form beyond anything to 
be seen in simi- 
larly floating dra- 
pery on the oth- 
er slabs. 
A. S. Murray, 
[Greek Sculp- 
[ture, II. 299. 
2. A purple 
cope; one of 
the pontifi- 
cal vestments. 
- 3. [.cap.} 
[NL.] Inzoot.: 
(a) A genus 
of phytopha- 
gous beetles, 
of the family 
Chryxomelida or Cryptocej>haUda>, covered with 
tuberosities, having the prothorax grooved to 
receive the short autennre, and the legs com- 
pressed and retractile into cavities. The larva; 
live in sacs or cases made of their own excrement. The 
North American species are few in number and of small 
size. 
The species generally have metallic coloration, some- 
times dull ; some of them, including our commonest 
species, Chlamys plicata, so closely resemble a piece of 
caterpillar's dung that birds would not pick them from a 
leaf. The eggs of C. plicata are borne upon short pedun- 
cles, and . . . before they are protected by a coating of 
excrement or secretion by the female, they are greedily 
sought for and devoured by the males. 
Stand. Nat. Hist., II. 322. 
(6) A genus of bivalve mollusks : synonymous 
with Pecten. Bolton, 1798 ; Megerlt, 1830. 
chlanis (kla'nis), . ; pi. chlanides(-m-dez). [Gr. 
X^avif, a mantle. Of. chltena.} In anc. Gr. cos- 
tume, a small mantle of light stuff, apparently 
a small chtona, worn by women. 
Chlidonia (kli-do'ni-a), re. [NL., < Gr. ;t/l/&n>, 
an ornament, bracelet or anklet.] 1. The typi- 
cal genus of the family Chlidoniida;. 2. In 
en torn.: (a) A genus of lepidopterous insects. 
Hiibner, 1816. (6) A genus of hymenopterous 
insects. Schae/er, 1838. 
Chlidoniidse (klid-o-ni'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Chlidonia, 1, T -ida;.} A family of chilostoma- 
Chlninys plicata. 
n, CKK ! *> larva taken from the case ; f, bee- 
tle ; a, pupa ; e, larva in case ; /, p, ft, leg, 
mandible, and maxilla of larva. (Lines show 
natural sizes. ) 
chloranil 
tous polyzoans, with zooecium composed of up- 
right, free, segmented stems, springing from a 
Stolouate network. From the augments, after the find 
bifurcation, arise lateral branches, consisting of chains of 
zooecia springing from tlic back near the summit. 
chloanthite (klo-an'thit), n. [< Gr. x~ f t>i, ver- 
dure, + ucftof, flower, + -ite' 2 .} A nickel arsenid, 
occurring in tin-white to steel-gray isometric 
crystals and masses, closely allied to the cobalt 
arsenid smaltite. 
chloasma (klo-az'ma), n. [NL., < Gr. as if 
*xMaa/ia, < xtoa&iv, bo or become green, < A'^i 
verdure, grass: see chlor-, clilorin, etc.] Lit- 
erally, greenness ; in patliol,, a name for a cu- 
taneous affection characterized by patches of 
a yellow or yellowish-brown color, the pity- 
riasis versicolor, occurring most frequently on 
the neck, breast, abdomen, and groin. The 
name is also applied less definitely to a num- 
ber of brownish discolorations. 
Chloephaga (klo-ef'a-gii), . [NL. (T. C. Ey- 
ton, 1838), < Gr. *//<&) of, grass-eating, < x'^, 
verdure, grass, + <f>ayelv, eat. ] A genus of South 
American geese, of the subfamily Anserina' and 
the family Anatidce, containing such species as 
the Magellanic goose, C. magellanica. There 
are about 6 species. 
chlor-, chloro-. [NL., etc., chlor-, cliloro-, < 
Gr. x? M p6f< contr. of ^/loepof, pale-green, like 
young grass, yellowish-green, greenish-yellow, 
< x^6r/, verdure, young grass or corn, greens, 
vegetables, x^of, contr. ^oif, a yellowish- 
green color, pale green, paleness, = L. lielvm, 
light yellow, = Skt. Ann, yellow, = E. yellow, 
q. v.] An element in modern scientific com- 
pound words (chloro- before consonants), mean- 
ing 'green' or 'greenish' or 'yellowish-green' 
(see etymology). In some words it represents 
English cMorin, 
chloracetate (klo-ras'e-tat), . [< chloracet(ic) 
+ -flfe 1 .] A salt of chlpracetic acid. 
chloracetic (klo-ra-set'ik), a. [< clilor(in) + 
ncetlc.} Derived from chlorin and acetic acid. 
Chloracetic acid, an acid produced by the substitution 
of one, two.or three atoms of chlorin for hydrogen in acetic 
acid. It combines with bases, forming chloracetates. 
chloragogic (klo-ra-goj'ik), a. [< Gr. x^"l'^, 
pale-green, + ayuyij, a leading, conducting, < 
ayetv, lead.] A term applied to certain pecu- 
liarly modified perivisceral cells of some anne- 
lids, as earthworms, developed in connection 
with the intestines, the nephridia, etc. 
The distribution of the chloraqoffic cells is indicated by 
the dotting on the terminal section of the nephridium. 
Beddard, Trans. Zoiil. Soc., 1886, XII. 68. 
chloral (klo'ral), n. [< chlor(in) + al(cohol).} A 
colorless mob'ile liquid (CCla.CHO), having an 
agreeable pungent smell and biting taste, first 
prepared by Liebig from chlorin and alcohol, 
afterward by Stadeler by the action of chlorin 
on starch. The hydrate of chloral (CC1 3 .CH(OH)2), as 
now prepared, is a white crystalline substance having a 
pungent odor and an acrid taste. In contact with alkalis 
it separates into chloroform and formic acid. In medi- 
cine it is used as a hypnotic, and in doses of from 15 
to 30 grains usually produces calm sleep, which lasts for 
several hours, and is not followed by unpleasant effects, 
such as frequently attend the use of morphine. In over- 
doses it paralyzes the nerve-centers, arresting respiration 
and the action of the heart, and causes death. When used 
continuously it may produce very serious effects on the 
system. 
chloralism (klo'ral-izm), w. [< Moral + -ism.} 
1. The habit or practice of using chloral. 2. 
A diseased state of the system marked by vary- 
ing symptoms arising from the incautious or 
habitual use of chloral. In extreme cases it 
is marked by moral degradation similar to that 
which characterizes alcoholism. 
chloralist (klo'ral-ist), . [< Moral + -ist.] 
One addicted to the use of chloral. 
chloralize (klo'ral-iz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. Mo- 
ralized, ppr. cMoralizing. [< Moral + -ire.] 
To affect with chloral ; bring under the influ- 
ence of chloral. 
chloraloin (klo-ral'o-in), n. [< Gr. x^pk, yel- 
lowish-green, + aUq, aloes, + -in 2 .} A yellow 
non-crystalline substance derived from barbal- 
oin by 'replacing six hydrogen atoms with 
chlorin. 
chloralum (klo'ral-um), . [< Mor(id) + alu- 
m(inium).] An antiseptic preparation contain- 
ing aluminium chlorid, prepared by treating 
slightly roasted porcelain clay with crude mu- 
riatic acid. U. S. IHspensatory, p. 162. 
chloranil, chloranile (klo'ran-il), . [< Mo- 
r(in) + anil(ine).} A compound (C 6 C1^O 2 ) pro- 
duced by the action of chlorin on aniline, phe- 
nol, salicin, and other allied bodies. It forms pale- 
yellow pearly scales. By dissolving it in caustic potash, 
potassium chloranilate is formed. 
