Chloropeltidea 
a family of flagellate infusorians, represented 
by the genera Chloropeltis, Cryptoylena, and 
Phacus. 
Chloropeltis (klo-ro-pel'tis), w. [NL. (F. Stein, 
1878), < Gr. rAup4f, yellowish-green, + mAn?, 
a shield.] The typical genus of the family 
Chloropeltidea, related to Phacus (which see), 
but differing by the presence of a conical an- 
terior prolongation, perforated at the apex by 
the oral aperture. P. ovum and P. hispidiila are 
species of this genus. 
chlorophseite (klo-ro-fe'lt), n. [< Gr. x'Aaptf, 
yellowish-green, + 'ipaiAc, dusky, blackish, + 
-zte 2 .] A hydrous iron silicate sometimes found 
in amygdaloidal trap-rocks. It is translucent and 
of a green color when newly broken, but soon becomes 
black and opaque. Also spelled chloropheite. 
chlorophane (klo'ro-fan), . [< Gr. x^ptf, yel- 
lowish-green, + -0aw?f, evident, < tyaiveiv, show.] 
1. A variety of fluor-spar which exhibits a 
bright-green phosphorescent light when heated. 
2. A greenish-yellow coloring matter con- 
tained in the retina of the eye. 
chlorophyl, chlorophyll (klo'ro-fil), n. [< NL. 
chlorophyllum, < Gr. x/-"P^t yellowish-green, + 
0W/W = L. folium, a leaf.] The green coloring 
matter of plants; also, the substance within 
the mass of protoplasm which is colored by 
this matter. The former is distinguished as chlorophyl 
pigment, the latter as the chlorophyl grain or granule. 
Chlorophyl grains occur in the green parts of all plants, 
and are rarely found in cells that are not exposed to the 
light. In some of the lower cryptogamic plants they oc- 
cupy and color the whole protoplasmic mass; in others 
they form bands or stellate shapes ; but ordinarily they 
appear as minute rounded granules embedded in the 
protoplasm. These granules are the essential agent in the 
process of assimilation in plants, decomposing carbonic 
972 
Ohoanoflagellata 
which there are frequently two kinds, macrozoospores 
i-j'j v i r'-L. ;i'j> ~\ A ~ with four and miiTozoospoivs with two terminal villa. See 
green, + <fn>//ov, leaf, + -*fe 2 .] ^A green mica- ZMxlnmr _ Also c;l , k .,i </, nw^ and r 
chlorophyllite (klo-ro-fil'it), i. [< Gr. 
grci-n, + <t>v/.'/.av, leaf, + -*/t' 2 .] A gree - Zllii tr _ Also calle(1 L ;, llt , rr , lc ea ana wvenmaeai. 
ceous mineral from Unity in the btate ot Maine, cfclorosporous (klo-ros'po-rus), a. [< Cliloro- 
allied to fahlunite. xporete + -ous.] Belonging to or having the 
characters 
-ous.] 
of th 
chlorophylloid (klo-ro-fil'oid), a. [< chlorophi/l 
+ -oitl] Resembling chlorophyl. ,,,;, 
Chlorophyllous (klo-ro-m us), a. [< chlorophyl c h.lorotic (klo-rot'ik), a. [< Gr. 
+ -ous.] Same as ch/orophyllaceous. 
These cells contain very little or no chlorophyllous pro- 
toplasm. 11. C. Wood, Fresh-water Alga), p. 23. 
chloropicrin (klo-ro-pik'rin), n. [< Gr. %7jjp6f, 
pale-green, + jrurpof, sharp, pungent, T -in 2 .] 
ging to or having 
e group of green algffi, Chlo- 
_ , green- 
ness, paleness (see chlorosis), + -ic.] 1. Per- 
taining to chlorosis : as, chlorotic affections. 
2. Affected by chlorosis. 
The extasies of sedentary and cltlorotick nuns. Battle. 
r- o > -,. ..- - --.\',>^, r t- rn \ , - uhlorotile (klo'ro-til), . [< Gr. x' M P A r>K, 
A pungent colorless liquid (UNO 2 Clo), the va- greenness, + -He.] A hydrous copper arseni- 
por of which attacks the eyes powerfully. It is ate occurring in capillary crystals of a bright- 
prepared by the action of bleavhmg-powder on picric acid 
or of nitric acid on chloral. Also called nilrochloro- g? ee ,,,-/ N r/ , , , . ., . -, 
,-,., chlorous (klo'rus), a. [< chlor(m) + -ous.] 
chloroplastid (klo-ro-plas'tid), . [< Gr. ^Au- Pertaining to or containing chlorin; specifi- 
pof, pale-green, + irinar6s, verbal 11. of ir/.aaaeiv, cally, containing chlorin in larger proportion 
form, mold, + -id 1 .] In bot., a chlorophyl gran- than chloric compounds: as, chlorous oxid; 
ule. Also called chloroleucite. chlorous acid Chlorous acid, HC10 2 , an acid ol>- 
Chloroplatinic (kl6"ro-pla-tin'ik), a. [< chlo- tained by heating together in proper proportion a ^mixture 
wilA , JVr/iW ,,,\ 4- ;/> 1 rr>TYir>minrlprl nf pViln of potassium chlorate, arsenious oxid, and dilute nitric 
W) + platm(lim) -t- -1C.J Compounded Ot cnio- ^ an( , recdvlng the greenish-yellow sutfocating fumes 
rin and platinum Chloroplatinic acid, H 2 PtCl 6 , 
an acid, usually called platinum chlorid, obtained by dis- 
solving platinum in aqua regia, and evaporating this solu- 
tion till all nitric acid is expelled. It crystallizes in brown- 
It forms 
ish-red prisms which are very deliquescent. 
double salts by replacement of its hydrogen by metals, 
of chlorin trioxid (Ol2O :( ) thus evolved in water, which 
forms with them chlorous acid. It is a very unstable acid, 
forming more stable salts called chlorite*. Chlorous 
pole, the negative pole of a voltaic battery : so called 
from its exhibiting the attraction which is characteristic 
of chlorin. The positive pole, according to the same meth- 
od, is termed the zincous or zincoid pole. Also called 
chloroid pole. 
and is largely used in laboratories as a reagent. 
Chlorops (klo'rops), n. [NL. (Meigen, 1803), < 
Gr. x*"Pf, greenish-yellow, + uifi, the eye.] A chloruret (klo'ro-ret), n. [< eMor(m) + -uret] 
genus of dicheetous dipterous insects, of the A compound of chlorin : now called chlorid. 
family Muscidie. C. lineata is an example. See chlorureted, chloruretted (klo'ro-ret-ed), a. 
corn-fly. [< chloruret + -erf 2 .] Impregnated with chlorin. 
Chloropsis (klo-rop'sis), n. [NL. (Jardine and chlorydric, a. Same as hydrochloric. 
Selby, 1826), < Gr. x^Pk, pale-green, + tyic, cho (cho), n. [Jap.] A measure of length used 
view.] An extensive genus of oscine passerine in Japan, equal to 60 ken or 360 shaku or Japa- 
birds, of the family Timeliida: and subfamily nese feet. See ken and shaku. 
Brachypodinai; the green bulbuls. The numerous choakt(chok), v. An obsolete spelling of choke 1 . 
species range throughout southern Asia and to the Philip- choak-fullt. See choke-full. 
pines. The genus is usually 'cMeA Phyllornis (which see), choana (ko'a-na), . j pi. choana; (-ne). [NL., 
Chloroscombrinae (kl6"ro-skom-bri'ne), n. pi 
[NL., < Chloroncombrus + -ina;.] A subfamily 
of fishes, of the family Carangidai, represented 
< Gr. ^odv?/, a funnel, a funnel-shaped hollow 
(in the brain), connected with ^oawf, a melt- 
ing-pot, also a funnel, < x">>j pour, akin to L. 
by the genus Chtoroscombrus. The premaxillanes f un d ere pO ur (see founds and /!), and to E. 
are protractile ; the pectoral flns long and falcate ; the anal J , -. *{;.-__* . fnnmd or ftinnel like onen- 
fin like the second dorsal and longer than the abdomen ; <7*-J anat.,& n 
I long 
the maxillary with a supplemental bone ; the body much 
compressed ; the back and abdomen trenchant ; and the 
dorsal outline less strongly curved than the ventral. Two 
wide-ranging spevies are known. 
chloroscombrine (klo-ro-skom'brin), a. and n. choanate (ko'a-nat), a. 
ing; an intundlbulum. Speciflcally (o) pi. The 
posterior nares. (6) The peculiar collar or choanoid rim 
around the flagellum of a choanate or choanoflagellate in- 
fusorian. 
[< choana + -ate 1 .] 
a. Chlorophyl grains in the leaf of a moss (Funaria hygrometrica). 
late chlorophyl bodies in a cell of an alga (Zyznema crucia- 
tiirrt ). f. Spiral oands of chlorophyl in cells of an alga (Sfirogyra 
' " " 
. 
*. Stellate chlo 
ophyl bodies in a cell of an alga (Zyznema crucia- 
. . l oands of chlorophyl in cells of an al 
longata). (From Sachs's " Lehrbuch der Botanik.") 
acid and water under the action of sunlight, with the evo- 
lution of oxygen and the formation of starch or other car- 
bon compounds. The chlorophyl pigment may be extract- 
ed from the granules by alcohol and other solvents, and 
appears when dry as a green resin-like powder. In solu- 
tion it may be separated into two portions, one of a yel- 
low color (xanthophi/V), the other blue or greenish-blue 
(cyanophyl, or phyllocyanin). The change of color in 
leaves in autumn is due to the breaking up and various 
transformation of this pigment. In the etiolation or 
blanching of plants by exclusion of light the vhlorophyl 
granules lose their color and finally become merged in the 
protoplasm, from which they are again developed by ex- 
posure to light and warmth. See also cut under Parame- 
cium. 
chlorophyllaceous (kWro-fi-la'shius), a. [< 
chlorophyl + -accous.~\ 1. In lot., of the na- 
ture of or containing chlorophyl. 2. In zoo'L, 
having green endochrome : as, the chlorophylla- 
ceous series of infusorians. S. Kent. 
Also chlorophylliferous, ehlorophylligerous, 
chlorophyllous. 
chlorophyllan (klo-ro-fil'an), . [< chlorophyl + 
-an.] In bot., a substance obtained in the form 
of green crystals by the evaporation of a puri- 
fied solution of 
chlorophyllian 
phyl T -i-an.~] 
taining chlorophyl: as, " chlorophyllian cells," 
Allman. 
chlorophylliferous (klo'ro-n-lif'e-rus), a. [< 
NL. chlorophyllum + L. ferre, = E. bear 1 , + 
-ous.] Same as chlorophyllaceous. 
chlorophylligenous (klo'ro-fi-lij'e-nus), a. [< 
NL. chlorophyllum + L. -genus, producing : see 
-gen, -genous.] Producing or produced by chlo- 
rophyl ; dependent upon the action or presence 
of chlorophyl. 
ehlorophylligerous (klo"ro-fi-lij'e-rus), a. [< 
NL. chlorophyllum + L. gerere, bear, + -ous.] 
Same as chlorophyllaceous. 
I. a. Pertaining to or having the characters of Provided with a choana or infundibulum ; spe- 
the Chloroscombrinae. cifically, collared or collar-bearing, as certain 
animalcules. 
choanite (kd'a-nit), n. [< NL. choanites, < Gr. 
Xdvj/, a funnel (see choana), + -ites: see -jte 2 .] 
A spongiform fossil zoophyte of the Chalk, of 
the genus 'Choanites, familiarly called petrified 
anemone, from having the radiating appearance 
of a sea-anemone. 
greenish-yellow, + -osis. Cf ."Gr. ^Auporw, green- choanocytal (k6*a-no-s!'tal), a. [< choanocyte 
ness, paleness.] 1. The greensickness, a pe- + -al.] Of or pertaining to a choanocyte ; com- 
posed or consisting of choanocytes. 
II. n. A carangoid fish of the subfamily Chlo- 
roftcombrina!. 
Chloroscombrus (klo-ro-skom'brus), n. [NL. 
(Girard, 1858), < Gr. x^>p6f, yellowish-green, + 
<TKo/(/fy>of, a scomber: see scomber.'] The typical 
genus of Chloroscombrinai. 
chlorosis (klo-ro'sis), n. _ [NL., < Gr. 
culiar form of anemia or bloodlessness which 
affects young women at or near the period of 
puberty. It is characterized by a pale or greenish hue 
of the skin, amenorrhea, weakness, languor, palpitation, 
dyspepsia, depraved appetite, etc. 
2. In bot. : (a) Etiolation. The term is sometimes 
limited to the blanching which occasionally occurs in 
plants from lack of iron, an element which is found to be 
essential to the formation and green color of chlorophyl 
granules, (ft) A transformation of the ordinarily 
colored parts of a flower into green leaf-like or 
sepal-like organs, as in what are known as 
"green roses." Also called chloranthy Egyp- 
tian chlorosis, a disease caused by the presence of a 
nematoid worm, Dochmius duodenalit, in the small in- 
testines. 
chlorosperm (klo'ro-sperm), n. An alga be- 
longing to the group Chlorospermea'. 
chlorospermatous (klo-ro-sper'ma-tus), a. [< 
chlorosperm(at-) + -ous.] Kesembling or be- 
longing to the algal group Chlorospermea!. Also 
clilorospermous. 
Chlorospermeae (klo-ro-sper'me-e), TO. pi. 
Vosmaer recognized as the physiological cause of Sycon 
lal layer. 
an extension of the choanocyt 
choanocyte (ko'a-no-sit) 
Ensue. Brit., XXII. 427. 
n. [< Gr. ;roaw7, a 
funnel (see choana), + KITOI;, a cavity, a cell.] 
One of the collared and flagellated monadiform 
cells of sponges: so called from their great 
resemblance to choanoflagellate infusorians. 
Such cells form layers lining the flagellated 
endodennal chambers of sponges. 
In Tetractinellida, and probably in many other sponges 
certainly in some the collars of contiguous choano- 
cytes coalesce at their margins so as to produce a fenes- 
trated membrane, which forms a second inner lining to 
the flagellated chamber. Encyc. Brit., XXII. 418. 
[NL. (H. James Clark, 1871), neut. pi. of choa- 
bearing flagellate infusorians; a group or or- 
der of animalcules, exceedingly minute, highly 
variable in form, but usually exhibiting in 
their most normal and characteristic phase a 
TNL., < Gr. y/Mp6c, pale-green, + airepua, seed, 
+ -ed.] A systematic name giVen by Harvey to symmetrically ovate, pynform, or clavate out- 
nlo-iBwriinri havo 0Ta.ss-o?BATi frnnda TTi.^or line. A single long lash-like flagellum is produced from 
the 
the more recent system of classification they are distrib- 
uted among several orders, the larger number being re- 
ferred to the Chlorosporete. 
Chlorospermous (klo-ro-sper'mus), a. [< chlo- 
rosperm + -ous.] Same as chlorospermatous. 
On the arrangement of the Families and the Genera of 
Chlorogpermoits Algre. 
H. C. Wood, Fresh-water Alga;, p. 240. 
Chlorosporese (klo-ro-spo're-e), 7i. pi. [NL., < 
Gr. ;f?.pof, green, + omipof, seed, + -ea;.] One 
of the suborders of algffi, belonging to the order 
Zob'sporeai. They are green plants, membranous or fila- 
mentous, propagated, so far as known, by zodspores, of 
the center of the anterior border, the base of which is 
embraced by a delicate hyaline, extensile and retractile, 
collar-like expansion of the body-sarcode. The collar in 
its extended condition is infundibuliforni or wineglass- 
shaped, and when contracted is subcylindrical or conical, 
exhibiting in its expanded state a distinct circulating cur- 
rent or cyclosis of its finely granular substance. The in- 
gestive area is discoidal, food-substances being brought in 
contact with the expanded collar through the vibratory ac- 
tion of the flagellum. They are first carried up the outside 
and then down the inside of this structure with the circu- 
lating sarcode-current, and are finally received into the 
substance of the body anywhere within the circular area 
circumscribed by its base. Fecal or waste products are 
discharged at any point within the same discoidal space. 
These animalcules have a distinct spheroidal endoplast, 
