Choanoflagellata 
with a contained endoplastnle anil two or more cnntrac- 
tilu vesicles, usually conspicuous. They inliiiliit wait and 
fresh water, ;irnl inereasc hy longitudinal nr transverse fis- 
sion, and hy encystment and subdivision of tin- entire body 
into sporular elements. Tlie pririejpal genera an- ('./,, 
Z' i t Codomaca, Satpiiitiawa, t><ii<>lt,->ii,,i. :md .\i/t/ttn/.<ii. 
o called t'liujMatit iliufnutuuiala, and by Diesin- 
ehotomata. 
choanoflagellate (k6"a-no-flaj'e-lat), . [< NL. 
choanoflagellatus, < <//</. <|. v., + flagtuatui . 
see Jl/ii/i 'llnli'. } Collaret! and flagellate, an cer- 
tain iuftisorians ; specifically, of or pertaining 
to the ('lioiiniifliii/fllata. 
choanoid (ko'a-noid), .. and n. [< NL. ehoa- 
noidaiiH, ( Gr. x<'n>j/, a funnel (see cliotiini), + 
eHof, form.] I. it. Funnel-shaped; int'nndibuli- 
form: specifically applied to the choanoideus, 
a muscle of the eyeball of many animals. 
Tile eye [of the porpoise] has a thick selerutie. and there 
Is a choanoid muscle. It u.i-l< n. Anat. V'ert. t p. :;*:*. 
H. . The choanoid muscle, or choanoideus. 
choanoideus (ko-a-noi'de-us), n. ; pi. eluxiiini- 
dei(-i). [NL. : see choanoid.] A muscle of the 
eye of many animals, as the horse, serving as 
a compressor and retractor of the eyeball: so 
called from its funnel-like shape. 
choanophorous (ko-a-nof '6-rus), a. [< NL. 
fliiifiiin, <(. v., + L. jcrrc = E. bear 1 .'] Collar- 
bearing or choanate, as certain infusorians. 
choanosomal (k6"a-no-so'mal), a. [< clioano- 
somu + -(.] Of or pertaining to the choano- 
some of a sponge ; characterized by the pres- 
ence of choanocytes, as a subdermal part of 
the body of a sponge. 
Lipogastrosis . . . may he produced hy the growing to- 
gether of the roots of the choanottomal folds, thus reducing 
the paragastric cavity to a labyrinth of canals, which may 
easily he, confounded with the usual form of excurrent 
canaU Encyc. Brit., XXII. 416. 
073 
choice 
ent into an obtuso osseous ridge, while the an- 
terior rciiuiin t'ri-c and eonieiil. 
Of the rudder(iirt"M, cleats of timber or iron fastened to 
the stern of a ship on eaeli side of the rn.hler. to support 
it when put hard over either way. See ancAi -., 
chock' (chok). r. [<,/,./>, . s,.,. ,// s. .. Choerops (ke n,ps), . [NL. (RUppel, 1852), < 
and cf. <-/ictl.] I. .TOH.S-. AV/H.., t.i socuiv by ^ r - X<"l>'>f,^ pig,. + ^f>, aspect. I, -at. ires.] A 
putting a chock into or under : a.s, to chock the 
choanosome (ko'a-no-som), n. [< Gr. ^odi^, a 
funnel (see choan'a), '+ aupa, body.] The inner 
part or region of the body of a sponge which is 
characterized by the presence of flagellated 
chambers or cavities lined with a layer of 
choanocytes; the choanocytal portion of a 
sponge. 
With the appearance of suhdermal chambers the sponge 
hecomes differentiated into two almost independent re- 
gions, an outer or ectosome and an inner or choanogome, 
which is characterized by the presence of flagellated cham- 
bers. Encyc. Brit., XXII. 415. 
Choar, n. See chore*. 
choaty (cho'ti), a. [E. dial. Cf. shoat.] Chub- 
by; fat : applied to infants. 
chobdar (chob'dar), n. [Hind, chobddr, lit. stick- 
bearer, < chob, a stick, drumstick, mace, -r- -dar, 
bearer.] In British India, a superior class of 
footman ; an attendant who carries a mace or 
staff before an officer of rank. The chobdars in the 
suite of the viceroys of India and other high officials, such 
as the judges of the high courts, carry a staff ornamented 
with silver. Also chopdar, chubdar. 
chock 1 (chok), v. A variant of choice*. Grose. 
[Prov. Bug.] 
chock 2 (chok), adv. [Due to chock in chock- 
full = choke-full, q. v.] Entirely; fully; as far 
as possible : used in the nautical phrases chock 
aft, chock home, etc. 
chock 3 (chok), v. t. [With var. chuck 3 , q. v. ; 
orig. a var. of shock 1 , appar. associated also 
with chock 1 = choke 1 . Cf. choke 1 , v., and chock 1 , 
v.] If. An obsolete variant of shock. 2. To 
throw with a quick motion ; toss; pitch: same 
as chuck 3 , 2. 
In the tavern in his cups doth roar, 
Chucking his crowns. Drayton, Agincourt. 
chock 4 (chok), n. [With var. chuck*, in partly 
diff. senses ; appar. < chock 1 , var. of choke 1 ; cr. 
choke 1 , i;., block, obstruct, with which chock*, v., 
in part from this noun, nearly agrees. Perhaps 
also associated with chock 3 , v., throw (thrust 
in).] 1. A block or piece of wood or other ma- 
terial, more or less wedge-shaped when spe- 
cially prepared, used to prevent movement, as 
by insertion behind the props of a ship's cradle, 
under the sides of a boat on deck, under the 
wheels of a carriage, etc. 2. In ship-build- 
ing, a block of approximately triangular shape, 
used to unite trie head and heel of consecu- 
tive timbers. 3. Nant., a block having horn- 
shaped projections extending partly over a re- 
cess in the middle, in which a cable or hawser 
is placed while being hauled in or on : called 
distinctively a warping-chock. 4. In coal-min- 
ing, a pillar built of short square blocks of wood 
from 2i to 6 feet long, laid crosswise, two and 
two, so as to form a strong support for the roof : 
used especially in long-wall working. This kind of 
support hits the advantage of being easily knocked apart 
for removal. Also called nog, cog, and clog-pack. Chocks 
timbers of a ship; d> i-ltm-l: \\ e,-isk. 
II. iiitraim. To fill up a cavity like a chock. 
The wood-work . . . exactly rAorfcffA into the joints. 
/'lift.-, . \\ ,,M MM, ' alnln i 
chock-a-block (ehok'a-blok), a. [< e/iocH + 
(vaguely used) + bliirl^.] 1. .\,ni/.. j:immed: 
said of a tackle when the blocks are hauled close 
together. 2. Crowded; crammed full: ns, the 
meeting-hall was <-lio<-l;-<i-lil<irk. [Colloq.] 
chock-a-block (rhok'a-blok), mlr. [< <-li<ii-l:-fi- 
block, ii.] Xaitt., so as to bo drawn or hauled 
close together, in such a manner as to hinder 
or prevent motion. 
By hauling the reef-tackles chock-a-block we took the 
strain from the other earings, and passing the elo>e re, f 
earing, and knotting the point>ear> fully, we succeeded in 
setting the sail close-reefed. 
It. //. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 254. 
chock-and-block (chok'and-blok), a. and adr. 
Same as chock-a-block. 
chock-block (chok'blok), n. A device for in-e- 
venting the movement of the traveling wheels 
of a portable machine while the machinery is 
in motion ; a chock. 
chock-full, a. See choke-fid/. 
chockling (chok'ling), n. [E. dial. Cf. chock 1 
= choke 1 .] Hectoring; scolding. 
choco. n. Same as cheyote. 
chocolate (chok'o-lat), n. and a. [= D. Dan. 
chokolade = G. cllocolade = Sw. chocolad = F. 
chocolat = It. cioccolata, < Sp. Pg. chocolate, < 
Mex. chocolatl, chocolate, < choco, cacao, + latl, 
water.] I. n. 1. A paste or cake composed of 
the kernels of the Theobroma Cacao, ground and 
combined with sugar and vanilla, cinnamon, 
cloves, or other flavoring substance, cacao, un- 
der its native name of chocolatl, had been used as a bev- 
erage by the Mexicans for ages before their country was 
conquered by the Spaniards. See cacao and cocoa'2. 
2. The beverage made by dissolving chocolate 
in boiling water or milk. 
The wretch [a sylph] shall feel 
The giddy motion of the whirling mill, 
In fumes of burning chocolate shall glow, 
And tremble at the sea that froths below ! 
Pope, R. of the L., ii. 135. 
II. a. 1 . Having the color of chocolate ; of 
a dark reddish-brown color: as, chocolate cloth. 
2. Made of or flavored with chocolate: as, 
chocolate cake or ice-cream chocolate lead, a 
pigment composed ofoxid of lead calcined with about one 
third of oxid of copper, the whole being reduced to a uni- 
form tint by levigation. 
chocolate-house (chok'o-lat-hous), n. A house 
of entertainment in which chocolate is sold. 
Lisander has been twice a day at the chocolate-houge. 
Taller. 
chocolate-root (chok'o-lat-rot), n. See Geum. 
chocolate-tree (chok'6-lSt-tre), . The Theo- 
broma Cacao. See cacao'. 
chodet. An obsolete preterit of chide. 
chceniz (ke'niks), n. ; pi. chcmiceg (-ni-sez). [< 
Gr. x' v 'S-] A Greek dry measure, mentioned 
by Homer, and originally the daily ration of a 
man, but varying from a quart to over a quart 
and a half. In the ruins of Flaviopolis, in Phrygia, has 
been found a marble block having cylindrical wells marked 
with the names of different Greek measures. Of these 
the chomix appeal's to have contained 1.5 liters. This 
seems to have been alwut the capacity of the ^ginetan, 
Boeotian, and Pontic measures. The Attic ch(enix, how- 
ever, according to various approximative statements of 
the relation of Attic to Roman measures, must have con- 
tained about 1 liter, or half a Babylonian kab ; and this is 
probably the measure mentioned in the New Testament 
(Rev. vi. 6). In Egypt the Ptolemaic system had a choenix, 
which appears to have equaled 0.8 liter. The chcenlx of 
Heraclea in Italy is surmised to have teen 0.7 liter. 
Choerodia (ke-ro'di-8), n. pi. [NL. (E. Blyth, 
1849), < Gr. x>PW, a pig, swine, + fWof, form.] 
In Blyth's classification of mammals, a division 
of his Srochata, including the swine and their 
allies, as the hippopotamus and tapir. The di- 
vision corresponds closely (chiefly differing in including 
Hyrax) with the non-ruminant division of the Artiodactyla 
of later naturalists. 
chcerodian (ke-ro'di-an), a. [< Cltosrodia + 
-an.'] Swine-like; suiliine; specifically, of or 
pertaining to the Cheerodia. 
cheBrogryl (ke'ro-gril), n. [< Gr. x'PC, a hog, 
+ ypiMos, a pig.] A name of the Hyrax sinai- 
ticus. See Hyrax. 
Chffiropina (ke-ro-pi'nii), n. pi. [NL., < Cliee- 
rops + -ina'.] In Giiiither's system of classi- 
fication, the second group of Labrida; having 
a dorsal fin with 20 rays, 13 of which are spi- 
nous, and the lateral teeth more or less connu- 
, . 
genus of labroid fishes, typical of (lie group 
' 'Ini ro/iitltt. 
Choeropsinae (ke-rop-si'ne), H. />!. [NL., < < In, 
I'n/iai.i, ], + -//!</.] A subfamily of lli/,/ii>/iiilii- 
iiiiiln; re ] i resented by the genus"' '/mro/w.--. The 
skull is eonvev between the orliits, the frontal sinus well 
developed, and the 01 hits depressed below tin; level of the 
forehead ami ine'.rnplete behinil. The Mnall hippopotamus 
of eastern Afriea, I'tueropni libmensi*, is ih< t>pe. 
chqeropsine (Tift-rop'rin), . and n. I. a. Per- 
t:iinin<; or relating to the I'litri'n/ixiim: 
II. n. A species of the Chaeropsina. 
Chceropsis (ke-rop'sis), . [NL. (Leidy, 1853), 
< Gr. x 01 !*":, a pig, + 6^><f, view, appearance.] 
1. A genus of Hippopotamidie, typical of the 
subfamily Charopsina:. 2. In extern., a genus 
of longicorn beetles. Thomson, 1X60. 
Ohoeropus (ke'ro-pus), n. [NL. (Ogilby, 1838), 
< Gr. x u 'l>of, & pig. + TO'T (TOO-) = E. foot.] A 
genus of bandicoots, of the family 1'eramelidce, 
notable for the disproportionate development of 
the hind limbs and the reduction of the lateral 
Bandicoot (Chaeropus caltartotil}. 
digits of both the fore and the hind feet, the 
former having but two functional toes, and the 
latter consisting mainly of an enormous fourth 
toe. Tlie only species known is C. caatanotix (erroneously 
described as C. ecaudatuti), an animal about the size of a 
rat, found in the interior of Australia. 
chogset (chog'set), n. [Also cliogsett; prob. of 
Amer. Ind. origin.] A local name in New Eng- 
land of the cunner or blue-perch, Ctenolabrus 
adspcrteus. Also called nibbler. See cunner. 
choice (chois), n. and a. [Early mod. E. also 
chois, < ME. chois, ehoise, choys, < OF. chois, F. 
choix, a choice, < choisir, coisir, F. choisir = Pr. 
chausir, causir (> Sp. "costr = OPg. covsir = 
Olt. ciausire), also in comp., Pr. psc'r=OCat. 
scosir (es-, s-, < L. ex-), choose; of Teut. ori- 
gin : ult. < Goth, kausjan, prove, test, < kiusan, 
choose, = E. choose, q. v.] I. . 1. The act of 
choosing; the voluntary act of selecting or sep- 
arating from two or more things that which is 
preferred, or of adopting one course of action 
in preference to others ; selection ; election. 
And there he put vs to the choyK of thyse foresayd .ij. 
wayes, sweyng [showing] to vs the daungers of liothe, as is 
before rehersed. Sir R. Guylforde, Pylgrymage, p. 69. 
Ye know how that a good while ago God made choice 
among us, that the Oentiles by my mouth should hear the 
word of the gospel, and believe. Acts xv. 7. 
2. The power of choosing ; option. 
Neuertheles, he yaf hym fre choyx to do what he wolde, 
for yef he wolde he niyght yelde god his part*, en to the 
feende his also. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), i. 14. 
The moral universe includes nothing but the exercise of 
choice ; all else is machinery. 
O. W. Holmes, Old Vol. of Life, p. 301. 
The choice lay between an amended confederacy and the 
new constitution. Bancroft, Hist. Const., II. 5. 
3. Care in selecting ; judgment or skill in dis- 
tinguishing what is to be preferred, and in giv- 
ing a preference. [Rare.] 
Julius Cresar did write a collection of apophthegms ; it 
is a pity his book is lost ; for I imagine they were collected 
with judgment and choice. Bacon, Apophthegms. 
4. The person or thing chosen ; that which is 
approved and selected in preference to others. 
I am sorry . . . 
Your choice is uot so rich in worth as beauty . 
Shak., W. T., v. 1. 
The lady, gracious prince, may lie hath settled 
Affection on some former choice. 
Ford, Perkin Warbeck, II. 3. 
5. The best part of anything; a select portion 
or assortment. 
There all the grete of the Grekys, & the grym knyghtys, 
And the chose of hor chyualry, was chargit to lenge [lin- 
ger]. Dettrvction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 8888. 
A braver choice of dauntless spirits . . . 
Did never float upon the swelling tide. 
Shak., K. John, ii. 1. 
6f. A variety of preferable or valuable things. 
