choke 
choke' 1 , chouk (chok, chouk), . [Also writ- 
ten rltoirk, repr. Hind, chunk, a square, mar- 
ket-place. J In India, an open place or wide 
street, in the middle of a city, where the mar- 
ket is held. Yule a ml liiii'iii/l. 
The s -iii's at oner Kallimcd into the choke, or principal 
street which is very narrow nini tortuous. 
If. //. /;,., liiiu-j- in India, II. 85-2. 
choke-bailt (chok'bill), . and a. I. n. Non- 
allowance of bail, as in an unbailable action. 
>n. him at common law : 
Arrest him on an action of cltukf-txiil. 
li. Jonson, Mat-net ick l.ady, v. s. 
II. a. Not bailable; not admitting of bail. 
/lirih'il'. \\'r a] rest you ill the Kind's name. . . . 
H'/i/ouf. Huw? how.' in a i'lilc>'/>ii if action? 
lri/, I'liiin Dealer, v. 8. 
chokeberry (ehok'ber'i), n. ; pi. clm/.-i h/n-ii .- 
(-iz). The plant I'l/nix iirluitijnlin, a low ro- 
saceous shrub of North America, or its very 
astringent berry-like fruit. 
choke-bore (chok'bor), v. t. To bore (a gun- 
barrel) in such a manner that the diameter of 
the bore shall be a little less near the muzzle 
than at some point back of it other than the 
chamber, in order to concentrate the charge 
(of shot) when the gun is fired. Also choke. 
choke-bore (chok'bor), n. A gun the bore of 
which is slightly constricted near the muzzle. 
My duck-nun, the No. 10 clutke-bore, is a very strong ami 
close sliootin^ piece. T. Koutt'Tt'tt, Hunting Trips, p. 55. 
choke-cherry (chok'cher'i), . 1. The popular 
name of an American species of wild cherry, 
rninuti I'iri/iiiiana, remarkable for the astrin- 
gency of its fruit. 2. In mining, choke-damp ; 
after-damp. [Local, Eng.] 
choke-damp (chok'damp), n. In coal-mininy, 
same as black-<lant/>. 
chokedar (cho'ke-diir), n. Same as chokidar. 
choke-full, chock-full (chok'-, chok'fuT), a. 
[Also chuck-full, and until recently choak-full ; < 
ME. chokkefulle, chekefutle, chekkefulle, < chokeu, 
cheken, E. choke* (= chock 1 ), + fulft. Hence the 
adv. chock? ; and cf . chock*. ] Full to the utmost ; 
full to the point of choking or obstructing. 
Charottez chokkefnlle (var. chekkefulle] eharegyde with 
golde. Morte Arthure, 1. 1552. 
We filled the skins choak-full. 
Bruce, Source of the Nile, IV. 649. 
In short, to use the last-named and much respected 
lady's own expression, the house was choke-fitU to the 
very attics. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 21. 
chokelewt, a. [ME., also chekelew, cheklew, < 
ehuken, cheken, choke, + -lew, as in drunkelew. 
Of. drunlcelew.'] Choking; strangling. 
Unto stelthe beware hem of hempen lane, 
For stelthe is medid (raeeded] with a chekelew [var. choke- 
lew, cheklew] bane. 
Book of Precedence (E. E. T. 8., extra ser.), i. 100. 
chokelingt, p. a. A Middle English form of 
chuckling, 
choke-pear (chok'par), n. 1. A kind of pear 
that has a rough astringent taste. Hence 
2f. Anything that stops the mouth ; an unan- 
swerable argument ; an aspersion or a sarcasm 
by which a person is put to silence. 
He gaue him a choake-peare to stoppe his breath, reply- 
Ing as followeth. Lyly, Euphues and his England, p. 321. 
Pardon me for going so low as to talk of giving choice- 
pears. Richardson, Clarissa Harlowe. 
choke-plumt (chok'plum), n. A plum resem- 
bling in its effects the choke-pear. Heywood. 
choker (cho'ker), n. 1. One who or that which 
chokes ; that which induces a feeling of stran- 
gulation ; something difficult to swallow. 
He had left a glass of water just tasted. I finished it. 
It was a choker. Thackeray, Dr. Birch. 
2. That which puts another to silence; that 
which cannot be answered. Johnson. [Colloq.] 
3. A neckcloth: as, "a white choker," 
Thackeray, Book of Snobs. [Colloq.] 4. In 
milit. engin., a chain with wooden staves at- 
tached to the ends, employed to compress and 
measure the circumference of fascines. 
chokes (chpks), n. pi. [= Sc. chouks; prob. of 
Scand. origin: cf. Icel. kok, the gullet: see 
choke\ r.] The throat. Halliwell. [Local, Eng.] 
choke-strap (chok'strap), n. Same as check- 
strap, 1. 
chokeweed (chok'wed), n. A name given to 
several weeds of different genera, either be- 
cause they choke the growth of other plants, or 
because when swallowed they produce a sen- 
sation of choking. Imp. Diet. 
chokewort (chok'wert), n. Same as chokeweed. 
John Taylor. 
chokey, . See chokifi. 
chokidar (cho'ki-dar), n. [< Hind, chaukiddr, 
a watchman, policeman, < chauki, watching, 
975 
watch, guard, + -ddi; holding.] In India, a 
gate-keeper, watchman, or policeman; usually, 
a private watchman. Also written <-ln>l;lm<l<ti: 
chokedar, chokeedar, chowkciflm . 
Ami the Day following, the Chocadars, or Souldicrs, 
were rt-iuovM from before our gates. 
Oviagtmt, \ ".va^- 1-. .-matt (ic,-:n. 
Simon must start for the nearest police-station, to get 
sonic ''/,.,,//,-), ./,!,. to watch the carriage. 
II'. //. Itiiiufll, Diary in India. I. m 
choking (cho'king), j>. a. [Ppr. of ehokei, r.] 
1. Causing suffocation; tending to choke or 
suffocate. 
No solicitations could induce him, on allot 'lay and in a 
high wind, to move out of the choking cloud of dust which 
overhung the line of march. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., xvi. 
2. Obstructed or indistinct in utterance ; gasp- 
ing: as, to speak with a choking voice. 
choky 1 (ch6'ki),rt. [Less prop, chokey; <c/i/.v 1 
+ -y 1 .] 1. Tending to choke or suffocate : as, 
the air of the room was quite choky. 2. In- 
clined to choke, as with emotion. 
The allusion to his mother made Tom feel rather chokei/. 
Ilti'thes, Tom Brown at Rugby, i. 4. 
choky' 2 , chokey (cho'ki), n. [< Hind, chauki, 
watch, guard.] 1. A prison; a lockup; also, 
a customs- or toll-station ; a palanquin-station. 
2. The act of watching or guarding. 
chol-, cholo-. [NL.. etc., repr. Gr.xp/Ji (rarely 
Xs.oc), bile, gall, = L. fel = E. galtf-.] An ele- 
ment in modern scientific compound words 
(cholo- before a consonant), meaning ' bile.' 
cholaemia (ko-le'mi-a), . [NL.,< Gr. x o W> bile, 
+ aifia, blood.] The accumulation of the con- 
stituents of the bile in the blood. Also spelled 
cholemia. 
cholaemic (ko-le'mik), a. [< cholaemia + 
-:.] Pertaining to choltemia; characterized 
or caused by cholsemia: as, chokemic convul- 
sions. Also spelled cholemic. 
Cholaepus (ko-le'pus), n. See Cholopws. 
cholagogic (kol-a-goj'ik), a. and n. [< Gr. x<dja- 
royof, carrying off bile (see cholagogue), + -ic.'} 
I. a. Promoting the flow of bile. 
II. n. A cholagogue. 
cholagogue (kol'a-gog), n. [= F. cholagogue = 
Sp. It. colaqogo = Pg. cholagogo, < Gr. x^yuy<^ , 
carrying off bile, < x^> bile, + ayuy6c, leading, < 
a-yeiv, lead : see act, .] A substance which pro- 
motes a flow of bile, by increasing its secretion, 
by facilitating the flow from the gall-bladder 
into the duodenum, or by quickening peristal- 
sis, and so hurrying the bile through the intes- 
tines before it or its constituents are absorbed. 
cholalic (ko-lal'ik), a. Same as cholic 1 . 
cholangioitis (ko-lan'ji-o-i'tis), n. [< Gr. xoty, 
bile, + dyyeiov, a vessel, cell, duct (see angio-), 
+ -itis.~\ In pathol., inflammation of the bile- 
ducts. 
chola-plant (ko'lS-plant), n. The chick-pea, 
Cicer arietinum. 
cholate (kol'at), . [< chol(ic) + -nfei.] A salt 
formed by the union of cholic acid with a base. 
Choleate (kol'e-at), . [< ehole(ic) + -ofel.] A 
salt formed by the union of choleic acid with a 
base. 
cholecyst (kol'e-sist), n. [< NL. cholecystig, < 
Gr. xW< bile, gall, + Kvarif, bladder.] The 
gall-bladder. Also cholecystis. 
cholecystenterostomy (kol*e-sis-ten-te-ros'to- 
mi), n. [< Gr. x^i bile, + Kvarif, bladder, -h 
ivrepa, intestines, H- arA/m, mouth.] In surg., 
the reestablishment, by an operation, of the 
connection between the gall-bladder and duo- 
denum when the common gall-duct has become 
closed. Med. News. Jan. 10, 1885. 
cholecystic (kol-e-sis'tik), a. [< cholecyst + 
-ic.] Of or pertaining to the cholecyst or gall- 
bladder. 
cholecystis (kol-e-sis'tis), n. [NL.] Same as 
cholecyst. 
cholecystitis, cholecystitis (kol"f-, kol'o-sis- 
ti'tis), n. [NL., < cholecystis, cholocystis, + 
-itis.~\ Inflammation of the gall-bladder. 
cholecystotomy (kol"e-sis-tot'o-mi), n. [< Gr. 
Xo^-v, bile, * KVOTIC, bladder, +' ropf/, a cutting, 
< rtjiveiv, Tafielv, cut: see anatomy.'] In surg., 
incision of the gall-bladder, as for the purpose 
of removing gallstones. 
choledoch (kol'e-dok), a. [< NL. cholcdochus, 
< Gr. xofyMxoc, containing bile, < xty, bile. + 
iexeaBai, receive, contain.] Conveying bile: 
as, the common choledoch duct. 
choledochous (ko-led'o-kus), a. [As choledoch 
+ -ous.~] Conveying bile : applied to the bile- 
duct (ductus choledochus) of the liver. 
choledography (kol-e-dog'ra-fi), n. [An erro- 
neous form, appar. due to confusion with Gr. 
pr 
bil 
choleric 
, containing bile (see i-lnli-iloi-li); the 
roper form would be 'i-li,ili>,/,-n/ih//, < <lr. i//,. 
ile, + -yfxv^ia, < y/mQetv, write.] An aceount 
of what relates to the bile, as its composition, 
secretion, etc. 
choledology (kol-e-dol'o-ji), a. [An erroneous 
foni), Jil'iip. ' i-liiilniiiiiij. < (ir. | n'/i/, bile, + -></, iii. 
<.'/i;in\ speak: see -ii/ot/i/. (.'!'. clnilri/iii/rii/ilii/,] 
Knowledge of what relates to the bile. 
choleic (kol'e-ik), it. [< Or. jo///, bile, + -K-. 
The reg. form rhlic\\n- .-i ilitlrn-nt npplieution.] 
Of, pertaining to, or obtained from bile. Chol- 
eic acid, tin- sillplmrctcil acid "! bile, I '._,, ; ll ,.-,\sl I 7l a 
crystalline solid, soluble in water and decomposed by boil 
ink' Into cholic acid and taurine. Also called taurocholic 
<!,,.!_ 
cholein (kol'e-in), . [< cftote(ie) + -i'2.] Same 
as cho/iiif. 
chqlemesis, cholemesia (ko-lem'e-sis, kol-e- 
me'si-ii), n. [XL., < Gr. x 0/ 't, bile, + ifieoir,, 
vomiting, < e/ielv, vomit: see emetic.] In pa- 
ilml., the vomiting of bile. 
cholemia, choleraic. See choliemia, cholumn-. 
choler (kol'er), n. [Formerly also choller 
(spelled with c/i in imitation of the L.), earlier 
coter, < ME. coler, colcre, colre, < OF. colere, F. 
colere = Pr. Pg. colera = Sp. cdlera = It. col- 
lera, anger, bile, < L. cholera, bile, a bilious ail- 
ment, < Gr. xo'-tpo, a bilious ailment, cholera, 
< xoW = L- fel = E. gall, bile: see gal ft. Cf. 
cholera, of which choler is a doublet.] If. The 
bile. [Anger was formerly supposed to be pro- 
duced by excess or disturbance of this fluia.] 
Anger or wrath is the boiling of the blood til mut the 
heart, through the stirring up of choler. BlundemlU. 
My Father, named Richard, was of a sanguine complex- 
ion, mixed with a dash of choler. Ectlyn, Diary (1823), p. S. 
Hence 2. Anger; wrath; irascibility. 
Throw cold water on thy choler. Shak., M. W. of W., II. 8. 
Stay not within the bounds Marsilius holds ; 
Lest, little brooking these unfitting braves, 
My choler overslip the law of arms. 
Greene, Orlando Furioso. 
Wee see you are in choler, therefore till you coole a while 
wee turne us to the ingenuous Reader. 
Milton, On Def. of Hunib. Remonst. 
= Syn. 2. Angrr, Vexation, Indimation, etc. See anqerl. 
cholera (kol'e-ra), n. [< L. cholera, bile, a bil- 
ious ailment" < Gr. x'p a , a bilious ailment, 
cholera, < x^*li g a ll> bile, anger: see choler.'] 
1. An infectious and often rapidly fatal dis- 
ease, prevailing epidemically, generally pre- 
ceded by a diarrhea, and marked by violent 
purging of watery stools with flocculent par- 
ticles suspended in them ( " rice-water stools "), 
vomiting, cramps, especially in the legs and 
abdominal walls, and profound collapse: spe- 
cifically termed Asiatic cholera. In cholera, as in 
typhoid fever, the morbific particles, probably living 
germs, seem, as a rule, to be transmitted by emanation 
or exhalation from the stools of the patient. They are 
destroyed by boiling. The period of incubation is short, 
from a few hours to two or three days. Cholera is en- 
demic in India, and at different |>eriods it has swept as an 
epidemic with great violence over Asia and (since 1829) 
over Europe and America. 
2. An acute disorder of the digestive organs, not 
epidemic, marked by vomiting, purging, colic, 
and cramps in the legs and abdominal walls, 
with considerable exhaustion, mostly confined 
to the hotter months, and frequently due to er- 
rors of diet: specifically called sporadic cholera 
and cholera morbtts. 3. A destructive infec- 
tious disease of fowls, characterized by a yel- 
low or green diarrhea, with an offensive odor, 
and great weakness and speedy death, it is 
held to be caused by a bacterium, and is promoted by un- 
cleanliness. Usually called chicken-cholera orfoui-cholera. 
Algid cholera. See alirid. Cholera Infantum (in- 
fants cholera), a term somewhat loosely applied to threat- 
ening cases of enterocolitis or sporadic cholera in infants. 
Cholera morbua (cholera disease), a term popularly 
applied to sporadic and occasionally to Asiatic cnolera. 
Hog-Cholera, a specific highly contagious fever of 
swine, attended by inflammation of the lungs, stom- 
ach, intestines, and other organs, usually diarrhea, fre- 
quently cough, and extravasations of blood in the skin 
and mucous membranes. It is believed to be caused by 
the BaciUut minimus. (Klein.) Also called itifectioun 
pnenmo-enteritis, sirine-plague, erysipelas malirrnum, and 
intestinal fever of swine. 
choleraic (kol-e-ra'ik), a. [< cholera + -ic. 
The re^. form choleric has a different use.] 
Pertaining or relating to cholera ; affected or 
characterized by, due to, or causing cholera : 
as, choleraic exhalations or patients ; the chole- 
raic voice ; choleraic miasmata. 
choleric 1 (kol'e-rik), a. and n. [Early mod. E. 
colerick, < tfE."colerik, colrik, bilious. < OF. eo- 
lerique, F. colerique = Pr. coleric = sp. colerico 
= Pg. colerico = It. collerico, < L. eholericw, bil- 
ious, < Gr. ^-o^potdV, of or like cholera, < x^- 
pa, cholera: see choler, cholera, etc.] I. a. 1. 
Abounding with choler or bile ; bilious. 
