chondrify 
After the elements of the ehondriftiina cranium have 
run into each other, the inclosed ear-organs, hy their co- 
piuiis growth, . .. trespass on neiKhbutiriiiK territories. 
Kiiri/r. llril., III. 708. 
chondrigen (kon'dri-jen), n. [< chi>ndr(i>i) + 
-//<.] The substance of the hyaline cartilage 
which yields chondrin on boiling with water. 
It is insoluble in cold water. Also ehondrogcn. 
chondrigenous (kon-drij'e-nus), a. [< cnoH- 
ilr\ in) + -i/' iniii.-i. \ Yielding chondrin ; pertain- 
ing to unhardened cartilage : distinguished from 
collai/iiiou.i, which refers to the hardened tissue, 
i :utihige, . . . tlir cli,i<l i i'K'iiK"* basis or ground-sub- 
stance which many ei.nsidcr;iti<ins show ti> be ;< IIMII|II-I r 
kata-latrof iirotiiplasm. M. /'V.Vir. Kneyc. Hril.. M.\. 'Jo. 
chondriglucose (kon-dri-glo'kos), . [< Or. xw- 
''/>"! cartilage, + #/<<.] A substance having 
a sweet taste and reducing properties like those 
of glucose, which is formed when cartilage is 
boiled with dilute mineral acids. 
Chondrilla (kon-dril'ji), . [NL. (Oscar 
Schmidt, 1862), dim. of Gr. x< m tyf, cartilage.] 
In -m'il., the typical genus of sponges of the 
family Chimdrilli<l<i; having stellate silieious 
bodies in the cortex. 
Chondrillidae (kon-dril'i-dO). . ///. [NL., < 
Choiidrilln + -(</.] A family of Mysti.i/iongue,or 
gelatinous sponges, having no fibrous skeleton. 
chondrin, chondrine (kon'drin), n. r< Or. %av- 
(!/;, cartilage, + -lift, -if 2 ; = P. rlitni<tri>n-.\ 
The proper substance of cartilage, which is 
procured by boiling the tissue of cartilage as 
it occurs in the ribs, trachea, nose, etc., and of 
the cornea, in water. The tissue is slowly dissolved 
hy this menus with formation of ehondrin, which is solu- 
hie in hot water and gelatinizes on cooling. When dry it 
resembles glue. 
chondrite 1 (kon'drlt), . [< Gr. xovipirr/c, made 
of groats or coarse meal, < x v ^Pf, groats, grain, 
cartilage.] A common class of meteoric stones, 
characterized by large numbers of rather mi- 
nute spherical crystalline grains. See meteor- 
ite. 
chondrite 2 (kon'drit), . [< Chondrun, 3, + 
-ite'-i.] A fossil marine plant of the Chalk and 
other formations: so called from its resem- 
blance to the existing Chondrus crispus, or Irish 
moss. Page. 
chondritic (kon-drit'ik), a. [< chondrite^ + -ic.] 
Having the peculiar granulated structure char- 
acteristic of chondrite. 
chondritis (kon-dri'tis), . [< Gr. jdvdpoc, car- 
tilage, + -itis.~\ In pathol., inflammation of 
cartilage. 
Diseases which attack the laryngeal cartilages, or frame- 
work of the larynx, as perichoudritis and chomlrU.it. 
Pop. Sci. Mo., XII. 169. 
chondro-. See chondr-. 
chondrocrania, n. Plural of Chondrocranium. 
chondrocranial (kon-dro-kra'ni-al), a. [< Chon- 
drocranium + -al.~\ Of or pertaining to a chon- 
drocrauium, in any sense. 
Chondrocranium (kon-dro-kra'ni-um), .: pi. 
chondrocrania (-a). [< dr. ^ovrfpof, cartilage, 
+ upaviov, skull: see cranium.'] 1. A cartila- 
ginous skull; a skull per- 
manently cartilaginous, as 
that of many fishes. 2. 
The cartilaginous as dis- 
tinguished from the mem- 
branous portions of an em- 
bryonic skull, which may 
eventually become entirely 
bony; that portion of an 
osseous skull which is pre- 
formed in cartilage. At an 
early stage this consists largely of 
the basilar plate or parachordal 
cartilage. See Esox, Anpenser, 
and parachordal. 
3. In ichth., the persistent 
cartilaginous portion of the 
cranium occurring in many 
osseous fishes, such as the 
salmonids, subjacent to the 
bones. 
Chondrodendron (kon-dro- ''' nais7 
deu'dron), . [NL., < Gr. 
xovipog', cartilage, + fcvipav, tree.] A small 
genus of tall climbing menispermaceous shrubs 
with large leaves, natives of Peru and Brazil. 
The root of C. toinentotum is the true pareira brava, a 
drug formerly of great repute in complaints of the blad- 
der. See pareira. 
chondrodite (kon'dro-dlt), . [< Gr. ;two><j%, 
granular (see chottdr'oid), + -ife2.] A mineral 
often occurring in embedded grains of a yellow 
to red color, and also in perfect crystals, it is 
a Itiiosilicatc of iron and magnesium. Ilumite and clino- 
hnmitc arc closely related minerals, differing in crystalline 
Also called brucitt. See Aumt'tc. 
077 
chondroganoid (kon-dro -gan'oid), n. and . 
I, <i. Pertaining to or having the characters of 
the ChoiiitriMiiiiinideu. 
II. . A fish of the superorder Cliondrwjii- 
ii <ii /lea. 
Also cliondrixjtinoidean. 
Chondroganoidea (kon*dro-ga-noi'de-ii), . ;</. 
[NL., < (Jr. xuvAfKir, OUtflMB, + GkMOiaMI, <|. v.] 
In (iill's system of classification, a division or 
supei order of ganoid fishes, containing those 
which have a cartilaginous skeleton, such an 
the sturgeons and many fossil forms. The Us- 
ing representatives are referable to the orders 
CltHiutroxtei :md Xt-lneliuxtinni. 
chondroganoidean (kon'dro-ga-noi'de-an), a. 
iind 11. Same .-i> rhiixdriigaimid. 
chondrogen (kou'dro-jeu), . [< chondr(in) + 
-</'.] Same as I'lunnlriiirn. 
chondrogenesis (kou-dro-jen'e-sis), M. [< Gr. 
juvfyof, cartilage, + ytviaif, generation.] The 
formation or development of cartilage. Also 
Chondrostoma 
chondropterygian (koii-(h-op-te-rij'i-an),o. i 
. I. '(. (iristly-finued; having a carfilagin 
chondrogenetic (kon'dro-je-net'ik), . [< 
chiiiiili-ii//i mxi.t, after genetic.] Forming or pro- 
ducing cartilage ; of or pertaining to chondro- 
genesis: as, a cliomli -Hi/I nctic process or result. 
chondrogenous (kon-droj'e-nus). a. [< chon- 
drtM/eiiy + -<IH.I.~\ Same as chondrogenetic. , 
chondrogeny (kon-droj'e-ni), . [< NL. 'cliini- 
<lri><l! niii, < Gr. x6vipo{, cartilage, + ^/"yt-p: see 
-.'/''".'/] Same as chondrogenesis. 
Chondroglossal (kon-dro-glos'al), a. and n. [< 
chondroglnssus + -/.] 1. <i. Tii aiuit., pertain- 
ing to the lesser horn of the hyoid bone and to 
the tongue. 
II. n. The choudroglossus. 
chondroglossus (kon-dro-glos'us), . [NL., < 
Gr. ^wfipof, cartilage, + y^uaoa, tongue. J In 
anat., that part of the hyoglossus muscle which 
arises from the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone. 
Chondrograda (kon-drog'ra-da), . pi. [NL., < 
Gr. ^uvrfpof, cartilage, + L. gradi, step, go.] A 
division of the siphonopnorous hydrozoans, 
including such forms as Velella, Porpita, etc., 
as distinguished from the Physograda. 
chondrograde (kon'dro-grad), a. Of or per- 
taining to the Chondrograda. 
chondrographic (kon-dro-grafik), a. [< chon- 
drography + -ie.] Descriptive of cartilage ; spe- 
cifically, of or pertaining to chondrography. 
chondrography (kon-drog'ra-fi), . [= P. chon- 
drographie, < Gr. ^ovrf/wf, cartilage, + -ypatfia, 
< ypddfiv, write.] A scientific description of the 
cartilages. 
chondroid (kon'droid), o. [< Gr. *^ow5poei//f, 
contr. xovSputt/s, cartilaginous, < ^vrfpof, carti- 
lage, + e!of, form.] Cartilaginous; resembling 
cartilage. 
chondrologic (kon-dro-loj'ik), a. [< chondrol- 
ogy + -ic.J Of or pertaining to chondrology. 
chondrology (kon-drol'o-ji), n. [= P. chondro- 
logic, < Gr. ^ovd/wf, cartilage, + -/ioy/a, < )yeiv, 
Chondrocranium, or Car- 
tilaginous Skull of Chick, 
6th day of incubation. 
A, anterior end of noto- 
chord, embedded in the par- 
achordal cartilage which 
forms the basilar plate, bi- 
furcating to form the trabe- 
cuhe, tr, which inclose the 
pituitary space, P, then 
uniting in a bifurcated 
ethmovpmerine plate ; Co, 
Co, rudiments of cochlea ; 
Sc, rudiment of semicircii- 
qtt. quadrate 
form. 
62 
speak: see -ology.] The science or knowledge 
of cartilages. 
chondroma (kon-dro'ma), n. : pi. chondromnta 
(-ma-ta). [NL., < Gr.' xfoPt, cartilage, + 
-ojnrt.] In pathol., a tumor which consists essen- 
tially of cartilage. Also called enchondroma. 
chondromatOUS (kon-drom'a-tus), a. [< chon- 
drnma(t-) + -ous.~] Pertaining to a chondroma ; 
enchondromatous. 
chondrometer (kon-drom'e-ter), M. [< Gr. \tn/- 
rf/c, grain, groats, + /icrpov, a measure.] An 
instrument resembling a steelyard for weigh- 
ing grain. 
chondropharyngaeus (kon-dro-far-in-je'us), . 
[NL., < Gr. .ydi'dpof, cartilage, + NL. pharyn- 
gatus, < Gr. 6apvy%, throat: see pharynx.] That 
portion of the middle constrictor muscle of the 
pharynx which arises from the lesser cornu of 
the hyoid bone. Also chondropharyngeus. 
chondropharyngeal (kon'dro-fa-rin'je-al), a. 
and n. [< chondropharyngwus + -al."\ " I. a. 
Pertaining to the lesser horn of the hyoid bone 
and to the pharynx. 
II. n. The chondropharyngseus. 
Chondrophora (kon-drof'o-ra), n.pl. [NL., 
neut. pi. of chondrojrft&rus : see chondrophorous.~] 
A section of decapod dibranchiate Cephalopoda, 
having the internal shell horny. Most living 
cephalopods are of this character. The name 
is contrasted with Calciphora. 
chondrophorous (kon-drof'o-rus), a. [< NL. 
rhoiidrophoriis, < Gr. ow!pof, cartilage, + -fdpof , 
< tfiepetv = E. fteari.] Of or pertaining to the 
Chondropliora. 
and 
y-nnned ; having a cartilaginous 
skeleton; specifically, of or pertaining to the 
I 'hiiiiili-ii/iti ryijii. Also <-li<iiiilro/it< ri/i/ioiui, 
II. n. One of the < 'liiinilriii'li n/i/n. 
Chondropterygii (kon-drop-te-'rij'i-i), . pi. 
[NL., < Gr. .jwityxif, cartilage, -t- irTt/ii'-jiov, fin, 
dim. of irripvf, a wing, < Ttreptiv, a wing, = E. 
finthcr.] A group of fishes to which different 
values and limits have been assigned, (a) In 
Artedi s :md ..tlier early systems, an order including all the 
tlsh-Iik.- i. it, I, i,,t i -wit In. nt distinct no sin the llns that 
is, the selachians as well as the sturgeons and lampreys. (6) 
In t'inier -, MM.-HI. I lie second series i it the class nun or 
llshcs, en lit i-a, tin- with the MMOU lisbcs. haviiiu' the skel- 
eton essentially eartilat'in.iiis and the i niniuni sutnreless. 
The families of this series include tlie sturgeon, shark, 
ray, and lamprey. Also called I'n, v ( /i/. ,//,,/. (r) In IJiin- 
ther'a system, a subclass of llshcs, including all the se- 
lachians, characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton; skull 
without sutures; a body with medial and paired tins. 
of which the hinder are abdominal : caudal nn with pro- 
duced upper lube ; gills attached tu tin -km l.\ the outer 
margin, with several intervening gill-openings (rareh ..m- 
gill-opening only); no gill-covers; no air-bladder; three 
series of valves In the bulbils arterlosus ; optic nerves 
commlssurally united and not decussating ; and prehen- 
sile organs attached to the ventral (Ins of the males. - 
Chondropterygii branchils flxla, in ('uvler's system of 
classification, the second order of Chottdropteryyii, having 
lived branchiie or gills adherent by the external edge In 
such a manner that the water escapes through as many 
holes pierced in the skin as there are intervals between 
the brain-Ilia', or at least with these holes terminating in 
a ciimniun duet through which the water is ejected. 
chondropterygious (kon-drop-te-rij'i-us), a. 
8ame as eliondniptcrygian. 
chondros (kon'dros), w. See chondrug, 2. 
chondrosarcoma (kou'dro-sar-ko'inS), . ; pi. 
chondnixtimiHiiitn (-ma-tS). [NL., < (Jr. ^ovrfpoc, 
cartilage, + adpaufia, "sarcoma.] In pathol., a 
tumor composed of cartilaginous and sarcoma- 
tous tissue. 
chondrosarcoma tOUS (kondro-sar-kom'a-tus), 
a. [< chondrosarcoma(t-) + -ous.] In pathol., 
gristly or fleshy, as a tumor ; specifically, of or 
pertaining to a chondrosarcoma. 
Chondrosia (kon-dro'si-a), n. [NL., < Gr. xtn>- 
<5/jof, cartilage.] The typical genus of sponges 
of the family Chondrosiidce. 
Chondrosiidae (kon-dro-si'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < 
Chondrosia + -ida-.] A family of oligogilicine 
sponges, of the order Chondrospongice, having 
no flesh-spicules, typified by the genus Chondro- 
sia. Also Chondrosida>. Lendenfeld, 1887. 
chondrosis (kon-dro'sis), . [NL., < GT.'XOV- 
ipof, cartilage, + -o*w.] The formation of car- 
tilage. 
Chondrospongiae (kon - dro - spon ' ji-e), n. pi. 
[NL., < Gr. ;foi><5pof, cartilage, + air6yyof, 
sponge.] In Lendenfeld's system of classifi- 
cation (1887), the third order of sponges, an or- 
der of his subclass Silirea, in which there is a 
tough mesodermal substance or gristly meso- 
gloea, usually with isolated spicules of the te- 
traxon or monaxon type. It comprises the lithistids, 
tetractinelllds, some of the monactinellids, and most of 
the MyxottpontjicK of authors in general, 
chondrospongian (kon-dro-spon'ji-an), a. and 
n. I. a. Gristly, as a sponge ; specifically, of 
or pertaining to the Chondrospongice. 
H. n. A sponge of the order Chondrospongice. 
Chondrostel (kon-dros'te-i), n.pl. [NL., pi. of 
chondrosteus: see chondrosteous.'] 1. In Mai- 
ler's system of classification (1845), an order of 
ganoid fishes, characterized by the skeleton 
being partlv cartilaginous, partly bony, and 
the skin naked or provided with osseous buck- 
lers. 2. In Cope's system of classification, a 
primary division of actinopterous fishes, with 
an entire series of basilar segments of the ab- 
dominal ventral fins, and with no branchioste- 
gal rays and no pterotic bone: synonymous 
with Chondroganoidea. 
Chondrosteidae (kon-dros-te'i-de), n.pl. [NL., 
< Chondrosteus + -ida-.] A family of fossil 
chondrosteous fishes, represented by the genus 
Chondrosteus. 
Chondrosteosaurus (kon-dros'te-o-sa'rus), n. 
[NL., < Gr. xfodpos, cartilage, + oariov, bone, 
-f- oaiipor,, lizard.] A genus of fossil dinosau- 
rian reptiles of colossal size, from the Creta- 
ceous strata of Europe and America, 
chondrosteous (kon-dros'te-us), a. [< NL. 
chondrosteus, < Gr. ;<$vopof, cartilage, + oarfov, 
bone.] Having a cartilaginous skeleton, as a 
sturgeon or other member of the Chondrostei. 
Chondrosteus (kon-dros'te-us), a. [NL. (Agas- 
si?., 1843) : see chondrosteous.] A genus of fos- 
sil sturgeon-like fishes, made the type of a sep- 
arate family Chondrosteida. 
Chondrostoma (kon-dros'to-ma), n. [NL. 
(Agassiz, 1837), < Gr. x^"^pf, cartilage, + <rr6fta, 
