chough 
i-ifif/iilii, a chough); a variant, with n final gut- 
tural, of ME. CM, kit, i-ii. hi, I.-IHI. l.niri; etc., early 
mod. E, cue (sec cm ' nml I'liiltlnir), both forms 
bring orig. iiuitativo of cawing: sec <.!.] An 
oscino passerine bird of the family Corritlu: 
Chough (Pyrrhocorax gracultts). 
the red-legged or Cornish crow, Fregilus or 
Pyrrhocorax yraculus, of a black color, with 
red feet and beak, it la of very extensive though 
irregular distribution. Though a corvine bird, it has some 
relationship with the starlings. Also called, specifically, 
Cornish chough. There are other species, natives of Aus- 
tralia, Java, etc. Palsgrave applies the name to a young 
crow. 
The crows and choughs, that wing the midway air, 
Show scarce so gross as beetles. Shak., Lear, iv. 6. 
A kind of choughs, 
Or thievish daws, sir. 
B, Jontton, Alchemist, v. 3. 
Cornish Chough, (a) See above. (6) In her., same as 
aylet. It was at one time confined as a bearing to Cornish 
families. 
chouicha (chS'i-cha), n. Same as chavieha. 
chouk, . See choKe 3 . 
choult, n. A Middle English form of jowl. 
choultry, . See choltry. 
choups (chops), n. pi. [E. dial.] Hips; the 
fruit of briers. [North. Eng.] 
chourie, . See chowry. 
chpurtka (chort'kii), n. 1. A native name of a 
kind of partridge, Tetraogallus caspius, inhabit- 
ing mountainous regions in Russia and Siberia. 
2. [ca/>.] [NL.] A genus of such partridges : 
synonymous with Tetraogallus. Motschoulsky, 
1839. 
chous (kos or kpus), n. [Or. xve (> LI", chits), 
< x e ' v , pour, akin to E. gush: see alchemy. ~\ 1. 
In Gr. archteol., a vase similar iri form to the 
oinochoe, but larger, used to dip the mixed 
wine and water from the crater in order to fill 
the smaller pouring- vessels. 2. An ancient 
Attic measure of capacity, containing 12 co- 
tyles or the twelfth part of a metretes, and 
equivalent to 3.283 liters, or 2.8 quarts. The 
chous_was the equivalent of the Roman con- 
gius. " Daremberg ct Saglio ; Keinach, Manuel de 
Philologie, 1883. 
chouse (chous), ft. [Also spelled chiaus, chaus 
(also chiaous, after P. chiaour), repr. Turk. 
chffush, chausn, an interpreter, messenger, etc., 
< Ar. khawds (> Hind, khawds, an attendant, 
etc., lit. grandees, nobles), prop. pi. of Mas (s 
repr. letter sad), noble. In senses 2, 3, and 4, 
the noun is from the verb.] 1. A Turkish in- 
terpreter, messenger, or attendant. 
Dapper. What do you think of me, 
That I am a Chiause > 
Face. What's that? 
Dapper. The Turk was here 
As one would say, do you think I am a Turk 1 
B. Juntion, Alchemist, i. 2. 
Accompanied with a chaus of the court. Hakluyt. 
The chao-ush is a person of great authority in certain 
things ; he is a kind of living finnan, before whom every- 
one makes way. R. Curzon, Monast. in the Levant, p. 9. 
2. A trick ; a sham ; an imposition. Johnson. 
[Rare.] 3. An impostor; a cheat. 
This is the gentleman, and he's flo chimix. 
B. Jonson, Alchemist. 
4f. One who is easily cheated ; a tool ; a sim- 
pleton. 
Sillier than a sottish chatae. 
S. Butler, Hudibras, III. iii. 531. 
983 
ChOUSe (chons), r. t. ', pret. and ]>)>. Huntxi-il 
(rlioimt), ppr. cliinisiiiij. [Formerly al.-o i-limisi 
< fhoiisi; n.; lit., act like a chouse (in allusion 
to a Turkish interpreter or chouse who, in 100!), 
swindled some of the London merchants trad- 
ing with Turkey out of a large sum of money).] 
To cheat ; trick ; swindle : often followed by of 
or out of: as, to chouse one out of his money. 
You shall rltni/*' him mil </ hor >. rl..llies, iiml money. 
and I'll wink at it. /'..<;<' , Wild Gallant, ii. 'l. 
Tin- I'ortilKalls have <7."..r./ us, it serins, in the Island 
of Uombay, in the East Indys ; for after a great charge ,,t' 
cjur tleets being sent thither with full coinmixKiim from 
the Kintf of rortugall to receive it, the tiovcrnoiir, liy 
some pretence or other, will not deliver it to Sir Abraham 
Hhipinan, sent from the King, nor to my I.nnl of Marl- 
buruugh. /'.-;,./.., Diary, I. 420. 
chousingha (chou'sing-ha), . Same as chi- 
Av/rai. 
chout 1 (chout), . [E. dial.] A frolic or merry- 
making. Halliwell, [Prov. Eng.] 
chout- (chout), n. [Repr. Hind, chanth for 
I'liinillnli, a fourth part of the revenue, < Skt. 
chaturtha = E. fourth, q. v.] In the East In- 
dies, a fourth part of the clear revenue, ex- 
torted by the Mahrattas ; hence, extortion ; 
blackmail. 
Sivaji the Mahratta . . . organized a regular system of 
blackmail, known for more than a quarter of a century 
afterwards as the Mahratta chout. 
J. T. Wheeler, Short Hist. Ind., p. 175. 
chouxt, >i. [Prob. < F. chou, cabbage, on ac- 
count of its shape.] A name in the seventeenth 
century of the chignon. 
chqvy (cho'vi), n. ; pi. chovies (-viz). [E. dial. ; 
origin obscure. ] The popular name of a British 
beetle, Phyllopertha horticola. 
chow 1 (cho), v. t. and i. [Var. of chew, chaw 1 , 
a. v.] To chew. [Prov. Eng.] 
chow 2 (chou), n. [Var. of chaw 2 for jaw ; or, 
with usual loss of final -I, abbr. from chowl for 
jowl, q. v.] The jowl : used only in the phrase 
"cheek for chow" (that is, cheek by jowl). 
[Scotch.] 
chow 3 (chou), i>. i. [E. dial. Cf. chowter.] To 
grumble. [Prov. Eng.] 
chow* (chou), n. [Chinese.] A word forming 
part of the names of many places in China, in- 
dicating either a prefecture or district of the 
second rank or the chief city of such a dis- 
trict : thus, Ning-hai-cAow may mean either the 
district of Ning-hai or the city of Ning-hai. 
Sometimes spelled chao, chau, and choo. 
chow 6 (chou), n. [Hind, chau (chieflyin comp.), 
var. of char, < Skt. chatur=z'E.four.] 1. A unit 
of weight in Bombay, used for gold and silver, 
and equal to three tenths of a troy grain. 2. 
A unit of the nature of the square of a mass, 
used in the East Indies in the valuation of 
pearls. A Madras chow is 48 square grains 
troy, a Bombay chow 15.7 square grains. 
chow-chow (chou'chou), a. and n. [Pigeon 
English.] I. a. Mixed; miscellaneous; bro- 
ken Chow-Chow box, a Japanese lacquered picnic- or 
luncheon-box, with spaces for bottles, and trays or drawers 
for the various edibles, chop-sticks, etc., frequently richly 
decorated. Chow-chow cargo, an assorted cargo. 
Chow-chow chop, the lot of smaller miscellaneous pack- 
ages sent otf in the last lighter or cargo-lmat to a vessel 
loading in a roadstead or harbor. Chow-chow Shop, 
a general shop ; a variety shop. Chow-chow water, 
short, irregular waves, such as those made by the paddles 
or propeller of a steamer, the meeting of currents in a 
river, etc. 
II. . 1. Food of any kind, but especially 
Chinese food, which is usually broken or cut up 
in the course of cooking into pieces suitable for 
being eaten with chop-sticks. 2. A preserve 
made in southern China, of odds and ends of 
orange-peel, ginger, bamboo, pumelo-rind, syr- 
up, etc. 3. A mixed pickle made with mus- 
tard in the East Indies, and imitated else- 
where. 
chowder (chou'der), n. [Origin unknown. In 
first sense perhaps < F. chaudiere, a caldron: 
see chalderl, caldron. " In the fishing-villages 
of Brittany /aire la chaudiere is to provide a cal- 
dron in which is cooked a mess of fish and bis- 
cuit with some savory condiments a 'hodge- 
podge' contributed by the fishermen them- 
selves, each of whom in return receives his 
share of the prepared dish. The French would 
seem to have carried this practice to America." 
N. and Q."] 1. A dish of fish or clams boiled 
with biscuits or crackers, pork, potatoes, on- 
ions, etc., and variously seasoned. It is com- 
mon among the fishermen on the banks of New- 
foundland and in New England. 2. A picnic 
party, especially at the sea-shore, at which the 
main dish is chowder. See def. 1. 
chrism 
A rl,i,n;l,'r was given a few weeks ago at the head of our 
little bay. 77.. <; ,:t,,,,i, XX VIII. M5. 
3. A fish-seller, llulliinll. [Prov. Eng. J 
chowder (chou'der), e. t. [< choicdcr, .] To 
make a chowder of : as, to </<(/<// , fish. [Ameri- 
can.] 
chowder-beer (chou'der-ber), n. A beverage 
made in the west of England ami in Newfound- 
land by boiling twigs of black spruce in water 
and mixing the product with molasses. 
choweecha (chou'e-clni ), //. Same as i-liin ii-lin. 
chowert (chou'er), v. i. [Cf. chow 3 , chowter.] 
To grumble ; scold. 
hut when tlie crabbed nurce 
iU'Hiimes to elude and l-tuHI'ff, 
With heavic heart I take my course 
To scauanl- in.m the towre. 
Turberville, tr. of Ovid (if* 17). fol. 122. (llattivrll.) 
chowlt, An old form of jowl. See chavel. 
chowlee ichou'le), n. [Auglo-Ind., < Hind. 
i-liiiuliii, rliiniln.] A species of bean, Vigna or 
Dolichos Catiany, which is extensively culti- 
vated for food in the tropics of the old world. 
chowpatty, . Same as chupatty. 
Chowrie, . See c/micry. 
chowry (chou'ri), . ; pi. chowries (-riz). [Repr. 
Hind, ehaunri, Beng. chumara, Skt. chamara.] 
In the East Indies, a whisk or brush used to 
drive off flies, often made of the bushy tail of 
the Tibetan yak set in a decorated handle, 
and in this form one of the ensigns of ancient 
Asiatic royalty. Also spelled ehourie, chowrie. 
chowset, '* and r. See chouse. 
chowtert (chou'ter), v. i. [E. dial. ; cf . chow 3 
and chowcr.'] To grumble or mutter like a fro- 
ward child. E. Phillips, 1706. 
choy-root (choi'rSt), . Same as shaya-root. 
chrematistic (kre-ma-tis'tik), a. and n. [= F. 
chrematistique, (. Gr. xprinaTiaTiK&s, pertaining to 
business or money-making, < xpitfarurriK, a man 
of business, < jp^ariff"', transact business, < 
Xpq[ia(T-), a thing, pi. /j#/jara, property, wealth, 
money, < xpfiaQai, use.] I. . Relating or per- 
taining to finance or the science of wealth. 
[Rare.] 
I am not the least versed in the chrematistic art, as an 
old frieud of mine called it. I know not how to get a 
shilling, nor how to keep it in my pocket if I had it. 
Fielding, Amelia, ix. 5. 
H. n. Same as chrematistics. 
chrematistics (kre-ma-tis'tiks), n. [PL of chre- 
matistic: see -ics.~\ The science of wealth: a 
name given by some writers to the science of 
political economy, or, in a more restricted sense, 
to that portion of the science which relates to 
the management and regulation of wealth and 
property. 
chreptechnics (kre-o-tek'niks), n. [< Gr. xp"f , 
useful, + Tixw, art: see technical The useful 
arts ; specifically, agriculture, manufactures, 
and commerce. [Rare.] 
chrestpmathic, chrestomathical (kres-to- 
math'ik, -i-kal), a. [< chrestomathy + -ic, -ical. ] 
Relating to a chrestomathy. 
chrestomathy (kres-tom'a-thi), n. ; pi. chres- 
tomathies (-thiz). [= F. chrestomathie, < Gr. 
Xpqaro/iaOcta, desire of learning, a book of selec- 
tions (of 'things worth knowing'),^ ;rw TTO /' a '%, 
desirous of learning, < xi"l aT ^ft good, worthy; 
useful (verbal adj. of xpyaOat, use), + -^*[iad m 
ftavQaveiv, learn: see mathematics, ] A collec- 
tion of extracts and choice pieces, especially 
from a foreign language, with notes of expla- 
nation and instruction : as, a Hebrew chres- 
tomathy. 
Chrisis, . See Chrysis. 
chrism (krizm), n. [Also chrisom, early mod. 
E. also chrismt, crisme, chrisome, crisome; < 
ME. crisme, crysme, crisome, crysome, chrism 
(oil), < AS. crisma, chrism (oil or vesture), = 
OHG. chrismo, chrisamo, chresamo, MHG. crisme, 
kreseme, crisem, kresem, G. chrisam, chrism 
(oil) (ME. also creime, creym, < OF. cresme, 
chresme, F. chreme = Pr. Sp. It. crisma = Pg. 
chrisma), < LL. chrisma, chrism (oil), < Gr. XP'"- 
/ia, an unguent, unction, < xP' ftv , rub, graze, 
besmear, anoint : see Christ. The form chrisom 
is archaic; chrism is now preferred in technical 
and literary use.] 1. Eccles.: (a) A sacred 
ointment, consecrated by a bishop, used in the 
rites of baptism, confirmation, ordination, and 
coronation, in the consecration of churches, 
altar-stones, and chalices, and in blessing the 
baptis&al water. In the Roman Catholic Church it 
consists of a mixture of oil and balsam, and in the Eastern 
Church of oil, wine, and various aromatics. Its use in 
baptism was continued in the Anglican Church for a short 
time after the Reformation. The name is sometimes ap- 
plied to consecrated oil generally, including the oil of cate- 
chumens and the oil of the sick. See <>i f . 
