chromatology 
chromatology (kro-ma-tol'o-ji), . [< (Jr. x(>"- 
/m(r-), color, + -'/.o-,ia','<, /.(';>, discourse: see 
-"'".'/.'/I T''u science of or a treatise on colors: 
as, vegetable ehroakttology, 
chromatometer (kro-nia-tom'e-ter), . [< (ir. 
XiJitu(T-), color, + /JITIIH'I; a measure. ] A scale 
for measuring or discriminating colors. 
Ami llm^ . . . the prismatic spectrum of .-iinli^lil be- 
came, for certain purposes, nn exact ehnaatomtttr. 
Whfir.-ll, Mjst. Scientific Ideas, I. 841. 
chromatopathia (kr6"ma-to-path'i-|i), n. 
[NL., < (ir. xp"P a ( T -), color, -J- -af)o$, disease.] 
In iMithol,, pigmentary disease of the skin; 
chroraatosis. 
chromatopathic ( kro ma - to - path ' ik), a. [< 
cltnit<iti>ii<itliiit + -ic.] Pertaining to or affected 
with chromatopathia. 
chromatophore (kro'ma-to-for), n. [< Gr. 
XpiJ/ta(T-), color, 4- -tpopof, bearing, < Qt'ixtv = E. 
linii-l.] 1. One of the pigment-cells iu animals. 
The pigment [ill the lizanli encroaches upon the epi- 
dermis, oecnp> inn tin- interstices between its cells, so that 
the dermal rlinnnalniihuret are well-nigh hiilclell. 
Mind, IX. 418. 
Cutaneous structures called chrontatophoreji, which are 
little sacs containing pigment of various colors, anil each 
with an aperture, which when open allows the color con- 
tained to appear, ami when closed conceals it. It is by 
the various conn-actions of these sacs that the chameleon 
effects those changes of color for which it ia celebrated. 
Mimirt, Klein. Anat., p. 488. 
It is lo the successive expansion ami contraction of these 
I'fn'nnititi'itfiiu-i'x that the Cephalopoda owe the peculiar 
play of "shot" colors, which pass like blushes over their 
surface in the living state. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 445. 
2. In . tctiiiozoa, one of the brightly colored bead- 
like bodies in the oral disk of some species, as 
Actinia mesembryanthemum. They are diverticula 
of the body-wall ; their surface is composed of close-set 
bacilli, beneath which is a layer of strongly refracting 
spherules, then a layer of similarly refracting cones, sub- 
jacent to which are ganglion-cells and nerve-plexuses. 
These marginal bodies are supposed to be sense-organs. 
3. In hot., a name that has been given to the 
granules which occur in the protoplasm of 
plants, including the colorless leucoplastids, 
the green chlorophyl granules or chloroplastids, 
and the chromoplastids. 
chromatophorous (kro-ma-tof 'o-rus), a. [< Gr. 
Xpv/ta(T-), color, + -<]>6pot;, bearing, < Qtpeiv = 
E. ftearl.] 1. Having chromatophores. 2. 
Containing pigment ; of the nature of a chro- 
matophore. 
chromatopseudopsis (kro'tna-to-su-dop'sis), . 
[NL., < Gr. xp<->, ua ( T -)t color, + i/>fw5(fc, false, -t- 
oi/f, vision.] In pathol., color-blindness. 
chromatopsia (kro-ma-top'si-a), n. fNL. : see 
chromatopsy.] In pathol., colored vision; an 
abnormal state in which sensations of color 
arise independently of external causes, or things 
are seen unnaturally colored, as when objects 
appear yellow after taking santonin. Also 
chromopsia, chroopsia. 
chromatopsy (kro'ma-top-si), n. [< NL. chro- 
matopsia, < Gr. ^pu/ia(r-), color, + o^if, vision.] 
Englished form of chromatopsia. 
chromatoscope (kro'ma-td-skop), n. [< Gr. 
Xpuua(T-), color, + onoireiv, view.] An instru- 
ment for compounding colors by combining the 
light reflected from different colored surfaces. 
chromatosis (kro-ma-to'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
Xpi>/ta(r-), color, -1- -ost*.] In pathol., a devia- 
tion from the normal pigmentation of a part: 
applied especially to the skin. 
cb.romatosph.ere (kro'ma-to-sfer), n. [< Gr. 
Xpi>/ta(T-), color, + a<t>aipa, sphere.] Same as 
chromospltere. [Rare.] 
In contact with the photosphere Is what resembles a 
sheet of scarlet flre. . . . This is the chromosphere (or 
chromatosphere if one is fastidious as to the proper for- 
mation of a Oreek derivation). 
C. A. Youny, The Sun, p. 180. 
chromatospheric (kro'ma-te-sfer'ik), a. [< 
chromatosphere + -ic.] Of or pertaining to the 
chromatosphere or chromosphere: as, "chro- 
matospheric matter," H. W. Warren, Recrea- 
tions in Astronomy, p. 87. 
chromatrope. chromotrope (kro'ma-trop, -mo- 
trop), . [Short for * chromatotrope, (. Gr. xP>->- 
jua(r-), color, + -rpovof, < rpiveiv, turn.] 1. An 
arrangement in a magic lantern similar in its 
effect to the kaleidoscope. The pictures are pro- 
duced by brilliant designs painted on two circular glasses, 
which are made to rotate 
in opposite directions by 
the turning of a crank. 
2. A toy, consisting 
of a disk on which are 
painted circular arcs 
of bright colors in 
pairs, so placed that 
when the disk is made chromtropc. 
987 
to revolve rapidly streams of color seem to flow 
to or from tin- center, 
chromaturia (kro-ma-tu'ri-ii), . [NL., < Gr. 
Xi>u/ia(r-), color, + nl/xii; urine.] hi p<illidl., 
the secretion iif urine of an abnormal color, 
chromatype, chromatypy. See rlin,iit<>ti/i>i; 
ftirtiimiti/fii/. 
chrome (krom), . [< chromium.'] Chromium. 
Oxford Chrome, an o\iil of iron n.se.l in oil ami watej- 
color painting. Also called tlxftml /*<-/ (which M-C, un- 
Icr n,'l,,T). 
chrome (kroin), v. t.; pret. and pp. clim/nnl, ]>pr. 
rlirniiiiiii/. [< chrome, H.] In dyeing, to subject 
to a bath of bichromate of potash. 
To chrome the wool. Manii/. Rev., XX. 240. 
chrome-alum (krom'al'um), . A crystalliza- 
ble double salt (K 2 SO 4 + Cr 2 (8O 4 )3 + 2411.ji ; 
formed of the sulphates of chromium and potas- 
sium: a by-product in the manufacture of art iti- 
cial alizarin, used in dyeing and calico-printing. 
chrome-black (krom'blakj, . A certain color 
produced in dyeing cotton or wool. See black. 
chrome-color '(krom'kul'or), . A color pre- 
paivd from some of the salts of chromium. 
chrome-green (krom'gren), . A pigment 
made by mixing chrome-yellow with Prussian 
blue. The depth of the resulting green color 
depends on the proportion of blue added. 
chromeidoscope (kro-mi'do-skop), . [< Gr. 
Xi'&fta, color, + nioc, shape, + aiamclv, view.] 
Same as debuscope. 
chrome-iron (krom'i'ern), n. S&Tae&schronii/i . 
chrome-ironstone (krom'i''ern-st6n), . Same 
as fln'oiniff. 
chrome-mica (krom'ini'ka),?!. Sameas/ucAsite. 
chrome-OCher (krom'o'lcer), . An impure 
clayey material containing some chromium 
oxid, and hence of a bright-green color. It is 
sometimes used as a pigment. 
chrome-orange (krom'or'anj), n. A bright- 
yellow pigment, consisting of lead chromate. 
chrpme-oxid (krom'ok'sid), n. Same as chromic 
oxid (which see, under chromic). 
chrome-red (krom'red), H. A bright-red pig- 
ment consisting of the basic chromate of lead. 
chrome-yellow (krom'yel'6), n. A yellow pig- 
ment of which there are various shades, from 
lemon to deep orange, all composed of chro- 
mates of lead. Their color is very pure and 
brilliant. 
chromhidrosis (krom-hi-dro'sis), n. Same as 
chrotnidrosis. 
chromic (kro'mik), a. [< chrome + -ic.'] Per- 
taining to chrome or chromium, or obtained 
from it Chromic acid, HaCr 2 O 4 , an acid which forms 
a large number of colored salts, the most important of 
which are potassium chromate and bichromate. See chro- 
mate. Chromic iron. Same as chrmnite. Chromic 
OXid t more properly chromic hydroxid, CrgO(OH)4, a pig- 
ment known as Guiynet's green, prepared by heating bi- 
chromate of potash with borax and lixiviating the result- 
ing mass. Also called chrome-oxid. 
chromid (kro'mid), n. A fish of the family 
Chromidce. 
Chromidae (krom'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Chromis 
(Chromid-) + -idee.'] Same as Chromides. See 
Chromis. 
Chromides (krom'i-dez), n. pi. [NL., pi. of 
Chromis. Cf. Chromidte.] In Gtinther's system 
of classification, a family of Acanthopterygii 
pharyngognathi with no pseudobranehue : sy- 
nonymous with Cichlidie. Also Chromidce, Chro- 
mididas. 
chromidia, n. Plural of chromidium. 
chromidian (kro-mid'i-an), n. [< Chromidce + 
-ian.] A fish of the family Chromidw; a cich- 
lid. Sir J. Richardson. 
chromidid (krom'i-did), n. A fish of the fam- 
ily Chromididtf. 
Chromididae (kro-mid'i-de), n. pi. Same as 
Chromides. 
Chromldinae (krom-i-di'ne), n. pi. [NL., < 
Chromis (Chromid-) + -inte.~\ A subfamily of 
Chromidie, with the spinous portion of the dor- 
sal fin much larger than the soft. 
chromidium (kro-mid'i-um), n.; pi. chromidia 
(-&). [NL., < Gr. XP<->I">, color, + dim. -i6iav,} 
In liekenology, an algal cell in a lichen thallus : 
a term proposed by Sitzenberger: same as go- 
nidium. 
chromidoid (krom'i-doid), a. and . [< Chromis 
(Chromid-) + -oid.'] I. a. Pertaining to or 
having the characters of the Chromididoe or 
('bromides. 
II. n. A chromidid or chromid. 
chromidrosis (kro-mi-dro'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
Xpu/'a, color, + ifpuf, sweat, 4- -osis.] In pa- 
thol.. the secretion of colored sweat. Also writ- 
ten chromhidrosis. 
chromoid 
chromiferoUS (km-mife-rns), </. [< NL. rlii-n- 
111111111+ I,. J'irri. = !;. IIKI/ :] . + -in/.- 1 . | Cufitain- 
iiif,' elirniiiiiini : :i^. a rlii'i/niiji mn.i garnet. 
Chroming (kro'niin^l. . |< <7i/o;. + -///'.] 
The jirncess of sulijectini; fnliries, in certain 
prnresses in dyeing, to a butli of bichromate of 
potash. 
rtiri>ni'nii, i. e. , paj*i!iK through a hath of bichromate 
aciditlol vutli stilpliinii :c el 
/;. H.iiu-t. i'oal-tar Colours (trans.), p. 148. 
r/,,"//M/r/, , ilhcr hot or cold, in bichromate at 1 Ib. salt 
to -Jil galloiw of water after steaming, :ic, unipllshi - tin- 
complete IlxiiiK of the colour. Urt, Diet.. I , 
chromiometer (kro-mi-om'e-tfr), n. [Irreg. < 
Gr. xi"'" 1 ". color. + utrpov. nieasurc'.J An ap- 
paratus for testing water liy its optical purity, 
consist in^' c's-entially of a glass tube filled with 
water, through which light is seen by reflection. 
chromiont (kro'tni-on), n. Same as rlirniiiiiitii. 
Ohromis (krt'nrif), /'. |M... < L. chromis, < 
Gr. xp6f"':< " k' 1 "' t sea-fish.] A genus of 
fishes, typical of the family Chromiate, or re- 
ferred to the family Cichlidai. (a) Originally insti- 
tute. I bvcnvieriii lil 7. fur tin- Mediterranean C. cattlanea. 
It was thus identical with the genus afterward called //. 
liata, and a representative of the family 1'inttofentridcf. 
(b) Hubsequen! l\ c\ten<ie<i to embrace also sundry African 
ami South American Menh-waler fishes, (c) It was later 
o-Hi't'.l to certain African species, of which the Iwtlti 
is one. It has been used in tnis sen.*e l>> nm.i nioilern 
ichthyologists, and taken as a type of a family Chnmiidir 
or Chromidett ; but others pro|terly restrict the name to 
the original type and ite conveners. )K-loii|4ingtothe family 
i '..,,,-:, ;,,! ,1,1,1', ;ir,'. -J it j n^' the name Tiltti'iti for the African 
forms, and referring the latter genus to the family Cichlidtf. 
chromism (kro'mizm), n. [< Gr. xp&pa, color, + 
-inni. Cf. ehromatism,] Same as chromatitem, 2. 
chromite (kro'mit), . [< chrom(ium) + -ite 2 .] 
Native iron chromate (FeCr 2 Oi), occurring 
massive and in octahedral crystals of a black 
color. Tills, the most important ore of chromium, is 
chiefly obtained from the Shetland islands, Norway, Cali- 
fornia, and the I'ral mountains. Also called chrome-iron, 
chruiM-ironttune, and chromic iron. 
chromium (kro'mi-um), n. [NL. (from the 
beautiful colors of its compounds), < Gr. XP"/* , 
color, + -tt(.] Chemical symbol, Cr; atomic 
weight, 52.3; specific gravity, 6.8-7.3. An ele- 
ment belonging to the metals, obtained in the 
pure state as a light-green crystalline powder. 
The separate crystals under the microscope have a tin- 
white color. It is less fusible than platinum, and alter 
fusion is harder than corundum. It oxidizes slowly in the 
air, but burns vividly In oxygen. Hot hydrochloric or 
sulphuric acid dissolves it ; nitric acid does not affect it 
Chromium does not occur native. It Is found in the min- 
eral crocolte or croeoisite (lead chromate), and as a sul- 
phid in daubreelite ; it occurs also in some meteoric iron, 
and the tine green color which makes the emerald valua- 
ble is believed to be due to chromium ; but the most abun- 
dant ore of chromium is chromlte or chrome-ironstone. 
Among its most important compounds are the oxidorses- 
quioxid (Cr'jOa), which occurs native in chrome-ocher and 
chromite. It is a dull-green powder when made artifi- 
cially by reduction of the chromates, and is used exten- 
sively for imparting a green color to porcelain and en- 
amel, and somewhat as a pigment, in the form of chromic 
oxid, under the name of Guirpiet't green. PotaitsiutH bi- 
chromate * K-ji'r.ji T ) is the salt from which most salts of 
chromium are prepared. It forms garnet-red crystals, 
which dissolve in water, making a red solution. It is 
largely used in dyeing and calico-printing and as an oxi- 
dizing agent : also in the carbon or other processes of pho- 
tographic printing, and in a form of voltaic cell called the 
bichromate cell. See ''-//, g. it is an active poison. 
Transparent oxid of chromium, a pigment used by 
artists, composed of a hydrated oxid of chromium. It 
differs but little from Guignet's green. 
chromo (kro'mo), . An abbreviation of chro- 
molithograph. 
chrome-. See chramato-. 
chromocrinia (kro-mo-krin'i-a), w. [NL., < Gr. 
Xpu/ia, color, + npiveiv, separate (secrete).] 
In pathol., the secretion of colored matter, as 
by the skin. See chromidrosis. 
chromocyclograph (kro'mo-si'klo-graf), n. [< 
Gr. XP<->I UI J color, -I- xfactaf, a circle, cycle (se- 
ries), T yp6<t>etv, write.] A colored picture 
printed from a series of blocks, each bearing 
its separate color. 
Chromogen (kro'mo-jen), n. [< Gr. xpupa, color, 
+ -yf>"K, producing: see -gen."] The coloring 
matter of plants. 
chromogenic (kro-mo-jen'ik), a. [< chromogen 
+ -ie.] 1 . Pertaining to chromogen. 2. Pro- 
ducing color Chromogenic bacteria, those bacte- 
ria which produce some color or pigment characteristic of 
the species. Thus, Micrococcitg prodiffiomis upon starchy 
substances produces blood-red spots. Some other fungi 
are chromogenic, as species of Chcetomium upon paper. 
chromogenous (kro-moj'e-nus), a. [< chromo- 
qen + -nus.~] Same as fhromogenif, 2. 
chromograph (kTo'mo-graf), n. [< Gr. xp"f a , 
color, T ypafyfiv, write.] Same as hectograph. 
chromoid (kro'moid), a. and . [< Chromis + 
-oid.] I. a. Pertaining to or having the charac- 
ters of the ChroinHla 1 . 
II. . A fish of the family Chromidte. 
