chromoleucite 
chromoleucite (kro-mo-lu'sit), . [< Gr. 
fta, color, + tevKuf, white, + -ite 2 .] Same as 
cliromo)ilastid. 
chromolithic (kro-mo-lith'ik), a. [< chromo- 
lith(ogruph) + -ic. Cf. , chromolithographic.] Re- 
lating to a chromolithograph ; executed in chro- 
molithography. 
An impression of a drawing on stone, printed at Paris 
in colours, by the process termed chromolithic. 
Proc. Soe. Antiq. (1844), i. 22. 
chromolithograph (kro-mo-lith'o-graf), . [< 
Gr. xp<->, ua ! color, + lithograph.] A picture or 
print obtained by the process of chromolithog- 
raphy. Often abbreviated to chroma. 
chromolithograph (krd-mo-lith'o-graf), p. t. [< 
chromolithograph, n.] To produce by means of 
chromolithography. 
chromolithographer (kr6"mo-li-thog'ra-fer), n. 
One who practises chromolithography. 
chromolithographic (kro-mo-lith-6-graf'ik), a. 
[< ehromoUtkography + -ic. ' Cf. cltromolithic.] 
Pertaining to or executed in chromolithography. 
A very considerable degree of fidelity and naturalness 
in the representation of flowers is already secured by the 
ctifomo-lithographic process. Pop. Sci. Mo., XIII. 502. 
chromolithography (kr6 // mo-li-thog / ra-fl), . 
[< Gr. XP"/" 1 , color, + lithography.'] A method 
of producing colored lithographic pictures by 
the use of a number of prepared lithographic 
stones. The general outline and the outline of each of 
the tints in the picture to be reproduced are first traced, 
and then transferred to the first stone, or keystone, by the 
ordinary methods of lithography, or the design is drawn 
directly on the keystone. For the coarser kinds of color- 
printing the outlines of the design are made upon zinc 
plates with pen or brush, and thence transferred to the 
stone. From the keystone, which bears the skeleton de- 
sign, the outlines of each tint are separately transferred 
to as many other stones as there are colors in the picture, 
sometimes as many as forty. The first impression, taken 
by the printer from the keystone, gives the outlines of 
the picture, the second, taken from another stone, all the 
yellow tints, the third all the reds, and so on until all the 
colors needed are given. Before each successive impres- 
sion the sheets are adjusted to a nicety, in order that the 
colors may not overlap one another. This adjustment 
is called the register. After the printing is completed the 
sheets are sometimes passed through an embossing-press, 
to give them a canvas-like surface. 
chromophan (kro'mo-fan), n. [< Gr. xp<jp a t 
color, + (paiveiv (\/ *0a"), appear.] The color- 
ing matter of the inner segments of the cones 
of the retina of certain animals. Three varie- 
ties have been described, chlorophan, rhodo- 
phan, and xanthophan. 
chromophilous (kro-mof ' i-lus), a. [< Gr. %P"- 
fia, color, + 0i/iof, loving.] Fond of color ; spe- 
cifically, in embryol., having a special affinity for 
coloring matter, or readily becoming colored, 
as that deeper portion of the substance of an 
ovum which is called chromatin : the opposite 
of achromophilous. 
chromophorous (kro-mof'o-rus), a. [< Gr. xp"- 
IM, color, + -$6po$, <. QepEtv = E. bear*.] Bear- 
ing or producing color. 
The groups which cause the colour of a compound are 
known as chromophorous or colour-bearing groups. 
Benedikt, Coal-tar Colours (trans.), p. 28. 
chromophotograph (kro-mo-fo'to-graf), n. [< 
Gr. xpufui, color, + photograph.] A picture 
produced by the process of chromophotography. 
Chromo-photographi . . . leave nothing to be desired 
when executed with taste. Silver Sunbeam, p. 516. 
chromophotography (kr6"mo-fo-tog'ra-fi), n. 
[< Gr. xp<->l ja t color, + photography.] Photog- 
raphy in colors. 
chrpmoplastid (kro-mo-plas'tid), n. [< Gr. 
Xpu/ta, color, + Tr/laorof, verbal adj. of TtUaaeiv, 
form (see plastic), + -id 2 .] In bot., a granule 
inclosed in protoplasm, resembling a chloro- 
phyl granule, but of some other color than green. 
The colors of flowers and fruits are largely due 
to their presence. Also called chromoleucite. 
chromopsia (kro-rnop'si-ii), n. [NL. (>E. chro- 
mopsy), < Gr. xpufia, color, + bijitf, sight.] Same 
as chromatopsia. 
chromopsy (kro'mop-si), n. English form of 
chromopsia. 
chromosphere (kro'mo-sfer), n. [< Gr. XP"- 
pa, color, + a<t>alpa, a sphere.] A rose-colored 
gaseous envelop around the body of the sun, 
through which the light of the photosphere 
passes, and from which the enormous red cloud- 
masses of flames of hydrogen, called solar pro- 
tuberances, are at times thrown up. Also chro- 
inatosphere, color-sphere, and sierra. 
The solar photosphere is covered by a layer of glowing 
vapors and gases of very irregular depth. . . . This va- 
porous atmosphere is commonly called the chromosphere, 
sometimes the sierra. It is entirely invisible to direct vi- 
sion, whether with the telescope or naked eye, except for 
a few seconds about the beginning or end of a total eclipse, 
988 
but it may be seen on any clear day through the spectro- 
scope. Neu'coiiib ntui Ilolden, Astronomy, p. 279. 
Stellar chromosphere, the gaseous envelop supposed to 
surround a star. 
chromospheric (kro-mo-sfer'ik), a. [< chromo- 
H/iherc + -ic.] Pertaining or relating to the 
chromosphere : as, the chromospheric spectrum. 
Here and there great masses of the chromanforie mat- 
ter rise high above the general level like clouds of flames, 
and arc then known as prominences or protuberances. 
C. A. Young, The Sun, p. 17. 
chromOStrpbOSCOpe (kro-mo-stro'bo-skop), n. 
[< Gr. xp<J,ua, color, + arpojloc, a twisting, a 
whirling (<. orptyeiv, twist, turn: see strophe), 
+ aKoireiv, view.] A scientific toy illustrating 
the persistence of visual impressions by the 
rapid rotation of variously colored designs. 
chromotrope, See chromatrope. 
chromotype, chromatype (kro'mo-trp, -ma- 
tip), n. [< Gr. xp<->: ua , color, + rnrof, type.] 
1. A photo-engraving process for producing 
images adapted for hand-coloring. The image is 
printed from a rather thin negative upon a gelatin film 
sensitized with bichromate of potassium. The film after 
development is transferred to a sheet of paper. The pro- 
cess is employed chiefly for copying botanical specimens 
and engravings. 
2. A picture produced by this process. 3. A 
sheet of printed matter from types or engraved 
blocks where a number of forms are used, each 
one with an ink of a different color, as in chro- 
molithography (which see). . 
chromotypic (krp-mo-tip'ik), a. [< chromotypy 
+ -ic.] Pertaining to or of the nature of chro- 
motypy. 
Another point in the [heliotype] process is the adaptation 
of it to chromotvpic printing. 
Workshop Receipts, 1st ser., p. 272. 
chromotypography (kr6"m6-ti-pog'ra-fi), n. [< 
Gr. xp<->n<i, color, + typography.] Typography 
in colors ; the art of printing with type in vari- 
ous colors. 
chromotypy, chromatypy (kro'mo-ti-pi, -ma- 
ti-pi), n. [See chromotype.] In photog., the 
chromotype process. See chromotype, 1. 
chrompus (kro'mus), a. [< chrom(ium) + -otis.] 
Pertaining to, of the nature of, or containing 
chromium. 
chromoxylography (kr6"mo-zl-log'ra-fi), n. [< 
Gr. xP'-'^t color, + xylography.] The art or 
process of printing wood-engravings in various 
colors. 
Chromo-xylography, effected by a series of blocks print- 
ed in succession, was comparatively late, and, like the 
simpler art, it was derived from China. 
Quarterly Rev., CXXVII. 108. 
chrpmulet, chromylet, . [< Gr. xp"^, color, 
+ iity, matter: see -yl.] The coloring matter 
of plants, especially of petals, etc. 
chronic (kron'ik), a. and n. [I. a. : = F. chro- 
nique; cf. Sp. cronico = Pg. chronico = It. cronico 
(= D. G. chronisch = Dan. Sw. kronisk), (. L. 
chronicus, < Gr. ^-powAOf , < ;rpovoc, time, of uncer- 
tain origin. II. n. : < ME. cronike, cronyke, cro- 
nique (= D. kronijk = OHG. kroneke, cronike, 
croniek, MHG. G. chronica, chronik = Dan. kro- 
nike = Sw. kronika), < OF. cronique, F. chro- 
nique = Pr. cronica = Sp. cronica = Pg. chro- 
nica = It. cronica, < L. chronica, sing., orig. 
pi., < Gr. pov</>d, annals, neut. pi. of ^povixdj, 
relating to time. Cf. chronicle.] I. . 1. Per- 
taining or relating to time; having reference 
to time. [Kare.] Specifically 2. Continuing 
a long time ; inveterate or of long continuance, 
as a disease ; hence, mild as to intensity and 
slow as to progress: inpathol., opposed to acute. 
Some pathologists have invented a third epithet, viz., 
sub-acute, intending to designate thereby cases which hold 
an equivocal rank, which are neither decidedly acute nor 
plainly chronic. Watson, Lectures, viii. 
The disturbance which warfare works, though slight 
compared with the chronic misery which it inflicted in 
earlier times, is now beginning to be regarded as unen- 
durable. J, Fiike, Evolutionist, p. 209. 
Also, rarely, chronical. 
Il.t . A chronicle. 
He in a chroniqtie sandy mighte it write. 
Chaucer, Nun's Priest's Tale, 1. 387. 
The Cronike doth treteth this brefly, 
More ferther wold go, mater finde might I. 
Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 5718. 
The best chronique that can be now compiled. 
L. Add-on, Descrip. of West Barbary. 
chronica, n. Plural of chronicon. 
chronical (kron'i-kal), . [< chronic + -al.] 
Same as chronic. [Rare.] 
A chronical distemper is of length, as dropsies, asthmas, 
and the like. Quincy. 
chronically (kron'i-kal-i), adr. In a chronic 
manner; hence, continually; perpetually; al- 
ways : as, a chronically discontented man. 
chronogram 
Observe the emotions kept awake in each savage tribe, 
chronically hostile to neighbouring tribes. 
//. N fencer, Data of Ethics, p. 8fi. 
chronicity (kro-nis'i-ti), n. [< chronic + -ity; 
= F. chronicit'e = It. cronicita.] The state or 
quality of being chronic or of long continuance ; 
permanence. 
The diagnosis [in inversion of the uterus] has to be made 
under the two different circumstances of recent occurrence 
and chronicity. 11. Earner, Dis. of Women, p. 625. 
chronicle (kron'i-kl), . [Early mod. E. also 
cronicle, < ME. croniele (with meaningless term. 
-le, as in principle, syllable) for cronike, cronique, 
a chronicle: see chronic, n,] 1. A historical 
account of facts or events disposed in the order 
of time; a history; especially, a bare or simple 
record of occurrences in their order of time. 
So fynden thei in here Scriptures and in here Crani/cUi. 
Jlandenille, Travels, p. 53. 
Irish chronicles which are most fabulous and forged. 
Spenxer, State of Ireland. 
I dare swear he never saw a book except the Chronicle 
chain'd in his Father's Hall. 
Mrs. Centliwe, Stolen Heiress, ii. 
2. Figuratively, anything that records, con- 
tains, conveys, or suggests history. 
Europe was rich in the accumulated treasures of age. 
Her very ruins told the history of times gone by, and 
every moldering stone was a chronicle. 
Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 15. 
Also chronicon. 
= Syn. 1. Higtori/, Chronicle, Annals, etc. (see history); 
register, record, diary, journal, narrative, story. 
chronicle (kron'i-kl), v. t. ; pret. and pp. chron- 
icled, ppr. chronicling. [< ME. croniclen, < cron- 
icle: see chronicle, n.] To record in a chroni- 
cle ; narrate ; register as history. 
To suckle fools, and chronicle small beer. 
Shak., Othello, ii. 1. 
In seeking to interpret the past history of the earth as 
chronicled in the rocks, we must use the present econo- 
my of nature as our guide. GeiMe, Oeol. Sketches, ii. 27. 
= Syn. Register, etc. See record, v. 
chronicler (kron'i-kler), n. [< ME. croniclere, 
< croniclen: see chronicle, v.] A writer of a 
chronicle ; a recorder of events in the order of 
time. 
After my death I wish no other herald, . . . 
But such an honest chronicler as Griffith. 
Shak., Hen. VIII., iv. 2. 
If it were not that both the chroniclers and the statute 
book assert the novel character of the abuse [collection of 
benevolences], we might ... be tempted to doubt whether 
the charge of innovation brought against Edward IV. were 
true. Stubbs, Const. Hist., 373. 
chroniclist (kron'i-klist), n. [< chronicle + 
-ist.] A chronicler. Shelton. [Rare.] 
chronicon (kron'i-kon), n. ; pi. chronica (-ka). 
[NL.,< Gr. xP v ' K 6v, ueut. sing, of ;r/xnvKdf: see 
chronic.] Same as chronicle. 
The present abbot . . . has published a chronifon of the 
abbey. Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 241. 
clironiquet (kron'ik), n. See chronic, n. 
chronispore (kron'is-por), n. A contracted 
form of chronizoospore. 
chronizodspore (kron-i-zo'o-spor), n. [< Gr. 
Xp&viof, late (of time), + Co", an animal, -t- 
airopa, seed.] A name given to minute zoo- 
spores (microzodgonidia) which are produced 
at times in the cells of the water-net Hydro- 
dietyoii, a cell producing from 30,000 to 100,000 : 
so called because they rest for several weeks or 
months before developing. 
chrono-. [L., etc., chrono-, < Gr. xptvoc, time.] 
An element in some words of Greek origin, 
meaning 'time.' 
chronobarometer (kron*o-ba-rom'e-ter), n. [< 
Gr. xP ut> S, time, + barometer.] A clock having 
a mercurial barometer for its pendulum, and 
used to show by its gain or loss the mean height 
of the barometer. 
Chronogram (kron'o-gram), n. [= F. chrono- 
gramme, < Gr. ^poVof, time, + -ypaufm, a letter 
or writing, < ypaijieiv, write. Cf. chronograph.] 
An inscription in which a certain date or epoch 
is expressed by the numeral letters contained 
in it, each letter being counted according to its 
independent value, as in the motto of a medal 
struck by Gustavus Adolphus in 1632: "Chrls- 
tVs DVX ; ergo trIVMphVs " (C + I + V + D 
+ V + X + I + V + M + V that is, 100 + 1 + 
5 + 500 + 54- 10 + 1 + 5 + 1000 + 5 = 1632). 
There is another near relation of the anagrams and 
acrostics, which is commonly called a chronogram. This 
kind of wit appears very often on many modem medals, 
especially those of Germany, when they represent in the 
inscription the year in which they were coined. 
Addison, Spectator, No. 60. 
That [motto used] on the occasion of the splendid crea- 
tion of fourteen Serjeants in 1660 was an ingenious chrono- 
gram alluding to the restoration of Charles II., "aDest 
CaroLVs MagiiVs." N. and Q., 6th ser., X. 30. 
