chrysalis 
The form of the case of the chrysalis varies with different 
families ami orders. Those of most lepidopterouf insects 
are inclosed in a somewhat horny membranous case, and 
generally of a more or less angular form, pointed at the 
abdominal end and sometimes at both ends, lii-fure the 
caterpillar undergoes its transformation into this state it 
often spins for itself a silken cocoon, within which the 
chrysalis is concealed. In most of the Coleoplera the legs 
of the chrysalis are in distinct sheaths; in the Lepidop- 
tera they are not distinct ; in the locust tribe, and many 
other insects, the chrysalis resembles the perfect insect, 
and (litters from the latter principally in not having 
the wings complete. Also called chnimlid, chrysalidan, 
nymph, ptipa, and formerly aurelia. 
This dull ehryiolii 
Cracks into shining wings. 
Tennyson, St. Simeon Stylites. 
chrysalis-shell (kris'a-lis-shel), n. The shell 
of a gastropod of the genus Pupa or family 1'u- 
' ' v. 
samine (kris'a-niin), n. [< Gr. xP va f, 
, + amine.] A coal-tar color of the oxy- 
azo group, used in dyeing. It dyes on cotton 
a sulphur-yellow, remarkably fast to light. 
chrysaniline (kn-san'i-lin), n. [< Gr. xpwtc, 
gold, + aniline.] A very beautiful yellow dye, 
obtained by submitting the residue from which 
rosaniliue has been extracted to a current of 
steam. A quantity of the base passes into solution, and 
if nitric acid is added to it chrysaniline is precipitated 
in the form of a nitrate, not easily soluble. 
chrysanisic (kris-a-nis'ik), a. [< Gr. ,rpwoY, 
gold, + anisic.] tlsed only in the following 
phrase Chrysanislc acid, C 7 H 5 N :i , an acid form- 
ing golden-yellow crystals, used in the preparation of cer- 
tain aniline dyes. 
chrysanthemum (kri-san'the-mum), . [= F. 
chrysantheme = Sp. It. crisdntemo = Pg. cliry- 
santemo, < L. chrysanthemum, < Gr. xpvoavtieftov, 
lit. 'golden flower,' < xpvt, gold, + avOepov, 
flower.] 1. A plant of the genus Chrysanthe- 
mum. 2. [cap.] [NL.] A large genus of com- 
posite plants, chiefly natives of Europe, Asia, 
and northern Africa. The generic name is now rarely 
990 
tions were sometimes made removable, as in the great 
statue of Athena by Phidias in the Parthenon at Athens ; 
in that case they were regarded as a reserve fund available 
to the state in time of need. 
The proportions of the whole building [the Parthenon] 
itself were again adjusted to the scale of the chrn-li-. 
phantine statue of Pallas Athene which it contained. 
C. T. Xeu'ton, Art and Arclueol., p. 33. 
chrysography 
ish-green, roughened by shallow pits of brighter 
metallic color. The larva! are elongate, cylindrical, 
leglett grubs of a whitish color, which tunnel under the 
bark of trees, and are easily recognized by the enormous 
thoracic joint, which is rounded at the sides 
SIZe OI tllC nl St tllOi n^iv, j"inu, iui_ii 15 IUU1I1.1CU .11 Llle Slues 
and flattened above and beneath. Two very abundant 
North American species are C. dentipes, which infests pine- 
trees, and C. .femorata, which affects various deciduous 
trees, and by preference orchard-trees. Its larva is the 
well-known flat-headed apple-tree borer of orchardiste. 
Chrysochlora (kris-o-klo'ra), n. [NL. (La- 
treille, 1825), < Gr. ^pwror, gold, + ^wpof, green- 
ish-yellow.] A genus of dipterous insects of a 
golden-green color, whose larvre live in cows' 
Chrysene (kris'en), n. [< Gr. xpvak, gold, -I- chrysochlore 1 (kris'o-klor), n. [< Chrysochlo- 
l e -\ A hydrocarbon (C 18 H 12 ) found in coal- ris, q. v.] An animal of the family Chryso- 
chlorididce ; a Cape mole. 
chrysochlore 2 (kris'o-klor), n. [< Chryso- 
chlora, q. v.] A dipterous insect of the genus 
Chrysemys (kris'e-mis), . [NL., < Gr. , 
gold, + cfiif or cfil-f (e/iwS-), the fresh-water tor- 
toise.] A genus of fresh-water turtles or terra- 
pins, of the family EmydicUe. The painted turtle, 
Chrysemys picta, is one of the best-known chelonians of 
the United States, abounding in ponds and slow streams 
from Canada to Mexico. 
- 
tar. It melts at 482 F., and is only slightly soluble in 
alcohol, ether, and carbon disulphid. It crystallizes in 
leaflets which have a violet fluorescence. 
ecence. 
chrysid (kris'id), n. One of the Chrysidtdai. 
Chrysididae (kri-sid'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Chry- 
is + -ida.] A family of tubuliferous hyme- 
Ruby-tailed Fly (Ckiysis nitMula}. (Cross shows natural size.) 
under cultivation a great diversity of handsome and re- 
markable varieties. It ranks as the national flower of 
Chrysanthemum fr 
Japan, where special attention is paid to its cultivation 
and variation, and where an open 16-petaled chrysanthe- 
mum is the imperial emblem. Several other species are 
frequently cultivated for ornament, as C. frutescens, C. 
roseum, etc. The genus includes the common feverfew (C. 
Partheniutn), the corn-marigold of Europe (C. eegetum) 
and the whiteweed or oxeye daisy (C. Leucanthemum). 
chrysarobin (kri-sar'o-bin), . [< NL. chrysa- 
robinum, < Gr. ;rpt>o-<5r,' gold, + ar(ar)oba, orig. 
a native (E. Ind.) name for the bark of a le- 
guminous tree.] 1. Same as Goa powder (which 
see, under powder). 2. A supposed chemical 
principle, the chief constituent and active me- 
dicinal principle of Goa powder. 
chrysarobinum (kris"ar-o-bi'num), . [NL. : 
see chrysarobin.] A mixture of proximate prin- 
ciples extracted from Goa powder, formerly 
mistaken for chrysophanic acid. It is used in 
certain skin-diseases. 
chryselephantine (kris"el-e-fan'tin), a. [= F. 
chryselephantine, < Gr. rpwreXsAh-nvof, of gold 
and ivory, < xpwos, gold, + eTie^a;, ivory, ele- 
phant, > lAeAtLvnvoc,, of ivory: see elephant.] 
Composed of gold and ivory: specifically, in 
ancient art, applied to statues overlaid with 
plates of gold and ivory. Such a statue was built up 
upon a wooden core or frame, braced and sustained by 
J , ofm( L tal - When the ^ulptor had completed his 
model, the flesh-surface of a cast taken from it was marked 
off into sections. These were separated from one another 
and reproduced in ivory plates, which were eventually fas- 
tened on or fitted into the surface of the wooden core The 
draperies also were divided into sections and reproduced 
in gold, gold of different tints often being introduced and 
were fitted upon the statue like a garment. The gold por- 
nopterous insects, having the posterior abdomi- 
nal segments retractile and the under side of the 
abdomen concave, and provided with a tubular 
membranous ovipositor of a single piece. They 
are richly colored insects, very active in the hottest sun- 
shine, and capable of rolling themselves up into a ball 
They are solitary and parasitic, depositing their eggs in 
the nests of other Hymenoptera, especially of the f ossorial 
wasps. There are several genera and many species. 
Chrysis (kri'sis), n. [NL. (Linnus, 1766), < Gr. 
Xpvaif, a vessel of gold, a gold-broidered dress, 
< Xfvnf, gold.] The typical genus of the fam- 
ily Chrysidida:, containing the gold-wasps or 
ruby-tailed flies, handsomely colored with me- 
tallic hues. C. i<r.ita is the best-known species ; it has 
the hind thorax and legs rich blue or green, and the abdo- 
men coppery red. Also spelled, improperly, Chrisig. 
chryso-. [NL. (before a vowel, chryg-), < Gr. 
xpvoof, gold, a word of uncertain origin and re- 
lations. ] An element in many compound words 
of Greek origin, meaning ' gold.' 
Chrysobalanus (kris-o-bal'a-nus), n. [NL., < 
Gr. xP m f, gold, + /3a/iavoc, an acorn.] A genus 
of rosaceous trees and shrubs, with simple en- 
tire coriaceous leaves, small white flowers, a 
basal style, and a fleshy one-seeded fruit. There 
are probably only two species, of Africa and America re- 
spectively. The cocoa-plum, C. Icaco, is found through- 
put tropical America and in southern Florida. Its fruit 
is edible, resembling a plum, and is used as a preserve 
The wood is heavy, hard, and strong. 
chrysoberyl (kris'o-ber-il), n. [< L. chrysobe- 
ryllus, < Gr. xpvao{$)pvMs>f, beryl with a tinge of 
gold color, < xpwtc, gold, + /Jiypv/Uof, beryl.] 
A mineral of a yellowish-green to emerald-green 
color, sometimes red by transmitted light, an 
aluminate of glucinum. It is found in rolled peb- 
bles in Brazil and Ceylon ; in fine crystals (variety alex- 
andrite) in the Ural ; and in granite at Haddam, Connec- 
ticut, and elsewhere in the United States. It is next to 
the sapphire in hardness, and some varieties are employed 
in jewelry, the kind call- 
ed cafg-eye, which pre- 
sents an opalescent play 
cial" 
. 
chrysochloridid (kris-o-klo'ri-did), n. An in- 
sectivorous mammal of the family Chrysochlo- 
rididce. 
Ohrysochlorididae (kris"o-klo-rid'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Cln-ymchliiris (-rid-) +' -idee.] A family 
of mole-like fossorial mammals, of the order 
Iwcctlvora; the gold-moles or Cape moles of 
South Africa. They are related to the Madagascan 
centetids, but not specially to the true Talpidce.. They 
have a dense, soft, lustrous pelage ; a cuneiform sknll,with 
no interorbital constriction or postorbital processes ; zygo- 
mata completed and tympanics bullate ; no pubic sym- 
physis ; the tibia and fibula ankylosed ; the limbs very 
short ; the fore feet with large strong claws for digging 
the ears small and concealed; no tail visible externally 
and the eyes rudimentary and covered with skin. There 
are two genera, Chrysochloris and Chalccchlwis (or Am- 
Mysomun) distinguished by their dentition. 
Chrysochloris (kris-o-klo'ris), n. [NL. (Lace- 
?t ' f, 798) -5 < Gr ' XP^,go\d, + x*uptf, green- 
ish-yellow.] The typical genus of the family 
Chrysochlorididai, having 3 incisors, 1 canine, 
3 premolars, and 3 molars in each side of each 
jaw: so called from the brilliant metallic luster 
of the fur, which glances from gold to green and 
of light, being especially 
admired. The variety 
alexandrite, having an 
emerald-green color by 
reflected and a colum- 
bine-red by transmitted 
light, is also prized as a 
gem. Also called cymo- 
phane. 
Chrysobothris 
(kns-p-both'ris), . 
gold, '+/?<%>$, a pit,' 
trough.] A genus of 
buprestid beetles, 
containing numer- 
ous species, of ob- 
long depressed form 
and on the upper 
side usually browu- 
Gold-mole ( Chrysochloris aureus}. 
violet. C. aureus is the Cape chrysochlore or 
gold-mole. Also spelled, improperly, Chriso- 
chloris. 
chrysochrous (kris'6-krus), a. [< Gr. ;rpwo- 
Xpooc, gold-colored, < ;rpwor, gold, + ^poa, col- 
or.] Of a golden-yellow color. 
Chrysocolla (kris-6-kol'S), n. [NL. (> F. chryso- 
colle = Sp. crisdcola = It. crisocolla), < Gr. *pt>- 
aAKoMa, gold-solder, < ^puodf, gold, + nlMji, 
glue.] 1. A silicate of the protoxid of copper, 
of a bluish-green to sky-blue color, apparently 
produced from the decomposition of copper 
ores, which it usually accompanies. 2. Borax: 
so called in the sixteenth century because it 
was used in soldering gold. 
chrysocollet, Same as chrysocolla, 1. 
Now, as with Gold growes in the self -same Jline 
Much ChrysocoUe, and also Silver fine : 
So supream Honor, and Wealth (matcht by none) 
Second the Wisdom of great Salomon. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Magnificence. 
chrysocracy (kri-sok'ra-si), n. [< Gr. ;tpwof, 
gold, + -Kparia, rule, < Kpareiv, rule.] The 
power or rule of gold or wealth. [Rare.] 
That extraordinary hybrid or mule between democracy 
and chrysocracy, a native-born New England serving-man. 
O. W. Holmes, Elsie Venner, ix. 
. . , , . 
chrysogonidium (kris"6-go-nid'i-um), .; pi. 
chrysogonidia (-ii). [NL.,'< Gr. ;rpwdc, gold, 
Flat-headed Apple-tree Borer 
(Chrysoeothris/emorata}. 
a. larva, dorsal view ; o, pupa ; c, 
swollen thoracic joints of larva, from 
. ., . , , 
i seed, + dim. -iiiov.] In Uchenology, a 
gonidium which contains orange-colored gran- 
ules. 
chrysograph (kris'o-graf), n. [< Gr. ^ptxrdc, 
gold, + ypatyri, a writing, < ypatyuv, write.] A 
manuscript the letters of which are executed 
in gold, or in gold and silver. 
chrysography (kri-sog'ra-fi), n. [= F. chryso- 
i/ra/>hie = Sp. crisografia, < ML. chrysographia, 
< Gr. xpvaoypapia, < ;rpMjo}pd<*o<;, one who writes 
in letters of gold, < xpwti, gold, + ypafyeiv, 
write.] 1. The art of writing in letters of 
gold, practised by the writers of manuscripts 
in the early middle ages. 2. The writing itself 
thus executed. 3. In Gr. antiq., the art of 
